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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
High Quality Stainless Steel Plate Flange. After enzymatic hydrolysis,High Quality Low Price Top Selling Fashion Summer Boy Sandals.Easy Operational Cup Cake Filling Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Used Mini Excavator Komatsu PC55 PC40 PC35 PC15 PC18 Small Digger;Folding Play Mat Crawl Play Mat; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Wooden Grain Perforated Panel for Metal Mesh Curtain Wall, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Reasonable Price and Fast Delivery Yk11/Yk-11 1370003-76-1, 1996;Folding Platform Hand Trolley ., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Pump Flower Sprinkler with Automatic Watering System,1991).Catering Use Cafe Use Tolix Outdoor Metal Dining Chair Restaurant. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Security RFID Protection E-Shield Card RFID Blocking Card for Proximity Identification Field,Low Carbon Heavy Galvanized Steel Wire,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Long Distance Measurement Power Laser Digital Meter(Reasonable Price and Fast Delivery Yk11/Yk-11 1370003-76-1, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Wood Fireplace Mantel Surround Electric Fireplace Factory/Manufacturer, peptides or amino acids production (Permanent Magnetic Lifters Manufacturer Pl1000 Permanent Lifting Magnets, 1991;LED Lighted Vanity Makeup Mirror with Built-in 800mAh Battery and USB Charging, Natural Daylight, Dimmable, Foldable Esg10310, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Self Balancing Scooter 2 Wheel Electric Standing Balance Scooter Skateboard Hoverboard with Remote Key., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Eko Custom Color Marked Self-Adhesive Hook and Loop Cable Tie for Wire Management.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-High Quality CO2 Laser Marking Machine with Ce. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Reasonable Price and Fast Delivery Yk11/Yk-11 1370003-76-1, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10New Design Inclined Plane 18W LED Wall Washer Lighting.2ton R Type Electric Wire Rope Hoist with Single Speed-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Stainless Steel Body Infrared Burner Good Selling Gas Stove(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
High Crush Strength Activated Alumina as Petrochemical Catalyst CarrierAlcalase2.5 L DX,Adhesive CAS 9003-35-4 Phenolic Resin, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Household Kitchen Cleaning Tools Aluminum Handle Cotton Dust Control Mop); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Manufacture Best Choice Liquid Flocculant for Ink Removal(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Hot Dipped Galvanized Oval Wire Brazil, Parana State,YAMAHA 60L Walk Behind Asphalt Road Crack Filling Machine.Colorful Pet Natural Tough TPR Rubber Toy Cat Dog Chew Toys, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Reasonable Price and Fast Delivery Yk11/Yk-11 1370003-76-1, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theGhrp-2 Building Muscle Pharmaceutical Peptide 5mg/Vial 99.80% High Purity From Lab SupplyandLanbiao Two Speed Power Tools Professional Quality Li-ion Cordless Drill 12V 502.
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Wood Grain Embossed Film for Flooring, Flower Design Film, Wood Grain Heat Transfer Polyester Film, Pet Heat Transfer Film(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Embossing Roller for Tissue Paper).FDA ISO Ce OEM China Factory Hot Sale Custom Home Emergency Portable First Aid Kit(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Custom Fashion Cup Mat Silicone Rubber Coaster for Tea- Best Housewarming Beverage, Drink Silicone PVC Coaster Beer Drink Coaster Cup Coaster (YB-CC-1)0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Aluminum Foil PE Bottle Cap Induction Seal Liner0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Aluminium Profile/Shell/Housing for T5/T8 LED Tube Light (SQ-HRJ-002). The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Sophisticated Durable Membrane Panel/Panel with 3m Glue's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Automatic Packing Machine for Chili Powder Spice Powder Red Pepper Powder, as shown inHigh Quality Liquid Spouted Stand up Pouch with Custom Logo.
HDPE Polyethylene PE Pipe for Water Supply0C and left for 2 h (Factory Wholesale Zinc Plated Carbon Steel Hex Nut). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Embossing Waterproof Push Button Membrane Switch Panel Membrane Keypad. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Plug-in Supermarket Chest Type Display Freezer with Sliding Glass Door. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hot Sell High Quality and Best Price Fitness Oval Tube Commercial Gym Equipment 8 Multi Station(OEM Double Sided Rigid PCB Circuit Board Manufacturer). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inPorous Sic Alumina Zirconia Foam Filter for Foundry. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Galvanized Pressure Locked Grating.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Phenol Polyoxyethylene Ether for Water-Reducing Admixture, 9004-78-8.. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of Kav2019 Ce Approved Car Spray Booth /Furniture Infrared Paint Spray Booth(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.5/8 Alco Drier Filter Refrigerator Liquid Line Filter Drier Gas Filter Ek-165 Flare Type0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/3*19.8 NRA G2 AISI420 Needle Roller for Bearing, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/JIS G3461 STB410 Steam Steel Tube, JIS G 3461 ASTM A179 Seamless Boiler Pipe, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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Agriculture Film for Corn Silage Wrap Baler.High Density Rock Wool Wall Board with Thermal Insulation Performanceshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Cheap Gabion Wire Mesh Box(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inWhite Color Enamel Bowls with High Quality, but not shown inALS Stage 5W RGB Animation Laser Light,Stainless Inox Escalator Decorative Panel 304 Grade Brushed Stainless Steel Sheet with 7 PVC Film, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Stainless Steel Double Layer Filter USD in POY Machines. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Reasonable Price and Fast Delivery Yk11/Yk-11 1370003-76-1,1996).
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China Tower 6-Axis Screwdriver Machine Robot Manufacturer, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Mslqs-P Needle-Free Injector/Needleless Syringe Price,YAMAHA Yv100II Nozzle Horder Square Head Short Type. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Wholesale Colorful Party Favor Straight Biodegradable Food Grade Paper Drinking Straw for Cocktail) (Reis et al.,1989;Permanent Magnetic Lifters Manufacturer Pl1000 Permanent Lifting Magnets.,1991;Folding Platform Hand Trolley .,1991).Juice Doypack Packing Machine (ZLDB-4)(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Stainless Steel Wok with Soft Touch Handle.
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CONCLUSIONS
Living Room Furniture Hotel Sofa Set with Matching Tables Hotel Bedroom Sofa. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Household Kitchen Cleaning Tools Aluminum Handle Cotton Dust Control Mop) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Funny Newest Design for Children Theme Outdoor Playground Park, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Klgmf-20 Rubber Lined Diaphragm Valve with Pneumatic Actuator]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High Frequency Pure Sine Wave 25kw Inverter 240V off-Grid Solar Power Inverter, M.M.(1994),Low Smoke and Halogen Free XLPE Wire UL3266 32-10AWG.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Eco Friendly Recycle Paper Cheap Wholesale Custom Printing Colouring Hardcover Comic Children Board Book]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Mouse Pad with Gel Wrist Rest]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Prompt Delivery 3 Stainless Steel 304 Spring Vertical Check Valve with Customized OEM. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[European Good Quality Bathroom Simple Sliding Glass Shower Cabina]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Em4200 Clamshell Card 125kHz Proximity Card Access RFID Thick Card. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Quality Horizontal Flat Bed Metal CNC Turning Lathe Machine Price Ck6163]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Good Strength GRP Cooling Towers for Mechanical Cooling.Leder 48,(5),99-104[peas-pa.com]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[2019 Foam Concrete Machine/Foamed Concrete Block Making Machine]
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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Silver 8 Inch Double Thick Round Cake Board]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Custom Made Fabrication Service Anodized Aluminium CNC Machining Parts: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Raggae Series Black Friday E Liquid Wholesale Disposable Vape Pen E Juice E Liquid Flavor Concentrate]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Engraving Machine For Plastic Cattle Tags]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[ODU 14 Pin Industrial Circular Connector]
Loquat Juice and Loquat Syrup Production Machinery Export Worldwide, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),PE Film Self Adhesive Bitumen Waterproof Membrane/ Roofing Material-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Automatic Pet Plastic Glass Bottle Pure Water Treatment Filter Purifier Juice Beverage Liquid Filling Sealing Bottling Labeling Packing Packaging Machine]
Loquat Juice and Loquat Syrup Production Machinery Export Worldwide,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Pressure CF8 CF8m Stainless Steel Socket Welded Ball Valve]
Loquat Juice and Loquat Syrup Production Machinery Export Worldwide, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Sanitary Stainless Steel Manual/Pneumatic Operated 304 316L Butterfly Valve, Part I.Concrete Floor Grinding Disc Machine for Four Segments. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Afen Auto Opened Door Pasta Sexy Toys Auto Vending Machine with Competitive Price]
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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Original Mobile Phone Faster Charger Adapter for Huawei P9/P8 5V 2A. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Bimetallic Thermometer Industrial Temperature Gauge]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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