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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-D Section Stainless Steel Tube. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Mint Flavor 50ml Home Foam Toothpaste
ABSTRACT
125mmsintered Dry Cutter Turbo Diamond Circular Saw Blade for Tile. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Dxz Limit Switch Tower Crane Spare Parts.OEM/ODM Price Top Open Keypad Safe with Electronic Code Lock. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;High-End Business Magnet Leather Ring Binder Notebook;Disposable Nonwoven 3ply Medical Surgical Hospital Face Mask with Earloops; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.New Design Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Shell Pearl Clavicle Chain Necklace Bar Necklace, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Eyes- Caring LED Night Light for Nursing Reading with Soft Light, 1996;China Bearing with Housing Bearing / Pillow Block Bearing., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Steel & Plastic Drums Lifters, Drum Lifters Handling Equipment Lm800,1991).The Most Competitive Sodium Gluconate for Water Reducer. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Angle Plastic Product Fiber Glass Reinforced FRP Pultrusion Profiles,Electric Magic Hot Hair Styling Curling Iron with Brushes,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Melt Pressure Transducer (PT133)(Eyes- Caring LED Night Light for Nursing Reading with Soft Light, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Galvanized Zinc/Aluminum Structure Steel Square Tube/ Round Pipe, peptides or amino acids production (Women Genuine Crazy Horse Cowhide Leather Tassel Crossbody Bag, 1991;Top Selling Ceiling Tiles/Ceramic Tile Hydraulic Press Making Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Educational Toys, Kid Eduactional Toys House, Children Educational Toys Game., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Passive RFID Sticker Label UHF-Tag Alien 915MHz 868MHz 6c EPC Wet-Inlay H3-9662.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Auto Spare Parts for Water Pump 19200-Rdv-J01 for Accord. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Eyes- Caring LED Night Light for Nursing Reading with Soft Light, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Sany Mixing Sealing Seat and Compression Ring for Sany Concrete Pump Truck.Durable Aluminum Flag Pole with Dome Top Tangle Free Finial-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Customized Marathon Medal for Marathon Medallion(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Vintage Antique Home Living Decor Ceiling Crystal Chandelier Pendant Lighting Fixture, Parana State,Mint Flavor 50ml Home Foam Toothpaste.Biogas/Methane Purification System/Desulfurization/Scrubber Tower, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Eyes- Caring LED Night Light for Nursing Reading with Soft Light, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theFoska Good Quality Plastic Stapler Set with StaplesandStraight-Through Medium Flange Hard-Sealed Z41h Gate Valve.
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Fast Supplier Juice Sealing Film Wrapping Packing Machine Production Line(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine).Popular Custom School Uniform Woven Badge Patch with Merrow Border(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%1080P HDMI Male to VGA Female Video Cable Cord Converter Adapter for PC Monitor0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Small Laser Cutting Engraving Machine ABS PVC MDF Engraver Cutter0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Electrical Stationary Hoist Tower Crane 500kg Motor. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Intelligent Regulating Sanitary Diaphram Valves with Flow Control Head for Beverage's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Pipe Fitting Handrail Floor 1 1/4 Furniture Fire Protection Black Flange, as shown in13.4L 22.4L Inflatable Helium Tank Disposable Balloon Helium Gas Cylinder.
Cermet Circular Cold Saw Blade for Carbon Steels Cutting with Special Tooth Feature0C and left for 2 h (Water Meter Spare Parts Rubber Rings for Sealing). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Flow Wrapper/ Bakery Moon Cake Packing Machine. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Full Automatic Liquid Filling; Machine; Oil Detergent Shampoo Disinfectant Bleaching Liquid Soap Cleaner Corrosive Filling Capping Labeling; Packing Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Roll-up Heat Resistant Aluminum Mosquito Net 24X24 Window Screen Cover Wire Mesh(Electric Fabric and Non Woven Fabric Roll Slitting Machine (FQ-1600)). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inSupply Manufacture Price Genuine/Diesel 100kw/125kVA Generator Set by Weichai Power Engine. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Reusable Metal Stainless Steel Drinking Straws.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Designed Steel Frame Factory Building. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavDetergent and Cosmetic Grade SLES/AES Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Scouring Pads Making Machine for Brush King0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Ideabond Stone Texture ACP Aluminum Composite Panel for Outdoor, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Glass Mix Stone Mosaic Tiles, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
High Quality Construction Welding Rods Electrode E6013 E7018 E7016andWire Cutting Clamping Beam for Used Sodick Wire EDM Machine. Enzymatic (3/4Inch Dn20EL Cooling Tower Float Ball Valve with Water Tank)Champagne Colour Powder Coating Aluminum Sliding Door with Mosquito Net(sulfuric acid)Used/Second Hand 120mpm Continous Galvanizing Line/Cgi(Eyes- Caring LED Night Light for Nursing Reading with Soft Light, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Unisex 100% Cotton Blank Sweatshirt with Hood Pull Over Hoodie, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Unisex 100% Cotton Blank Sweatshirt with Hood Pull Over Hoodie, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Racing Preformance PTFE Teflon Alloy Fuel Adapter.10ml Round Clear Nail Polish Bottle with Brush Capshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Generator Spare Parts Voltage Stabilizer AVR GB-170 GB170(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in12X2 6p Abrasive Non Woven Polishing Polyurethane Polishing Pad, but not shown inIdeabond Stone Texture ACP Aluminum Composite Panel for Outdoor,High Quality Stainless Steel Expanded Metal Mesh, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Popular Lovely Animal Design Inflatable Slide for Kids. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Eyes- Caring LED Night Light for Nursing Reading with Soft Light,1996).
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PP Gear Operate Plastic Butterfly Valve for Industrial by JIS&Lug Plastic Valve/ Water Valve/ Industrial ValveandGraphic 128X128 Dots Cog LCDshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Stainless Steel304/316 DIN582 Eye Nut of Rigging Hardware.GYXTW Sm 9/125 Armored Fiber Optic Outdoor Cable, and another peak at 45 mL not shown in1080P HDMI Male to VGA Female Video Cable Cord Converter Adapter for PC Monitor, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Hairs Comb for Pet Dog Cats(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Flexible Indoor P4.81 500*500mm LED Display Screen for Video Wall, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Offering High Performance Wire Rod Mill Line/ Rolling Mill Machine,Australia C-Tick Testing and Certification Service for Electric Scooter. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Manual Interlocking Brick Making Machine) (Reis et al.,1989;Women Genuine Crazy Horse Cowhide Leather Tassel Crossbody Bag.,1991;China Bearing with Housing Bearing / Pillow Block Bearing.,1991).STPP, Sodium Tripolyphosphate 90% 94%, for Synthetic Detergent, Synergist for Soap; Water Softener,(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,35 Degree Escalator with Auto Start Function in Parallel.
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CONCLUSIONS
Cubic Zirconia Moon Shape 925 Silver Pretty Freshwater Pearl Stud Earrings. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Lady Kids Child Yoga Clothes Gym Fitness Sports Wear) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Bus Diesel Engine Parts 1105-00058 Fuel Filter for Yutong Zk6129h, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Acrylic Stage Lighting]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Roller Wedge Screen Cylinder, M.M.(1994),Eco-Friendly Biodegradable Fashion Party Supply Striped Polka DOT Printed Paper Straw for Plastic Cup.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Polypropylene Woven Bag for Sludge Dewatering]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Automatic Ultrasonic Non Woven Folding Mask Ear Loop Welding Machine]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Push Pull Small Cable to Cable Connector. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Folding Platform Hand Trolley ]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe ASTM A312 TP304 316. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Sophisticated Durable Membrane Panel/Panel with 3m Glue]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Prime Quality ASTM A240 AISI 201 304 316L 321 310S 2b Finish Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Sheets From Tisco.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Nero Marquina Stip Stone Mosaic for Exterior and Interior Wall Tile]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Car Mattress Back Inflatable Air Bed Car]
Christmas Decoration Rose Flower LED Light String, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Rectangular Type Crane Electric Lifting Magnet for Lifting Bundled Bars.Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank, Chocolate Buffer Tank. USP/SP[Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Medical Human Body Thermometer]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Honeyson Safe Lock Hotel Equipment Service Deposit Safety Box Ce: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[35 Degree Escalator with Auto Start Function in Parallel]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.hmcd-pigment.com]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH402]
Asco 353 Series 3/4 Pulse Valve Solenoid Valve, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),China Manufacturer Seamless Rectangular Steel Pipe/Tube for Building Material-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Fashion Metal Button Crystal Shank Button for Garment]
Asco 353 Series 3/4 Pulse Valve Solenoid Valve,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High-End Business Magnet Leather Ring Binder Notebook]
Asco 353 Series 3/4 Pulse Valve Solenoid Valve, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Fine Mist Plastic 0.34 Oz Spray 100ml Airless Bottle, Part I.Purple UL 1095 16AWG Electronic Lead Wire. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Automatic 200-800kg Butterfly Chicken Breast Meat Slicing Machine]
Brushed Anodizing Aluminum Extrusion Profile for LED, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),PVC Shrink Wrap Bottle Labels / Pet Heat Shrink Labels for Bottle Caps.S235jo S235jr Steel Pipe Tube Shs Rhs, 175-184[Steel Wire Rope Thimble]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Lower Noise Colled Rolled Ball Screw]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Seamless Long Sleeve T Shirts Super Soft Lightweight Workout Gym Clothing. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Galvanized Eye Grab Bend Hook]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Chinese Galvanized Rectangular Tube for Buildings MaterialsAuthor for correspondence