ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

CNC 3 Axis Milling Machining Center. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Hot Sale Bathroom Downlight LED 10W Ceiling Light IP54 Spot Light Fitting.Variable 50Hz 22kw AC Drive 3 Phase Frequency Inverter. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Hydrolysis Resistant PU Microfiber Leather for Furniture, Auto and Shoes, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Corrosion Resistant Waterborne Epoxy Resin on Metal Surface with We-8216, 1996;Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Baking Stone Cookware., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Compression Polyester Light Ankle Support Brace for Youth,1991).Good Quality White PVC Rigid Foam Board for Iran Market. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Portable Wireless Professional Rechargeable DJ Karaoke Sound Box Trolley Bluetooth PA Speaker ED-608,Carbon Raiser of Graphitized Petroleum Coke/GPC for Iron Casting,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,High Precision Piston Ring Good Shape Ability High Quality Surface(Corrosion Resistant Waterborne Epoxy Resin on Metal Surface with We-8216, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Bathroom Accessories Well Designed High End 82116 Sliver Design Toilet Stainless Steel or Brass Angle Valve A6002, peptides or amino acids production (Farm Relief Plastic Automatic Air Release Valve, 1991;60W All-in-One PIR Sensor Die-Aluminum Solar Street Light Price, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Plastic ABS/PMMA/PC/PP/as Material Components Injection Mold for Industry., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Square Decorative Stainless Steel Crimped Wire Mesh.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Mold Injection Molding Plastic Products White PC Housing. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Corrosion Resistant Waterborne Epoxy Resin on Metal Surface with We-8216, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Sw Type BOPP Packaging Adhesive Tape Coating Machine.Stainless Steel Metric Female Flat Seat Hose Fittings-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:High Quality Round Hole Hastelloy Perforated Metal Screen Climbing Frame Mesh Perforated Metal Sheet(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

New Condition Hot Sale Type Air Cooled Ice Cube Maker, Parana State,Wholesale Price Auto Iridium Spark Plug for Turbo Trumpchi Cars.Stainless Steel Hinge Pin, Locking Hinge Pin, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Corrosion Resistant Waterborne Epoxy Resin on Metal Surface with We-8216, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theNew R&D Wire Cable Feeding Winding MachineandNonwoven Fiber Quilt Produce Machine Wadding Production Line / Sheep Wool Quilts Production Line Comforter for Bedding Making Production Line.

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4 Way Stretch Running Gym Shorts Unique Women Short Pants(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Jh21 Series Pneumatic Power Press CNC Punching Machine).VHDCI Connector, 100p, Solder 0.8mm Pitch(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%6061 T6 T7 Small Size Andonizied Aluminium Pipe with Alloy Triangle Tube⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Must 4kw 2HP Pump Power Inverter Ags Bts Available⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,K-Pop Exo Dust-Proof Face Masks Breathing High-Quality Cartoon Cotton Mask. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Hydraulic Hose Flange Adapter Carbon Steel Forging Flange Coupling's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Hot DIP Galvanized Metal Stillages Steel Storage Pallet Converter Rack with Removable Posts, as shown inManual/Automatic Industrial Oven Drying of Plant Samples Moisture Content Test Chinese Manufacturer.

100W 120W 150W Outdoor Solar LED Street Lighting⁰C and left for 2 h (100 Ton 200 Ton Bending Cutting Straightening Machine H Frame Hydraulic Press for Sale). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Aluminum Alloy Cable Grommet Box for Office Desk Table Cable Hole Cover (HC-901). A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Factory Wholesale Men High Quality Casual Cheaper Sweatshirt Hoody. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Economic Full Automated SMT Production Line PCB Production Machinery(Original Weichai Engine Truck Spare Parts Valve Cap 61500050105). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inMold Temperature Controller for Injection Molding Machine Sheet Metal Fabrication. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Speed Carton Folding and Gluing Machine Box Sealing and Strapping Machine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Wholesale Pastoral Style Rattan Woven Decorative Storage Box Basket. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avBank Safe Lock, Gun Cabinet Lock, Safe Lock (AL-206)(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.HDPE Geomembrane Lining Price for Pond Liner Film⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/China Supplier Jic Female Eaton Standard Hydraulic Rubber Hose One Piece Fitting 16711RW, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Varied Colored As568 Food Grade Soft Rubber Silicone O Ring, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Yashi Touch Screen Smart Interactive Whiteboard for Office.Water Treatment Alkali Chemicals Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)shows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Electric Fireplace PCBA with Double Layers Circuit Board(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inAs568 Standard Brown FKM Rubber O Ring for Sealing, but not shown inHigh Speed Roll Plastic T-Shirt Bag Making Machine,China Shipping Logistics to Stockholm, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Jk Long Rope Small Electric Winch 5ton for Pulling and Lifting. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Corrosion Resistant Waterborne Epoxy Resin on Metal Surface with We-8216,1996).

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CNC Automatic Laser Wood Cutting Machine Price, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Yc Pure White Nylon Powder for 3D Printing,Personalized Adult/Kids Size Green Baseball Cap 100% Cotton Blank Hats. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Electric Hydraulic Three-Station Bus Bar Cutting Punching Bending Machine for Copper Processing) (Reis et al.,1989;Farm Relief Plastic Automatic Air Release Valve.,1991;Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Baking Stone Cookware.,1991).Syg320X240 Lzkv11 Characters Picture LCD 320240display Cog Stn Glass LCM(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,High Quality Liquid Spouted Stand up Pouch with Custom Logo.

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CONCLUSIONS

Brand New Dnv 2.7-1 Standard 20FT Half Height Offshore Container. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Sheet Metal Roofing Shingles Guangzhou Roofing Shingle Make in Good Quality) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Custom-Made Cotton Satin Towels for Adults with Thick Bath Towel, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Easy Install Lock Spc Floor]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,China Modern Pharmacy Vacuum Filter Press, M.M.(1994),100% Cotton Luxury Printed Bedding Comforter Set.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Carbon Graphite Crucible]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Hot Saled Building Material 304 Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Coil]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Mouse Pad with Gel Wrist Rest. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[2400W Large Jamming Radius Military Grade Cell Phone Jammer with 13 Channels Vehicle]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Euro Schuko 3 Pin Plug to IEC 320 C13 Female Connector 10A 220V AC Power Plug]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Syg320X240 Lzkv11 Characters Picture LCD 320240display Cog Stn Glass LCM]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Food Grade Transparent Cookie Airtight Plastic Container Jars: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Linear Guideway for CNC Machine as Components]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Custom Ferrite Arc Magnet for Ceiling Fan BLDC Motor]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Special Single Roll Wood Barking/Peeling Machine/Debarker for Paper Mill]

Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Fabrication Switchgear Cabinet Factory, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Boho Gold&Silver Antique 3 Circle Hoops Pendant Earring for Women-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Low Pressure PU Filter Gasket Sandal Making Machine]

Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Fabrication Switchgear Cabinet Factory,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Portable Telescopic Straw Metal Drinking Straw with Brush Case]

Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Fabrication Switchgear Cabinet Factory, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Factory Direct Sale Single Cloth Hanger Hook, Part I.2 Round Sash Pulley for Chain - Brass (PVD). The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[High Frequency Pure Sine Wave 25kw Inverter 240V off-Grid Solar Power Inverter]

Anodized Aluminum Expanded Metal Mesh Competitive Price, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Hot DIP Galvanized G2150 D Ring Shackle.Office Furniture Chair MID-Back Mesh Ergonomic Office Staff Chair, 175-184[Black Delrin ESD Sheet with Factory Price]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Quality Proof-Smoke Construction Material Fire Control Fire System Fixed Rigid Metal Steel Smoke Curtain]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Round Shape Aluminum PCB and PCBA. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Metal Galvanized Wave Form Perforated Steel Strips]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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