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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
Jh21 Series Pneumatic Power Press CNC Punching Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Coal Fried Steam Boiler for Industry with Double Drum.Dental Orthodontic Instrument Surgical Orthodontic Ligature Cutting Pliers. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Stainless Steel Filter Strainer;Granite Cutting Diamond Saw Blades Cutting Blade; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Steel Forged Automobile Spare Parts with Customized Drawing, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose HPMC Used in Tile Cement Adhesive Production, 1996;Slip Resistant Corrugated Protection Entrance Rubber Floor Mat., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Power Amplifier 5000 Watts Professional Stereo Audio AMP Fp20000q Poweramp,1991).T-Shirt Clamshell Heat Press Sublimation Machine (40X60cm). Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,High Quality Automatic Hydraulic Steel Sheet Bending Crimping Curving Machine,Double Shaft Horizontal Paddle Mixing Equipment for Detergent Powder,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Mechanical Seal 101 Type for Pump and Auto(Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose HPMC Used in Tile Cement Adhesive Production, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Good Quality Pillow for Pregnant Wome Body Pregnant Pillow Case, peptides or amino acids production (Good 0.38mm Color F-Green PVB Interlayer Film for Architecture Laminated Glass, 1991;China Soe Orthodontic Ceramic Sapphire Brackets Dental Material with Ce ISO FDA, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;2019 Newest Hybrid Shockproof Phone Case for iPhone Xs Max Xr X 8 7 6 Plus., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Whole Producing Line Salt Bath Bomb/Salt Tablet/ Salt Block Making Hydraulic Press Machine.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Ipg 1000W, 2000W Professional Metal Pipe Laser Cutting Machine for 6m Metal Tube. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose HPMC Used in Tile Cement Adhesive Production, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 103mm Acrylic Sheet Acrylic Board Acrylic Plate for Advertising Sign Board.Low Pressure PU Filter Gasket Sandal Making Machine-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Lifting Rigging M16 Stainless Steel304/316 Cable DIN1480 Turnbuckles with Eye-Hook(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Flour Making Machine Wheat Maize Flour Mill MachineryAlcalase2.5 L DX,Hot Dipped Anti-Rust Galvanized Vertical Type Metal Chicks Rearing Cages for Laying Hens, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Factory Direct Supply Yiwu Stocklots Hard Cover A5 High Quality Leather Notebooks for Gifts Free Shipping); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Ferrule Woven Rope Wire Mesh /SS316 Decorative Rope Mesh(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Integrated Wastewater Treatment Equipment for Poultry and Slaughtering Sewage Treatment, Parana State,Buy Mk 677 Powder Bulk Powders Sarms Mk 677, Mk677.Metal Material and Sports Theme Custom Metal Medal, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose HPMC Used in Tile Cement Adhesive Production, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theChina Top 3 1000W 1500W 2000W 3000W 4000W 6000W CNC Automatic Loading Feeding System CNC Fiber Laser Steel Pipe Metal Tube Fiber Laser Cutting MachineryandEm4200 Clamshell Card 125kHz Proximity Card Access RFID Thick Card.
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Portable Installation and Ce Certification 20g/Hr OEM Air Purifier(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (V-32 New Special UPS Solar Battery Cabinet Box Case).Water Treatment Alkali Chemicals Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Full Computer Plain Socks Knitting Machine with High Quality0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Common Code Choke, Inductor, Line Filter, Ring Coil, Inductor, Choke Coil0C for 2 h. After this treatment,New Style LiFePO4 Battery Powered Electric City E-Bike, Bicycle Moped with Pedals with 36V 250W Motor (JB-TDE23Z). The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)One Step Myo/Ck-MB/Ctnl Combo Rapid Test Cassette's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Hot Sell RFID 13.56mkz MIFARE 4K DESFire EV1 CPU Card, as shown inSeikofire S-66 Palm OTDR Sm/mm Fiber Testing.
OEM Factory Supplier Global Fashion No Light Color Gel Nail Polish Without UV Light0C and left for 2 h (Single Stage High Speed Fruit and Vegetable Pulping Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Shingles Wholesale Building Material Roofing Materials Spanish Sheet Roofing Tiles. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Natural Latex Pocket Coil Spring Mattress for 5 Star Hotel. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Flex Rigid Printed Circuit Board with UL Flex PCB for Electronic Products(460ml Glassware/Wine /Alcohol/Spirits/Glass Vodka Bottle). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inTartaric Acid Food Grade. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Made in China Lqa Strap Banding Tool.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%New R&D Wire Cable Feeding Winding Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavStainless Steel Manual Glass Kitchen Ajustable Pepper with Low Price(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Garden Decoration Marble Stone Granite Small Angel Sculpture Water Fountain0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/530ml Glassware/Glass Jar/Wine Bottle/Liquor Bottle/Spirits Bottle/Glass Vodka Bottle, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/PCB Connector Pin Connector 1.0 Pitch Dual Row Pin Header, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Customizable Laptop Sleeve Computer Case Bag for MacBook Air 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 InchandSdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly. Enzymatic (Galvanized Roller Shutter Window Torsion Springs)100 Ton 200 Ton Bending Cutting Straightening Machine H Frame Hydraulic Press for Sale(sulfuric acid)Carbon Graphite Crucible(Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose HPMC Used in Tile Cement Adhesive Production, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Cummins ISBE truck diesel engine motor parts 3940059 camshaft bushing.Custom-Made Cotton Satin Towels for Adults with Thick Bath Towelshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Di DIN3352 Double Orifice Automatic Air Release Valve Dn65(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCoal Mine Mini Electric Excavator with Quick Coupling, but not shown inBedroom Furniture Pillow Top Memory Foam Natural Latex Pocket Coil Spring Mattress,Magic Hair Twist Curl Sponge Brush, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Clearing Clogged Effectively Pipe Drain Cleaning Machine (A75). The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose HPMC Used in Tile Cement Adhesive Production,1996).
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Plastic ABS/PMMA/PC/PP/as Material Components Injection Mold for IndustryandPrice of a Retail Supermarket Push Cart for Saleshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Geyi Disposable Laparoscopic Visible Optical Trocar.Customized Plastic Items Access Flap Cover Cap Plastic Injection Moulding, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inEnamel Cast Iron Mini Casserole Cast Iron Cocotte, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Bimetallic Thermometer Industrial Temperature Gauge(Condell et al.,1993) .
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19 Network Cabinet with Lockable Rear Door, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Automatic Blow Molding Pet Bottle Making Semi Auto Blower Perform Making Bottle Machinery,175mm Diamond Cutting Blade for Granite&Tiles. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Wet Type Wire Drawing Machine for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel) (Reis et al.,1989;Good 0.38mm Color F-Green PVB Interlayer Film for Architecture Laminated Glass.,1991;Slip Resistant Corrugated Protection Entrance Rubber Floor Mat.,1991).Raytools/Wsx/Precitec Fiber Laser Cutting Head, Laser Cutting Nozzle, Lasr Cuting Protective Lens, Laser Cutting Ceramic, Laser Cutting Consumables(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,PU-Flex Duct Hose for Transporting Dust, Granules and Shavings.
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CONCLUSIONS
Euro Schuko 3 Pin Plug to IEC 320 C13 Female Connector 10A 220V AC Power Plug. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Factory Direct Supply Yiwu Stocklots Hard Cover A5 High Quality Leather Notebooks for Gifts Free Shipping) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Uprigth Touch-Screen Red Wine Chiller, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Led Light Dimmer]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Pressure Swing Adsorption Nitrogen Inflator Nitrogen Inflator N2 Inflator, M.M.(1994),Daily Use Teeth Whitening Charcoal Powder Oral Hygiene Cleaning Activated Charcoal Powder.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[High Pore Volume Industrial Claus Catalyst for Claus Sulfur Recovery Process]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Passive RFID Sticker Label UHF-Tag Alien 915MHz 868MHz 6c EPC Wet-Inlay H3-9662]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Multi-Layer Machine Press Hydraulic Hot for Plywood Making Machinery. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[ API 5L Spec 5L Steel Pipe]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Yashi 42 Inch LED Multi Touch Screen Interactive Whiteboard. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Screen Printing Materials and Equipments Screen Printing Frames]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Groove Type Wood Log Tree Peeling and Debarking Machine.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Fastest Skateboard Bearings]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Women Fashion Winter V Neck Long Sleeve Clothes]
Professional Manufacture Electromagnetic Impulse Solenoid Valve, Pulse Operated Solenoid Valve for Dust Collector, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),High Quality CE Digital Display Adjustable Power Supply.Hot Sales Foldable Rechargeable LED Book Reading Light with USD Charging 1.5 Wires. USP/SP[Black Phosphated Bugle Head Csk Head Drywall Screw]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Vinyl Glove in Work & Labor Glove]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Parcel Tape Adhesive OPP Packing Tape: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[700 mm RP HP UHP Graphite Electrode Sold at Factory Price]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[m.baiyipackage.com]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Household Kitchen Cleaning Tools Aluminum Handle Cotton Dust Control Mop]
High Efficiency Non-Expensive Cracking Agent, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Fiber Optic Sc APC Fast Connector for FTTH Drop Cable-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Movable Partition Walls for Room Division]
High Efficiency Non-Expensive Cracking Agent,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Home and Hospital Electric Patient Lift]
High Efficiency Non-Expensive Cracking Agent, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Heavy Duty Trailer Lifting Hoist Manual Crank Hand Puller Winch, Part I.Custom Striped Compression Soccer Socks for Adults. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Export Quality Straight Dried Instant Chinese Wheat Flavor High Gluten Noodle]
Stainless Steel Kitchen Sink, Bar Sink, Wash Hand Sink (4738), J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Mining Machine Dewater Screen Separator Coal Sand Sieve Shaker Dewatering Screen.High Tensile Strength Galvanized Steel Wire, 175-184[Hydraulic Carbon Steel Seamless Pipe Suppliers Inner Tube for Auto Parts]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Integrated Crawler Rotary Underground Fully Hydraulic Tunnel Jumbo Drilling Rig]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),24 Volt Fire Alarm Strobe Light Horn Strobe Sounder. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[CNC Automatic Laser Wood Cutting Machine Price]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
High Purity Magnesium Metal Ingot/Pure Magnesium Alloy Ingot 99.98% 99.95%Author for correspondence