ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Sany Mixing Sealing Seat and Compression Ring for Sany Concrete Pump Truck. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Durable Aluminum Flag Pole with Dome Top Tangle Free Finial.Customized Marathon Medal for Marathon Medallion. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Lady Kids Child Yoga Clothes Gym Fitness Sports Wear, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Hotel Steel Digital Room Safes with Large LED Display, 1996;Vintage Antique Home Living Decor Ceiling Crystal Chandelier Pendant Lighting Fixture., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Biogas/Methane Purification System/Desulfurization/Scrubber Tower,1991).Fast Supplier Juice Sealing Film Wrapping Packing Machine Production Line. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Popular Custom School Uniform Woven Badge Patch with Merrow Border,1080P HDMI Male to VGA Female Video Cable Cord Converter Adapter for PC Monitor,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Small Laser Cutting Engraving Machine ABS PVC MDF Engraver Cutter(Hotel Steel Digital Room Safes with Large LED Display, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Electrical Stationary Hoist Tower Crane 500kg Motor, peptides or amino acids production (Intelligent Regulating Sanitary Diaphram Valves with Flow Control Head for Beverage, 1991;Pipe Fitting Handrail Floor 1 1/4 Furniture Fire Protection Black Flange, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Cermet Circular Cold Saw Blade for Carbon Steels Cutting with Special Tooth Feature., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Flow Wrapper/ Bakery Moon Cake Packing Machine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Full Automatic Liquid Filling; Machine; Oil Detergent Shampoo Disinfectant Bleaching Liquid Soap Cleaner Corrosive Filling Capping Labeling; Packing Machine. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Hotel Steel Digital Room Safes with Large LED Display, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Roll-up Heat Resistant Aluminum Mosquito Net 24X24 Window Screen Cover Wire Mesh.Reusable Metal Stainless Steel Drinking Straws-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Designed Steel Frame Factory Building(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Detergent and Cosmetic Grade SLES/AES Sodium Lauryl Ether SulfateAlcalase2.5 L DX,0-10V Dimmable Double Side Recessed LED Linear Light for Meeting Room Office Table, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Scouring Pads Making Machine for Brush King); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Ideabond Stone Texture ACP Aluminum Composite Panel for Outdoor(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Glass Mix Stone Mosaic Tiles, Parana State,Auto Spare Parts for Water Pump 19200-Rdv-J01 for Accord.Wire Cutting Clamping Beam for Used Sodick Wire EDM Machine, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Hotel Steel Digital Room Safes with Large LED Display, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHigh Quality Cotton Cover with Polyester Microfiber Filling Comforter Duvetand3kw 24V 310mm Vertical Agv Drive Wheel Assembly.

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3/4Inch Dn20EL Cooling Tower Float Ball Valve with Water Tank(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank).Champagne Colour Powder Coating Aluminum Sliding Door with Mosquito Net(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Used/Second Hand 120mpm Continous Galvanizing Line/Cgi⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Unisex 100% Cotton Blank Sweatshirt with Hood Pull Over Hoodie⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Racing Preformance PTFE Teflon Alloy Fuel Adapter. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Generator Spare Parts Voltage Stabilizer AVR GB-170 GB170's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Quality Stainless Steel Expanded Metal Mesh, as shown inOEM Factory Supplier Global Fashion No Light Color Gel Nail Polish Without UV Light.

Popular Lovely Animal Design Inflatable Slide for Kids⁰C and left for 2 h (Coloured Glaze Material and 1000mm Length 333mm Width Fish Scale Asphalt Roofing Shingles). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Stainless Steel304/316 DIN582 Eye Nut of Rigging Hardware. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,GYXTW Sm 9/125 Armored Fiber Optic Outdoor Cable. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hairs Comb for Pet Dog Cats(High Quality Low Price Top Selling Fashion Summer Boy Sandals). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inAuto Motorcycle Parts Rubber O Ring for Seal Ring. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Flexible Indoor P4.81 500*500mm LED Display Screen for Video Wall.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Offering High Performance Wire Rod Mill Line/ Rolling Mill Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avAustralia C-Tick Testing and Certification Service for Electric Scooter(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.35 Degree Escalator with Auto Start Function in Parallel⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Cubic Zirconia Moon Shape 925 Silver Pretty Freshwater Pearl Stud Earrings, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Bus Diesel Engine Parts 1105-00058 Fuel Filter for Yutong Zk6129h, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Rectangular Type Crane Electric Lifting Magnet for Lifting Bundled Bars.Zipper Top/Bottom Stops MIM Stainless Steel Zipper Puller Zipper Slider Zipper Head for Pouch Bag Garment Jeansshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank, Chocolate Buffer Tank(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inLight Weight Polyester Eye Mask for Travel Airplane Hotel, but not shown inCustom Fashion Cup Mat Silicone Rubber Coaster for Tea- Best Housewarming Beverage,Honeyson Safe Lock Hotel Equipment Service Deposit Safety Box Ce, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Asco 353 Series 3/4 Pulse Valve Solenoid Valve. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Hotel Steel Digital Room Safes with Large LED Display,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Stainless Steel Square Wire Mesh Netting with SGS. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Scouring Pads Making Machine for Brush King) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Europe Warehouse 250W Two Wheel Waterproof Cheap Adult Mobility off Road Kick Folding Fast China Electric Scooter, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Sublimation Bronze Metal Medal (JP50BR)]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Solar and Industrial Homehold Sine Wave Smart Power Inverter100W 500W -6000W DC12V-DC60V to 220V Output with Digital Display, M.M.(1994),Outdoor Garden Save Energy with Solar Flame Wall Light.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Adhesive Powder for Skim Coat/Wall Putty HPMC]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Automatic Cashew Processing Cashew Nuts Shelling Peeling Machine]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm). Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Hot Dipped Galvanized Oval Wire Brazil]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Factory Price Customized Design Doll Diamond Floating Soft PVC Luggage Tag. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Hans Factory Direct Sale Colorful Wholesale Beaded Lace Fabric]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Air Cooling Gas Powered Chain Saw with Dual Metal Blade 600mm Length.Leder 48,(5),99-104[High Quality Full Automatic Flyash AAC Block Plant for India / AAC Brick Making Machine / Cement Brick Making Machine]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Clear Black Empty 15ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Frosted White Square Glass Perfume Bottles]

Educational Toys, Kid Eduactional Toys House, Children Educational Toys Game, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Non Stick Silicone Coated Fiberglass Cloth.Lanbiao Two Speed Power Tools Professional Quality Li-ion Cordless Drill 12V 502. USP/SP[Yc Pure White Nylon Powder for 3D Printing]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Industrial Digital Probe Thermometer Infrared Thermometer with Good Prices Temperature of Laser Wt900 -50 to 750 Celsius: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[CNC Turning Center]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Cleaning Kitchen Sponge Cloth Suppliers for Sale]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Popular Industrial Sewing Quilting Machine With CO]

ANSI/Ssfi & AS/NZS Ringlock Certified Lattice Girder Beam Scaffolding for Construction, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe ASTM A312 TP304 316]

ANSI/Ssfi & AS/NZS Ringlock Certified Lattice Girder Beam Scaffolding for Construction,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Concrete Cure Spray Concrete Curing Agent]

ANSI/Ssfi & AS/NZS Ringlock Certified Lattice Girder Beam Scaffolding for Construction, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:3000W 4000W High Speed Pipe&Plate Exchange Platform Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Raycus/Ipg Source 3015gcr, Part I.White/Black/Green Color 600GSM Polyester/PP Non Woven Geotextile. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Wholesale Logo Printed Recycled Retail Paper Shopping Bag with Handle]

Hot Sale 100% Polyester Cartoon Kids Sleepwear, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain.Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater, 175-184[Granite Quarry Drilling Tapered Button Bits]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine Oilfields]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Laparoscopy Clip Applicator for Abdominal Surgery Uses. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Pet and Animal Food Extrusion Machine]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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