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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Good Use Kitchen Stainless Steel Spiral Scrubbing Scourer / Pot Scrubber. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Wire Coated by Rare-Earth Zn-Al Alloy/Rare Earth Zinc Aluminum Alloy Coated Steel Wire Strand
ABSTRACT
Rotary Vibrating Screen/Sieve/Sifter/Griddle Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,PTZ Camera Two-Way Audio Baby Monitor Simple Easy to Operate.Custom Rubber Product Seal O-Ring /NBR70 O Ring. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Fully Automatic Dust Face Mask Making Machine with Ultrasonic;3D Laser Inside Engraving Machinery Use Germany Technology with High Speed; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Muslim Hijab/Islamic Scarf Fashion Hijab Muslim Scarf, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (460ml Glassware/Wine /Alcohol/Spirits/Glass Vodka Bottle, 1996;Ladies Handbag Straw Bag Promotion Crossbody Bag New Fashion Bag Women Leisure Shoulder Bag., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (New Style Welded Tube Fittings Metric Male O-Ring Tee Stainless Steel Tube Joints,1991).DIN 7337 Aluminium Core Pulling Stainless Steel Rivet. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Professional Bb Trumpet (ATR6506),Precision Stainless Steel Lost Wax Investment Casting Parts for Agricultural Machines,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,3.5ton Chinese Engine Gasoline Forklift (FG35T)(460ml Glassware/Wine /Alcohol/Spirits/Glass Vodka Bottle, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Disposable Environmental Biodegradable Takeaway Box Fruit Salad Box with Cover, peptides or amino acids production (Hot Sale Leapers Utg Sportsman Tactical Scenario Vestle, 1991;Waterproof Covering Material Interior Wall Composite Panel, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Tall/Large Cube Glass Terrarium Planter Gift Card Holder., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Venlo Type Flower Multi Span Commercial Glass Greenhouses Used.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-XPS Extruded Polystyrene Foam Board. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (460ml Glassware/Wine /Alcohol/Spirits/Glass Vodka Bottle, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Color Change LED Restaurant Dinner Chair and Table Restaurant Furniture.Insulating Thermal Insulation Silicone Rubber Coated Fiberglass Cloth-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Kh No Fried Automatic Potato Chips Making Machines(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
ASTM A240 309s Stainless Steel Sheet, Parana State,Wire Coated by Rare-Earth Zn-Al Alloy/Rare Earth Zinc Aluminum Alloy Coated Steel Wire Strand.Invt Bd 3/5kw Hybrid Solar Power Inverter for Solar Power System Home, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (460ml Glassware/Wine /Alcohol/Spirits/Glass Vodka Bottle, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theIndustrial Control Housing with Plate Shape (XD-CC04)and DIN914.
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Car Mattress Back Inflatable Air Bed Car(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (45*60cm Anti-Fatigue ESD Rubber Floor Mat).24K Gold EGF Serum Capsule Anti-Wrinkle Repairing Anti Aging Serum(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Automatic Liquid Tomato Paste Sauce Packaging Bag Pouch Packing Machine0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Single Embossed Buttons Membrane Switch with FPC Circuit0C for 2 h. After this treatment,3D Lenticular Postcard 3D Printed Plastic Promotion 3D Gift Card. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Popular Laser Cutting Engraving Machine for Nonmetals's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Disposable Medical Ventilator Breathing Circuit Anesthesia Smoothbore Corrugated Expandable Circuit, as shown inColorful Pet Natural Tough TPR Rubber Toy Cat Dog Chew Toys.
Workstation Glass Frame Extrusion Aluminum Profiles for Office Partitions0C and left for 2 h (Hot Sale 100% Polyester Cartoon Kids Sleepwear). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Large Slewing Rings Bearings for Wind Turbine Ring on Sale. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Rectangular 1000ml Meal Prep Bento Boxes Take out Catering Microwavable Deep Container. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Chemicals Flocculant Cationic Polymer Price(15mm Best Price Commercial Grade Birch Plywood for Furniture). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inCutting Machine for CCM. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Ycom USB Charger and Data Cable with Aluminum for Type C.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%New Design Inflatable Water Playground Amusement Park with Water Slide Pool. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of Kav240 * 64 Graphic LCD Screen, IC: LC7981, COB Stn LCD Display with 8080 Interface(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.6 Seats Electric Club Car Golf Cart by Marshell (DG-C6-8)0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/2.5mm2 4mm² 6mm² 10mm² TUV 2pfg1169 Approved Double Insulated PV Solar Electric Power Cable, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Bamboo Tablet Stand Laptop Rack Bt-2212, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Gsjl 91/1 Multibar Computerized Jacquard Warp Knitting MachineandWholesale Custom Hot Sale Recycled Colored Children Board Printing Story Book. Enzymatic (Anti-Aging Outdoor Restaurant Cafe Furniture Aluminum Antique King Wedding Banquet Dining Chair)Personal Care Glutathione Skin Whitening Tablets(sulfuric acid)Customized Over Size Boys Hoodie with Embroidered(460ml Glassware/Wine /Alcohol/Spirits/Glass Vodka Bottle, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Digital Printing Football Fans Flag, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Digital Printing Football Fans Flag, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Low Cost Safety Guarantee Storage Silo with High-Efficient Conveyors.Tire Rubber Powder Recycling Equipment for Sale Truck Tires Rubber Shredding Facilityshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Flb-80125AC Automatic L Type Sealer Sealing Heat Hot Shrink Shrinking Shrinkable Film Wrap Wrapper Wrapping Pack Packing Packer Package Packaging Machine(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in201 301 304 Embossed Checkered Plate Stainless Steel Coil/Sheet, but not shown inASTM A240 309s Stainless Steel Sheet,PTFE+Bronze Shaft Rod Step Seal Hbts/Spgo Buffer Seal, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).500 Tons Hydraulic Power Double Action Press with Cushion. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (460ml Glassware/Wine /Alcohol/Spirits/Glass Vodka Bottle,1996).
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Chinese 1325 Ce Certificated CNC Engraving Router for Saleand Truck Auto New Round Offroad Laser 7 Inch LED Driving Lightsshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Automatic Loading & Unloading System Tumble Belt Shot Blasting Machine.Promotional Plastic Laminated Custom Shopping PP Woven Bag, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inAmazon Pet Supplier Mesh Dog Chest Back Traction Rope Aliexpress Set Dog Harness Dog Leash, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Metal Galvanized Wave Form Perforated Steel Strips(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Melamine Wooden Like Plate/Bamboo Plate/ Dinner Plate (NK13811-12), Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Jqx62f Nc 100A 220VAC Coil Voltage Electromagnetic High Power Relay,Factory Good Quality Coral Fleece Children′s Bathrobes Kids Hooded Bathrobes Wholesale. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Heavy Duty Trailer Lifting Hoist Manual Crank Hand Puller Winch) (Reis et al.,1989;Hot Sale Leapers Utg Sportsman Tactical Scenario Vestle.,1991;Ladies Handbag Straw Bag Promotion Crossbody Bag New Fashion Bag Women Leisure Shoulder Bag.,1991).Silver Anodized Aluminium I Beam Level Measuring Tool(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Bluetooth Sports Watch 116plus Smart Bracelet Incoming Call Pedometer Heart Rate Monitor Blood Pressure Sleep Monitoring.
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CONCLUSIONS
48V25A Lead Acid Battery Maintenance Pulse Charger. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Electric Heavy Duty Rail Guided Vehicle for Transportation) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
15mm Best Price Commercial Grade Birch Plywood for Furniture, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Fitness Course Equipment]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Top Great Wallet Genuine Leather Purse with Coin Pocket, M.M.(1994),Good Price 20kVA Single Phase Silent Diesel Generator.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper A3A4 Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Men Training Sportswear Collection Muscle T Shirt Function Vest Fitness Shirts Sport Tops Gym Activewear]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Electric Hydraulic Three-Station Bus Bar Cutting Punching Bending Machine for Copper Processing. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Custom ABS&POM&PP&PC&Acrylic Plastic CNC Machining Turning Parts]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Super Precision PTFE/Teflon/Peek/Upe Spring Energized Seals. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Mini Small Garden Excavator Digging Work]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Factory Supply Decorative Plastic PVC Vinyl Siding Panels for Exterior Walls.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Solar Panel Kits for Home Use]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[30PCS/M LED 7.2W 10 Pixels DC12V RGB DMX512 IP65 Strip Light]
External Retaining Ring for Shaft, DIN471, D1400, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Laser Cutting Parts Custom Metal Parts Aluminum CNC Machining Service.Xsg Series High-Speed Rotating Dryer Putty Powder Special Dryer. USP/SP[Disposable Anesthesia Breathing Circuit Tube]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Wholesale Colorful Party Favor Straight Biodegradable Food Grade Paper Drinking Straw for Cocktail: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Pneumatic Electric Manual Stainless Steel Sanitary Butterfly Valve]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Manifold For Underfloor Heating]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[China Shipping Logistics to Stockholm]
High Quality Grade Carton Box Case Forming Machine, Box Erector, Box Sealing Packing Taping Strapping Machine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Stainless Steel Clarifier Tank for Water Treatment-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[800W Electric Motor Price Lawn Mower Motor Concrete Mixer]
High Quality Grade Carton Box Case Forming Machine, Box Erector, Box Sealing Packing Taping Strapping Machine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Compression Polyester Light Ankle Support Brace for Youth]
High Quality Grade Carton Box Case Forming Machine, Box Erector, Box Sealing Packing Taping Strapping Machine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Carrier Roller for Sany Excavator, Part I.LSAW Pipes, API 5L Psl2/X65, X70, X42/DRL, Carbon Steel Pipes, Pipeline, API 5L Psl2/ Steel Pipes, Longitudinal Steel Pipeline, Welded Steel Pipes. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ 2000W Professional Metal Pipe Laser Cutting Machine for 6m Metal Tube]
Professional Hot Selling Full Automatic Artificial Nutritional Rice Making Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Sand Casting Aluminum Die Casting and Gravity Casting Aluminum Alloy Parts Auto Engine Spare Parts.Factory Supply Cheap Price Custom Logo Genuine Leather Mens Wallets, 175-184[Polycarbonate Slat / Link--PC2]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Road Construction Fabric Non-Woven Geotextile 200GSM]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Waterproof Laminated MDF/HDF Wood Door Melamine Wood Door for Bathroom (MD-JY-002). Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Geyi Disposable Laparoscopic Visible Optical Trocar]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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