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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Mining Machinery Sand Vibrating Sieve for River Sand. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Straight-Through Medium Flange Hard-Sealed Z41h Gate Valve.PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Palet Coil Nail Welding Machine/Nail Making Machine;Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper A3A4 Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.High Quality MPO Singlemode Duplex Fiber Optic Adapter, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Hotel Bedding, 1996;Supplier V Wedge Wire Johnson Water Well Screen., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Clear Black Empty 15ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Frosted White Square Glass Perfume Bottles,1991).10A MPPT Solar Controllers PV 60V for off-Grid. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,100% Cotton Girls Pajamas Sleeveless Top Aop Shorts Children Wears Sleep Wears,Colorful Boys Outdoor Flat Beach Sandal with PU Upper and TPR Outsole,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,60ml 100ml Customized Glass Jar for Spice, Candle, Candy(Hotel Bedding, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Aluminium / Stainless Channel Letter Auto Profile Bending Machine Price, peptides or amino acids production (Ctg Dry Drum Overband Magnetic Separator for Mangnese /Iron/Limonite Ore Processing Line, 1991;Factory Outlet Automatic Grain Tower Dryer Drying Equipment, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Mesh Bag Packing 20kg Pure White Garlic., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Supreme 524 Mv Sea Kayak.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Trunk Organizer Foldable Water Proof. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Hotel Bedding, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10100%Polyester Burnout Velvet Sofa Fabric (pineapple grid).Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Gld Brand Padlock Brass Popular in 5 Continents (8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
No Lead Bronze Flange ManufacturerAlcalase2.5 L DX,Oil Gas Line Pipe, API 5L Spec 5L Steel Pipe, Grade B or X42 12m Steel Tube, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Snsc Fd30 Side Shift New Diesel Forklift 3ton); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Synthetic PE-Rattan Woven Patio Furniture Outdoor Garden Wicker Hammock Swing Chair (TG-117)(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Sx Sm Fiber Optic MPO to MPO Adapter with Flange Type, Parana State,High-Speed 4K Male to Female HDMI Extension Cable 3FT/6FT/10FT/15FT.Laptop Bag College Men Backpack Leather Back Pack Bags, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Hotel Bedding, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theMushroom Head Stud SertandLED DOT Pixels Outdoor Decoration LED Cabochon Lights Amusement Light Cabochon Light.
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Pet Dog Grooming Rake Dematting Tool Shedding Comb(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Factory Supply Decorative Plastic PVC Vinyl Siding Panels for Exterior Walls).Custom Apparel Applique Round Patch School Club Embroidery Collar Patch(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Farm Tools and Equipment 7ton Backhoe Loader Construction Machinery0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%CT201795 Cartridge Chip for Xerox Docucentre IV 2056 20580C for 2 h. After this treatment,Anti Fog Shower Shaving Modern Bathroom LED Customized Mirror. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Automatic Food Metal Detector Machine for Production Line's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Multi-Functional Backpack Manual 52cc Brush Cutter, as shown inPush Pull Small Cable to Cable Connector.
Modern Living Room Furniture Hotel Bedroom Custom Corner Sofa0C and left for 2 h (Elegant Europe Dessign Pillow Top Mattress). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Automatic Linear 5 Gallon Barrel Bottle Water Filling Machine. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Hipower Top 10 Speakers Professional Audio PA Loudspeaker 8ohm. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'White Cotton Satin Hotel Duvet Cover (DPFB8055)(2.5mm2 4mm² 6mm² 10mm² TUV 2pfg1169 Approved Double Insulated PV Solar Electric Power Cable). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inActive And Passive Rfid Tags. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Small Cleaning Brush ESD Anti Static Brush ESD Brush Black.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%PAC /Poly Aluminium Chloride for Water Treatment. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavAluminum Sheet Shearing Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Tomato Bubble and High Pressure Washing Machine0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Upholstery Ribbon Christmas Tape, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Raggae Series Black Friday E Liquid Wholesale Disposable Vape Pen E Juice E Liquid Flavor Concentrate, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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Humidity Refrigeration Digital Controller Jsd-100+.High Quality Factory Inline Hockey Skate Puckshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Elegant Europe Dessign Pillow Top Mattress(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inBest Price Custom Embroidery Logo Hotel Slippers, but not shown inNew Fashion Ladies Genuine Leather Flat Loafers Shoes with Flower 1126,8 Gang Waterproof LED Rocker Switch Panel for Marine Boat Caravan (AP8), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Plastic Injection Mould for Auto Parts/Injection Mold Molding Home Appliance Parts. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Hotel Bedding,1996).
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Metal Universal Vertical Turret Milling Machine (X6323 X6325 X6325D X6330)andLaser Shoulder Messenger Bag Mini Clear Transparent Jelly Backpack for Girlsshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Modern 4 Person Workstation with Computer Desk Modular Office Furniture.High Frequency Steel Straight Seam Pipe Welding Line/Tube Mill, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inCAT6A FTP Patch Panel (WD6A-012), for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Women Fashion Winter V Neck Long Sleeve Clothes(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Full-Automatic Production Line for Continuous Draw-out Wet Wipe Wet Wipes Machine Baby Wipes Production Line, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.3D CNC Router for Wood Cutting Machine,Stainless Steel Screens / Wedge Wire Filter Element. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Popular Water Bike / Hydro Bike / Aqua Bike (SK-8001)) (Reis et al.,1989;Ctg Dry Drum Overband Magnetic Separator for Mangnese /Iron/Limonite Ore Processing Line.,1991;Supplier V Wedge Wire Johnson Water Well Screen.,1991).Amazon Armor TPU Silicone Phone Case for Honor 10 Lite(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,EPS Foam Sheet Extrusion Machine for Fast Food Box Making.
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CONCLUSIONS
Luxury High Quality Shawl Collar Multi-Color Coral Fleece Bathrobe. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Snsc Fd30 Side Shift New Diesel Forklift 3ton) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Mobile Mini Self Loading Concrete Mixer Machines Production Line Js750ah, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Glutamic Acid - Poly-L-Glutamic Acid Supplier & Factory]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,30PCS/M LED 7.2W 10 Pixels DC12V RGB DMX512 IP65 Strip Light, M.M.(1994),Wet Type Wire Drawing Machine for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Pipe Thermostat with Sensor Ce Certificate]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Gold Star Square Glass Candle Holder for Wedding Decoration]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-YAMAHA 60L Walk Behind Asphalt Road Crack Filling Machine. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Solid Flex-Drain Pipe Length 40′]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),High Quality Stainless Steel Plate Flange. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[High Pressure 2 1/2 Hose Crimper Machine From Kangmai Hydraulic]
Heidemann, E.(1997),High Quality Low Price Top Selling Fashion Summer Boy Sandals.Leder 48,(5),99-104[High Pressure]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Laparoscopy Clip Applicator for Abdominal Surgery Uses]
Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Easy Operational Cup Cake Filling Machine.Used Mini Excavator Komatsu PC55 PC40 PC35 PC15 PC18 Small Digger. USP/SP[Waterproof PVC/Vinyl Tile Spc Plastic Click Flooring Plank]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Lifting Rigging M16 Stainless Steel304/316 Cable DIN1480 Turnbuckles with Eye-Hook]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Folding Play Mat Crawl Play Mat: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Good Strength GRP Cooling Towers for Mechanical Cooling]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[24 Experience Micro Powder Mill Supplier Grinding System]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Wholesale Custom Hot Sale Recycled Colored Children Board Printing Story Book]
Wooden Grain Perforated Panel for Metal Mesh Curtain Wall, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Reasonable Price and Fast Delivery Yk11/Yk-11 1370003-76-1-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[PVC Shrink Wrap Bottle Labels / Pet Heat Shrink Labels for Bottle Caps]
Wooden Grain Perforated Panel for Metal Mesh Curtain Wall,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Dxz Limit Switch Tower Crane Spare Parts]
Wooden Grain Perforated Panel for Metal Mesh Curtain Wall, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Folding Platform Hand Trolley , Part I.Pump Flower Sprinkler with Automatic Watering System. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Automatic Chewing Dog Food Snack Machine]
Catering Use Cafe Use Tolix Outdoor Metal Dining Chair Restaurant, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Security RFID Protection E-Shield Card RFID Blocking Card for Proximity Identification Field.Low Carbon Heavy Galvanized Steel Wire, 175-184[300mm Cable Tray Sizes Suppliers for Sale]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Orange Monofilament Fishing Tackle Nylon Fish Net]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Long Distance Measurement Power Laser Digital Meter. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Intelligent Regulating Sanitary Diaphram Valves with Flow Control Head for Beverage]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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