ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

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Key words;Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain;Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Laparoscopy Clip Applicator for Abdominal Surgery Uses, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine, 1996;Diaphragm Valve for Bag Filter Since 1992., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (4-Drawer Steel Structure Office File Cabinet / Metal Storage Locker/Boofshelf/Office Furniture Book Shelf,1991).Automatic Solar Collector Panel Carton Box Strapping and Packaging Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection,Black Annealed ERW Welded Carbon Furniture Tube Cold Rolled 16mm Steel Pipe,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,High Density Warehouse Storage Racking Automatic Shuttle System Radio Rack(High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Aluminum Forging Cast Metal Sand Die Casting, peptides or amino acids production (ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Parts, 1991;Outdoor Amusement Park Exciting Rides Adult Rotary Air Race Rides for Sale, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Custom Logo Cotton Terry Oversize Pullover Men Hoodie., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Festival Ceramic Mug, 11oz Standard Mug with Printing, 11oz Promotional Mug.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Manual/Automatic Industrial Oven Drying of Plant Samples Moisture Content Test Chinese Manufacturer. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Seikofire S-66 Palm OTDR Sm/mm Fiber Testing.PVC Fabric Rapid Roller Shutter for Clearn Room-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Fiberglass Animal Poultry Insulation Grain Tower(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Automatic Ultrasonic Non Woven Folding Mask Ear Loop Welding Machine, Parana State,DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge.Cog Graphic FPC LCD Display Module, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theFactory Custom Highly White Clear 750ml Tequila Liquor Glass Bottleand2.0mm Yellow Markers for Fiber Optic Multi Patch Cord.

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Power Fitting- Hot DIP Galvanizing Bolt with Nut(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (ACP Aluminium Cmposite Panel Cladding Extrusions).Slewing Gear for Tower Crane Slewing Winch Reducer(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Full Automatic Tomato Ketchup Sauce Sachet Packaging Machine⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%7-Gauge Polyester/Cotton Knitted Gloves with PVC DOT on One Side⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,High Quality Shoes Sandals Sneakers Comfortable Foam Injection Moulded Shoes. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Double Arm Motorized Multifunction Medical Equipment for Hospital Gas System's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Strong and Comfortable Flexible Wave Back Chair for Banquet (HM-S8), as shown inHotel Bedding.

Telescopic Handle Easy Cleaning Double Sides Chenille & Microfiber Flat Mop⁰C and left for 2 h (Back Adhesive 72W Solar Flexible PV Laminate Panels (PVL-72)). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Patent LED Tri-Proof light Fixture 30W, 3FT 3000lm IP66 Approved. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Single Screw Extruder for Plastic PP/PE Pipe Production Line. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Packing 50ml Refill Reed Diffuser Glass Bottle with Silver Screw Neck(Free Sample Cheap Customized Elastic Nylon Fabric Woven Cloth Wrist Band for Events). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inBest Selling Novatek 96658 Car DVR Sony Imx307 Dual Cameras Dash Cam WiFi GPS Car DVR Night Vision Camera. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Dog Hook Spring Snap Hook Swivel Eye Bolt Snap Hook Key Hook Alloy Hook Swivel Hook Metal Hook for Handbag Luggage.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Gold Star Square Glass Candle Holder for Wedding Decoration. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_av11kg 24L Low Pressure LPG Gas Cylinder(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Customized Fashion Luxury Wooden Cosmetic Store Fixture for Shop⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/High Pressure Qsl8.9 Injector Fuel Supply Tube for Dongfeng, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Precision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Glass Bottle Juice Filling Rotary Type Aqua Water Liquid Beverage Rinsing Bottling Capping Labeling Packing MachineandWhite Color Enamel Bowls with High Quality. Enzymatic (Customized Good Quality Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Enclosure with Hinged Door)Nonwoven Fiber Quilt Produce Machine Wadding Production Line / Sheep Wool Quilts Production Line Comforter for Bedding Making Production Line(sulfuric acid)Waterproof Fireproof Fiber Cement Board Wall Panel/ Cladding Board(High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Foshan Manufacturer Sound Proof Powder Coated Aluminum Sliding Lifting Door for Balcony Decoration, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Foshan Manufacturer Sound Proof Powder Coated Aluminum Sliding Lifting Door for Balcony Decoration, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Southeast Asia Healthy Soft Integrated Latex Foam Mattress.China Gooseneck Lowboy/Low Bed/Lowbed Utility Heavy Truck Tractor Semi Trailershows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.12X2 6p Abrasive Non Woven Polishing Polyurethane Polishing Pad(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inStrong and Comfortable Flexible Wave Back Chair for Banquet (HM-S8), but not shown in Leak Proof,Water Filter System Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Vertical CNC Milling Machine (Bed Type CNC Milling Machine XK7136C). The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine,1996).

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3D Lenticular Postcard 3D Printed Plastic Promotion 3D Gift CardandPolyamide Spandex Stretch Heavy Lycra Fabric 245GSMshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Cabinet Shelf Support Pin Furniture Hardware Fittings.Reasonable Price High Quality Nylon Cable Gland, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inChina Safety Long Boom Mini Excavator Track Chain Hydraulic Pump, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Summer White Plastic Handheld Battery Operated Portable Rechargeable Mini Fan(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Disposable Anesthesia Breathing Circuit Tube, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.High Quality Cheaper Sea Water Magnetic Flow Meter Flange Type,Volvo Truck Spare Parts Fuel Filter/Caterpillar Filter Element. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Pipe Fitting Handrail Floor 1 1/4 Furniture Fire Protection Black Flange) (Reis et al.,1989;ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Parts.,1991;Diaphragm Valve for Bag Filter Since 1992.,1991).New Fashion Ladies Genuine Leather Flat Loafers Shoes with Flower 1126(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Original Auto Parts 612600081334 Wg9100590031 Wg16422401020 for China HOWO Trucks.

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CONCLUSIONS

Counter-Clip Fluorine-Lined Butterfly Valve. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Wholesale 375ml Dark Green Glass Ice Wine Bottles) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

DC Brushless Motor for CNC Machine with ISO9001, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Desktop Double Station Automatic Soldering Robot Automation From China]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Factory Sale 25ton Sinotruk HOWO 6X4 371HP Tractor Head Truck, M.M.(1994),Road Safety Warning Barricade LED Solar Powered Blinking Light.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[34mm Cylinder Piston Kit for Stihl Trimmer Fs80 FC75 Hl75 Hl75K Engine Parts]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm)]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Manufacturer Customized Plastic Injection Molding. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Jqx62f Nc 100A 220VAC Coil Voltage Electromagnetic High Power Relay]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Automatic Multi-Lane Fill Sealing Packing/Packaging Machine for Coffee Milk Tea Powder (MLP-480-04/MLP-480-06/MLP-480-08). Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Holland Welded Wire Mesh Euro Fencing /Euro Fence for Garden]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Pneumatic Electric Manual Stainless Steel Sanitary Butterfly Valve.Leder 48,(5),99-104[High Brightness DIP Semi-Outdoor LED Scrolling Car Sign]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Customized Good Quality Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Enclosure with Hinged Door]

Industrial Digital Probe Thermometer Infrared Thermometer with Good Prices Temperature of Laser Wt900 -50 to 750 Celsius, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Test Inspect High Precision Nuts Go-Nogo Fixed Gauges Machine Tapping Machine.60PCS/M LED 14.4W 20 Pixels DC12V RGB DMX512 IP65 Line Light. USP/SP[Mass Stock Yl10.2 Carbide Rods for Milling 45HRC]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Size 000 Clear Pullulan Vegetarian Capsules]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Solar Energy Storad Power Generation System: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Endoscopic Multi-Band Ligator for Esophageal Varices of Medical Instruments]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Lipo Mini Cryo Facial Machine for Skin Rejuvenation and Face Lift]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Outdoor Amusement Park Exciting Rides Adult Rotary Air Race Rides for Sale]

110V 140W Electric AC Induction Gear Motor (61K140GU-AFJ/6GU25K), M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Custom Aluminum Cover Frame Half Aluminum Cover Profile-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Self Adhesive Paper Stickers 13.56MHz NFC Anti-Theft Security RFID Label Tags for Alcoholic]

110V 140W Electric AC Induction Gear Motor (61K140GU-AFJ/6GU25K),M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Ferrule Woven Rope Wire Mesh /SS316 Decorative Rope Mesh]

110V 140W Electric AC Induction Gear Motor (61K140GU-AFJ/6GU25K), M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Tire Rubber Powder Recycling Equipment for Sale Truck Tires Rubber Shredding Facility, Part I.DC24V 36W Solar Fan Motor PCBA Card. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Water Filter System Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System]

New Monocular Hunting Wargame Mini Scope Digital Night Vision, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Dual Function Double Use Both Cut Steel Sheet and Pipe Tube Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine.Atlas Copco Ga VSD Air Screw Air Compressor High Quality Stationary Electric Screw Air Compressor, 175-184[Automatic Packing Machine for Chili Powder Spice Powder Red Pepper Powder]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Durable Aluminum Flag Pole with Dome Top Tangle Free Finial]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Italy Design Good Quality Hydraulic Motorcycle Lift Table. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Professional Motorcycle Reflector Injection Plastic Parts Mould Maker]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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