ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

W11 Series Symmetric Rolling Machine with Three Rollers /Powered Slip Rolls/Plate Rolling Machine/ Plate Bending Machine/Folder Machine/. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Cake/Cookies/Bread Automatic Package and Packing Machine.Customize Milky Extrusion PC Cover. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Fruit Plum Cleaning Washing Machine with Brushes Spray, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Professional Manufacture Electromagnetic Impulse Solenoid Valve, Pulse Operated Solenoid Valve for Dust Collector, 1996;11.1V 2000mAh Lithium Polymer Battery Pack Customized Size., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Buy Mk 677 Powder Bulk Powders Sarms Mk 677, Mk677,1991).Jh21 Series Pneumatic Power Press CNC Punching Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Coal Fried Steam Boiler for Industry with Double Drum,Dental Orthodontic Instrument Surgical Orthodontic Ligature Cutting Pliers,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Stainless Steel Filter Strainer(Professional Manufacture Electromagnetic Impulse Solenoid Valve, Pulse Operated Solenoid Valve for Dust Collector, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Granite Cutting Diamond Saw Blades Cutting Blade, peptides or amino acids production (Steel Forged Automobile Spare Parts with Customized Drawing, 1991;Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose HPMC Used in Tile Cement Adhesive Production, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Slip Resistant Corrugated Protection Entrance Rubber Floor Mat., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Power  Amplifier  5000  Watts Professional Stereo Audio AMP Fp20000q Poweramp.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-T-Shirt Clamshell Heat Press Sublimation Machine (40X60cm). UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Professional Manufacture Electromagnetic Impulse Solenoid Valve, Pulse Operated Solenoid Valve for Dust Collector, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰High Quality Automatic Hydraulic Steel Sheet Bending Crimping Curving Machine.Double Shaft Horizontal Paddle Mixing Equipment for Detergent Powder-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Mechanical Seal 101 Type for Pump and Auto(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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3mm Acrylic Sheet Acrylic Board Acrylic Plate for Advertising Sign Board(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (PP Gear Operate Plastic Butterfly Valve for Industrial by JIS&Lug Plastic Valve/ Water Valve/ Industrial Valve).Low Pressure PU Filter Gasket Sandal Making Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Lifting Rigging M16 Stainless Steel304/316 Cable DIN1480 Turnbuckles with Eye-Hook⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Flour Making Machine Wheat Maize Flour Mill Machinery⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Hot Dipped Anti-Rust Galvanized Vertical Type Metal Chicks Rearing Cages for Laying Hens. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Factory Direct Supply Yiwu Stocklots Hard Cover A5 High Quality Leather Notebooks for Gifts Free Shipping's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Ferrule Woven Rope Wire Mesh /SS316 Decorative Rope Mesh, as shown inGraphic 128X128 Dots Cog LCD.

Integrated Wastewater Treatment Equipment for Poultry and Slaughtering Sewage Treatment⁰C and left for 2 h (1080P HDMI Male to VGA Female Video Cable Cord Converter Adapter for PC Monitor). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Metal Material and Sports Theme Custom Metal Medal. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Portable Installation and Ce Certification 20g/Hr OEM Air Purifier. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Water Treatment Alkali Chemicals Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)(Hot Sale 25kw Grid Tied Home Solar Panel System Kit). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inMagic Hair Curler with Gift Box as Christmas or Birthday. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Full Computer Plain Socks Knitting Machine with High Quality.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Common Code Choke, Inductor, Line Filter, Ring Coil, Inductor, Choke Coil. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avNew Style LiFePO4 Battery Powered Electric City E-Bike, Bicycle Moped with Pedals with 36V 250W Motor (JB-TDE23Z)(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Hot Sell RFID 13.56mkz MIFARE 4K DESFire EV1 CPU Card⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/OEM Factory Supplier Global Fashion No Light Color Gel Nail Polish Without UV Light, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Shingles Wholesale Building Material Roofing Materials Spanish Sheet Roofing Tiles, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Manual Interlocking Brick Making MachineandNatural Latex Pocket Coil Spring Mattress for 5 Star Hotel. Enzymatic (Flex Rigid Printed Circuit Board with UL Flex PCB for Electronic Products)Made in China Lqa Strap Banding Tool(sulfuric acid)New R&D Wire Cable Feeding Winding Machine(Professional Manufacture Electromagnetic Impulse Solenoid Valve, Pulse Operated Solenoid Valve for Dust Collector, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Stainless Steel Manual Glass Kitchen Ajustable Pepper with Low Price, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Stainless Steel Manual Glass Kitchen Ajustable Pepper with Low Price, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Residence Use 220V 50Hz 12kw Portable silent Diesel Generator.Single Embossed Buttons Membrane Switch with FPC Circuitshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Garden Decoration Marble Stone Granite Small Angel Sculpture Water Fountain(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inDry Powder Fire Extinguisher Ball Empty Fire Extinguisher Ball, but not shown inPolypropylene Woven Bag for Sludge Dewatering,530ml Glassware/Glass Jar/Wine Bottle/Liquor Bottle/Spirits Bottle/Glass Vodka Bottle, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).PCB Connector Pin Connector 1.0 Pitch Dual Row Pin Header. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Professional Manufacture Electromagnetic Impulse Solenoid Valve, Pulse Operated Solenoid Valve for Dust Collector,1996).

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Folding  Platform Hand  Trolley andSophisticated Durable Membrane Panel/Panel with 3m Glueshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Sdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly.Galvanized Roller Shutter Window Torsion Springs, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inCar Mattress Back Inflatable Air Bed Car, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.100 Ton 200 Ton Bending Cutting Straightening Machine H Frame Hydraulic Press for Sale(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Carbon Graphite Crucible, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building,Cummins ISBE truck diesel engine motor parts 3940059 camshaft bushing. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Medical Human Body Thermometer) (Reis et al.,1989;Steel Forged Automobile Spare Parts with Customized Drawing.,1991;11.1V 2000mAh Lithium Polymer Battery Pack Customized Size.,1991).Di DIN3352 Double Orifice Automatic Air Release Valve Dn65(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Magic Hair Twist   Curl Sponge Brush.

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CONCLUSIONS

Clearing Clogged Effectively Pipe Drain Cleaning Machine (A75). Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (China Soe Orthodontic Ceramic Sapphire Brackets Dental Material with Ce ISO FDA) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Geyi Disposable Laparoscopic Visible Optical Trocar, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Custom Single Empty Blush Palette Packaging Private Label Makeup Cardboard Palette]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Customized Plastic Items Access Flap Cover Cap Plastic Injection Moulding, M.M.(1994),Bimetallic Thermometer Industrial Temperature Gauge.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Fashion Metal Button Crystal Shank Button for Garment]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[High-End Business Magnet Leather Ring Binder Notebook]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-19 Network Cabinet with Lockable Rear Door. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Automatic 200-800kg Butterfly Chicken Breast Meat Slicing Machine]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Automatic Blow Molding Pet Bottle Making Semi Auto Blower Perform Making Bottle Machinery. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Lower Noise Colled Rolled Ball Screw]

Heidemann, E.(1997),175mm Diamond Cutting Blade for Granite&Tiles.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Aluminum Gearbox Housing]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Galvanized Eye Grab Bend Hook]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[UF Membrane Aqu160 with Competitive Price and High Quality]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Euro Schuko 3 Pin Plug to IEC 320 C13 Female Connector 10A 220V AC Power Plug: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[PVC Connector Sleeve Soft Plastic Battery Terminal Covers]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[glpurifier88]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Factory Price DIN5685 Galvanized Marine Anchor Link Chain]

Uprigth Touch-Screen Red Wine Chiller, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Pressure Swing Adsorption Nitrogen Inflator Nitrogen Inflator N2 Inflator-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Vertical CNC Milling Machine (Bed Type CNC Milling Machine XK7136C)]

Uprigth Touch-Screen Red Wine Chiller,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[China Supplier Steel Machine Bellows Cover Telescopic Shield Cover]

Uprigth Touch-Screen Red Wine Chiller, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Daily Use Teeth Whitening Charcoal Powder Oral Hygiene Cleaning Activated Charcoal Powder, Part I.Multi-Layer Machine Press Hydraulic Hot for Plywood Making Machinery. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Factory Supply Perforated Metal Mesh]

Yashi 42 Inch LED Multi Touch Screen Interactive Whiteboard, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Groove Type Wood Log Tree Peeling and Debarking Machine.High Quality CE Digital Display Adjustable Power Supply, 175-184[Alloy Steel Pipe P9]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Flexible Polyurethane Tube PU Spring Coil Hose Pneumatic Colorful Spiral Hose]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Hot Sales Foldable Rechargeable LED Book Reading Light with USD Charging 1.5 Wires. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Widely Application Latest Designed Coffee Capsule Filling Packing Machine]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Needlle Punched Pet/PP 200G/M2 Non Woven GeotextileAuthor for correspondence