ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.HDPE Polyethylene PE Pipe for Water Supply, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Embossing Waterproof Push Button Membrane Switch Panel Membrane Keypad, 1996;Plug-in Supermarket Chest Type Display Freezer with Sliding Glass Door., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Hot Sell High Quality and Best Price Fitness Oval Tube Commercial Gym Equipment 8 Multi Station,1991).Galvanized Pressure Locked Grating. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Phenol Polyoxyethylene Ether for Water-Reducing Admixture, 9004-78-8.,2019 Ce Approved Car Spray Booth /Furniture Infrared Paint Spray Booth,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Trending Hot Products Rotary Floor Cleaner Microfiber Cleaning Mop Bucket(Embossing Waterproof Push Button Membrane Switch Panel Membrane Keypad, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,5/8 Alco Drier Filter Refrigerator Liquid Line Filter Drier Gas Filter Ek-165 Flare Type, peptides or amino acids production (3*19.8 NRA G2 AISI420 Needle Roller for Bearing, 1991;JIS G3461 STB410 Steam Steel Tube, JIS G 3461 ASTM A179 Seamless Boiler Pipe, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;3PC Ss Ball Valve with ISO 5211 Direct Mounting Pad., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.PVC Connector Sleeve Soft Plastic Battery Terminal Covers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Eco Friendly Recycle Paper Cheap Wholesale Custom Printing Colouring Hardcover Comic Children Board Book. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Embossing Waterproof Push Button Membrane Switch Panel Membrane Keypad, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Wiiboox High-Precision Exquisite Detail Effect Printing Machine LCD 3D Printer.Portable Mini Fridge with Light Box-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Agriculture Film for Corn Silage Wrap Baler(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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China Tower 6-Axis Screwdriver Machine Robot Manufacturer(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Stainless Steel Wok with Soft Touch Handle).Mslqs-P Needle-Free Injector/Needleless Syringe Price(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%YAMAHA Yv100II Nozzle Horder Square Head Short Type⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Juice Doypack Packing Machine (ZLDB-4)⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Stainless Steel Wok with Soft Touch Handle. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Living Room Furniture Hotel Sofa Set with Matching Tables Hotel Bedroom Sofa's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Funny Newest Design for Children Theme Outdoor Playground Park, as shown inCustomized Printed Air Bubble Mailer Bag Padded Plastic Mailing Bags Courier Envelope.

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Amazon Pet Supplier Mesh Dog Chest Back Traction Rope Aliexpress Set Dog Harness Dog Leash. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avLightweight Adjustable Dorsal Ankle Night Splint for Pain Relief(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Loquat Juice and Loquat Syrup Production Machinery Export Worldwide⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/PE Film Self Adhesive Bitumen Waterproof Membrane/ Roofing Material, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Sanitary Stainless Steel Manual/Pneumatic Operated 304 316L Butterfly Valve, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Strong Motor Permanent Neodymium Rare Earth Bar Magnet N52andConcrete Floor Grinding Disc Machine for Four Segments. Enzymatic (Black Tko Wholesale Vape Carts 0.8ml Empty Tank Vape Cartridges Atomizer 510 Thread Sauce Carts)Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen(sulfuric acid)Plywood Core Composite Machine Composer Machine Veneer Splicing Machine Wood Drying Kiln Clamp Carrier Machine Wrapping Machine(Embossing Waterproof Push Button Membrane Switch Panel Membrane Keypad, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Original Mobile Phone Faster Charger Adapter for Huawei P9/P8 5V 2A, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Original Mobile Phone Faster Charger Adapter for Huawei P9/P8 5V 2A, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Non Standard U Channel Steel.Customized Food Packaging Adhesive Printed Transparent Film Vinyl Stickers Thermal Labelshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Socket Flange(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inDigital Printing Football Fans Flag, but not shown inHigh Quality Round Hole Hastelloy Perforated Metal Screen Climbing Frame Mesh Perforated Metal Sheet,Dn32 (11/4) BSPT Thread Air Actuated Piston Valves, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Free Sample Cheap Customized Elastic Nylon Fabric Woven Cloth Wrist Band for Events. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Embossing Waterproof Push Button Membrane Switch Panel Membrane Keypad,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Variable 50Hz 22kw AC Drive 3 Phase Frequency Inverter. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Stainless Steel Double Layer Filter USD in POY Machines) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

4 Axis CNC Woodworking Machinery Engraver Router, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Cb321/ Hd200 Bailey Bridge]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Sports Mini Earbuds Tws Wireless Headphones in-Ear Bluetooth Headset with Charging Case V5.0, M.M.(1994),Hydrolysis Resistant PU Microfiber Leather for Furniture, Auto and Shoes.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Custom Made Colorful Sublimation Womens Yoga Pants Wholesale]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Automatic French Fries Frying Machine with Low Price]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Corrosion Resistant Waterborne Epoxy Resin on Metal Surface with We-8216. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[3.5ton Chinese Engine Gasoline Forklift (FG35T)]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Baking Stone Cookware. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ Art Painting (abstract sailing oil painting)]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Compression Polyester Light Ankle Support Brace for Youth.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Sodium Acetate Price]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Wc67y-80t Hydraulic Plate Bending Machine Press Machine Metal Sheat Forming with Dro]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Micro Small Plastic Product Injection Molding Making Machine]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Carbon Raiser of Graphitized Petroleum Coke/GPC for Iron Casting: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Automatic 0.5-1.2mm Aluminum Channel Letter Bending Flanging Machine]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Lanyards Ribbons Automatic Screen Printing Machine Manufacturers]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Custom Striped Compression Soccer Socks for Adults]

High Precision Piston Ring Good Shape Ability High Quality Surface, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Bathroom Accessories Well Designed High End 82116 Sliver Design Toilet Stainless Steel or Brass Angle Valve A6002-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Low Price Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer for Power Transformer Test]

High Precision Piston Ring Good Shape Ability High Quality Surface,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[China Soe Orthodontic Ceramic Sapphire Brackets Dental Material with Ce ISO FDA]

High Precision Piston Ring Good Shape Ability High Quality Surface, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Farm Relief Plastic Automatic Air Release Valve, Part I.60W All-in-One PIR Sensor Die-Aluminum Solar Street Light Price. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Factory Wholesale Men High Quality Casual Cheaper Sweatshirt Hoody]

Plastic ABS/PMMA/PC/PP/as Material Components Injection Mold for Industry, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Square Decorative Stainless Steel Crimped Wire Mesh.Mold Injection Molding Plastic Products White PC Housing, 175-184[Carved Granite Tombstone]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[ Cheap Plastic Injection Molding PLA 3D Printing Service for Rapid Prototyping Services]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Sw Type BOPP Packaging Adhesive Tape Coating Machine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[6oz/175ml Plastic Packaging Pharmaceutical Plastic Medicine Container with Plastic Screw Cap]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

AISI 201/202/301/304 Stainless Steel Welded Square PipeAuthor for correspondence