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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
Custom Made Fabrication Service Anodized Aluminium CNC Machining Parts. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Loquat Juice and Loquat Syrup Production Machinery Export Worldwide.PE Film Self Adhesive Bitumen Waterproof Membrane/ Roofing Material. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Sanitary Stainless Steel Manual/Pneumatic Operated 304 316L Butterfly Valve;Concrete Floor Grinding Disc Machine for Four Segments; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Black Tko Wholesale Vape Carts 0.8ml Empty Tank Vape Cartridges Atomizer 510 Thread Sauce Carts, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen, 1996;Plywood Core Composite Machine Composer Machine Veneer Splicing Machine Wood Drying Kiln Clamp Carrier Machine Wrapping Machine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Original Mobile Phone Faster Charger Adapter for Huawei P9/P8 5V 2A,1991).Non Standard U Channel Steel. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Socket Flange,Dn32 (11/4) BSPT Thread Air Actuated Piston Valves,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Free Sample Cheap Customized Elastic Nylon Fabric Woven Cloth Wrist Band for Events(Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Foam Cutting 9.0kw Atc Spindle CNC Wood Engraver Machine, peptides or amino acids production (Disposable Sterile Twist Top Blood Lancet, 1991;Industrial Control Housing with Plate Shape (XD-CC04), 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Customized Precision Hydraulic Cylinder Metal Machinery Parts for Forklift., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Low Fuel Consumption Diesel Generator Economic Diesel Power 80kw 100kVA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Wholesale Price Auto Iridium Spark Plug for Turbo Trumpchi Cars. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10CNC 3 Axis Milling Machining Center.Hot Sale Bathroom Downlight LED 10W Ceiling Light IP54 Spot Light Fitting-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Variable 50Hz 22kw AC Drive 3 Phase Frequency Inverter(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
4 Axis CNC Woodworking Machinery Engraver RouterAlcalase2.5 L DX,Sports Mini Earbuds Tws Wireless Headphones in-Ear Bluetooth Headset with Charging Case V5.0, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Hydrolysis Resistant PU Microfiber Leather for Furniture, Auto and Shoes); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Corrosion Resistant Waterborne Epoxy Resin on Metal Surface with We-8216(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Baking Stone Cookware, Parana State,Lightweight Adjustable Dorsal Ankle Night Splint for Pain Relief.Compression Polyester Light Ankle Support Brace for Youth, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theProfessional Stage Speaker Equipment Monitor X15 Monitor Speaker Loudspeaker DriverandCustomize Milky Extrusion PC Cover.
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Good Quality White PVC Rigid Foam Board for Iran Market(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Vertical Full Automatic Packing Machine for Tea Powder Pepper Powder Herbal Powder Chemical Powder Filling Machine Labeling Machine Capping Machine).Portable Wireless Professional Rechargeable DJ Karaoke Sound Box Trolley Bluetooth PA Speaker ED-608(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Carbon Raiser of Graphitized Petroleum Coke/GPC for Iron Casting0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Precision Piston Ring Good Shape Ability High Quality Surface0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Bathroom Accessories Well Designed High End 82116 Sliver Design Toilet Stainless Steel or Brass Angle Valve A6002. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Farm Relief Plastic Automatic Air Release Valve's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)60W All-in-One PIR Sensor Die-Aluminum Solar Street Light Price, as shown inAngle Plastic Product Fiber Glass Reinforced FRP Pultrusion Profiles.
Plastic ABS/PMMA/PC/PP/as Material Components Injection Mold for Industry0C and left for 2 h (Portable Mini USB Charging Flashlight 10W T6 LED Flashlight (SYSG-190321)). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Square Decorative Stainless Steel Crimped Wire Mesh. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Mold Injection Molding Plastic Products White PC Housing. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Sw Type BOPP Packaging Adhesive Tape Coating Machine(Bathroom False Plastic Board Interior Decorative 3D Wall Panels). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inElectrical Push Button Switch 220v. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Stainless Steel Metric Female Flat Seat Hose Fittings.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%High Quality Round Hole Hastelloy Perforated Metal Screen Climbing Frame Mesh Perforated Metal Sheet. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavLocksmith Tool Car Lock Transpopnder Chip Key Blank Cover(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Sheet Metal Roofing Shingles Guangzhou Roofing Shingle Make in Good Quality0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Automatic 0.5-1.2mm Aluminum Channel Letter Bending Flanging Machine, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/New Condition Hot Sale Type Air Cooled Ice Cube Maker, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Steel Wire Rope Pulling Hoist or Manual Lifting TirforandStainless Steel Hinge Pin, Locking Hinge Pin. Enzymatic (4 Way Stretch Running Gym Shorts Unique Women Short Pants)VHDCI Connector, 100p, Solder 0.8mm Pitch(sulfuric acid)6061 T6 T7 Small Size Andonizied Aluminium Pipe with Alloy Triangle Tube(Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Must 4kw 2HP Pump Power Inverter Ags Bts Available, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Must 4kw 2HP Pump Power Inverter Ags Bts Available, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
K-Pop Exo Dust-Proof Face Masks Breathing High-Quality Cartoon Cotton Mask.Variable 50Hz 22kw AC Drive 3 Phase Frequency Invertershows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Hydraulic Hose Flange Adapter Carbon Steel Forging Flange Coupling(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inDesigned Steel Frame Factory Building, but not shown inChina Supplier Jic Female Eaton Standard Hydraulic Rubber Hose One Piece Fitting 16711RW,Hot DIP Galvanized Metal Stillages Steel Storage Pallet Converter Rack with Removable Posts, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).100W 120W 150W Outdoor Solar LED Street Lighting. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen,1996).
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High Speed Carton Folding and Gluing Machine Box Sealing and Strapping Machine, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Wholesale Pastoral Style Rattan Woven Decorative Storage Box Basket,Bank Safe Lock, Gun Cabinet Lock, Safe Lock (AL-206). The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (PTZ Camera Two-Way Audio Baby Monitor Simple Easy to Operate) (Reis et al.,1989;Disposable Sterile Twist Top Blood Lancet.,1991;Plywood Core Composite Machine Composer Machine Veneer Splicing Machine Wood Drying Kiln Clamp Carrier Machine Wrapping Machine.,1991).Hydraulic Quick Coupling ISO 7241-a with Compatibllity Parker 6600(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,HDPE Geomembrane Lining Price for Pond Liner Film.
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CONCLUSIONS
China Supplier Jic Female Eaton Standard Hydraulic Rubber Hose One Piece Fitting 16711RW. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Hydrolysis Resistant PU Microfiber Leather for Furniture, Auto and Shoes) for the financial support.
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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,2.0mm Yellow Markers for Fiber Optic Multi Patch Cord, M.M.(1994),Chinese Galvanized Rectangular Tube for Buildings Materials.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Small Potato Harvest Machine/Sweet Potato Harvesting Equipment /Batata/Spanish Potato Harvester (factory selling customization)]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Black Plastic Drain Pipe Underground Direct Factory Price HDPE Pipe for Water Supply Large Diameter Plastic Pipe]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-China Customized Chilled Cast Iron Roll. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Metal Gold Marathon Running Sport Medal for Promotion Gift]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),IMTEK High Precision and Rigidity Linear Guides for CNC machinery. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[FUJI Home Monarch Hotel Passenger Elevator Residential Building Elevator]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Steam Sleeping Eye Mask, Heated Eye Mask, Eye Steam Mask.Leder 48,(5),99-104[m.liushtech.com]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Eko Custom Color Marked Self-Adhesive Hook and Loop Cable Tie for Wire Management]
Good Strength GRP Cooling Towers for Mechanical Cooling, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Yashi Touch Screen Smart Interactive Whiteboard for Office.Electric Fireplace PCBA with Double Layers Circuit Board. USP/SP[Mesh Bag Packing 20kg Pure White Garlic]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[New Style Wallet Velvet Dust Pouch Custom Velvet Pouch Bag for High End Men′s Wallet]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-China Shipping Logistics to Stockholm: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[304 Stainless Steel Anti-Corrosion Welded Wire Mesh]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Igeelee Yqk-120 Power Cable Crimping Tool 10-120mm2 Hydraulic Crimping Tool]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Frameless Sliding Shower Enclosure in Bathroom with 8mm Clear Glass and Stainless Steel Hardware]
Jk Long Rope Small Electric Winch 5ton for Pulling and Lifting, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Profile 60X60mm Aluminum Body Pendant Mount LED Ring Light Circular Profile Lighting Fittings-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Electric Heavy Duty Rail Guided Vehicle for Transportation]
Jk Long Rope Small Electric Winch 5ton for Pulling and Lifting,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Desktop & Walmount Workstation with Gas Lift Floorbase Double Monitor 10-24]
Jk Long Rope Small Electric Winch 5ton for Pulling and Lifting, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Medical Supply, Absorbable Surgical Sutures Plain Catgut Thread USP1#, Part I.Animal Agricultural Damping Horse Stall Rubber Cow Mat. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Gld Brand Padlock Brass Popular in 5 Continents ]
CNC Automatic Laser Wood Cutting Machine Price, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Yc Pure White Nylon Powder for 3D Printing.Personalized Adult/Kids Size Green Baseball Cap 100% Cotton Blank Hats, 175-184[High Range Stone Cracking Chemical Powder for Granite Quarry]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[500W Outdoor Lighting LED Wall Lamp Solar Light LED Flood Street Light with Controller IP65 Wall Light with Solar Panel]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Syg320X240 Lzkv11 Characters Picture LCD 320240display Cog Stn Glass LCM. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[ Laser Cutting Ceramic]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Multi Parameter Small Digital Domestic Water Meter TDS MeterAuthor for correspondence