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vol.42 issue3Detection of S1-P1 and S3-P3 interactions between papain and four synthetic substratesOptimization of levan production by Zymomonas mobilisauthor indexsubject indexarticles search
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Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

Robotic Fastening Tool/Desktop 4-Axis Screw Fastening Robot  /Instead of Manual Fastening. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Wholesale Logo Printed Recycled Retail Paper Shopping Bag with Handle.Black Plastic Drain Pipe Underground Direct Factory Price HDPE Pipe for Water Supply Large Diameter Plastic Pipe. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Stainless Steel Coil Heat Exchanger Industrial Water Cooler Stainless Steel Heat Exchanger;Stainless Steel SS304 SS316L Sanitary Hygienic Air Vent Valve; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Q35y-30 Ironworker Shearing and Punching Machine Ce Approved Q35y Hydraulic Iron, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Shenzhen Yizexin Numeric Keyboard Conductive Ink Membrane Switch, 1996;High-Tenacity Conveyor Belt/ Steel Cord Conveyor Belt., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Hanwha SMT Chip Shooter LED Pick and Place Machine,1991).ACP Aluminium Cmposite Panel Cladding Extrusions. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,New Model Hydraulic Energy-Saving Disposable Paper Plates/Tray/Coaster Forming Making Machine,Wholesale Custom Mens Heated Down Jacket,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Rectification Triming Metallized Polyester Film Slitting Rewinding Machine(Shenzhen Yizexin Numeric Keyboard Conductive Ink Membrane Switch, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Temporary Aluminum Cat Eyes LED Reflective Road Raised Solar Pavement Marker, peptides or amino acids production (New Swim Shorts Grey Mens Board Shorts with Mesh Liner, 1991;Multifunction CNC Woodworking Machine with 1300*2450*200mm Working Area, 9kw Air Cooling Spindle, Nc Studio Control, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Small Potato Harvest Machine/Sweet Potato Harvesting Equipment /Batata/Spanish Potato Harvester (factory selling customization)., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Stucco Embossed Aluminium Cladding Polysurlyn 3003 H14 Sheet in Coil.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Marine Mooring Hardware, Anchor Chain. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Shenzhen Yizexin Numeric Keyboard Conductive Ink Membrane Switch, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Laser Shoulder Messenger Bag Mini Clear Transparent Jelly Backpack for Girls.Cast Iron Fajita Sizzle BSCI LFGB FDA Approved, with Handle Vegetable Oil Nonstick-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:QJ-M Moving small manual brick making machine with low cost(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Cheap Factory Price Wholesale Mini Vape Disposable Pod Vape Refillable DeviceAlcalase2.5 L DX,Outdoor /Living Room Furniture 5PCS Aluminum Leisure Rattan Sofa Set, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Braiding Machine for Weaving Flexible Metal Hose); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Jqhsp-50*12 Trawl Winch with Automatical Spooling Double Braking(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Fashion Metal Button Crystal Shank Button for Garment, Parana State,Brushed Cotton Twill Fine 3D Embroidery Custom Baseball Cap.Small Size Deep Groove Ball Bearing, Miniature Ball Bearing (616), exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Shenzhen Yizexin Numeric Keyboard Conductive Ink Membrane Switch, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theAnimal Agricultural Damping Horse Stall Rubber Cow Matand50 Grams Ozone Producing Device for Makeup Toner Producing Plant.

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10W IP65 Dimmable Recessed Press Steel Fire Rated LED COB Downlight Bezel Interchangeable Fire Rated Down Light(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Quality 4X2 and 6X4 China Heavy Duty Tractor Truck HOWO Tractor Truck).Industrial Laundry Ozone Generator for Jeans, Linen and Gray Cloth Bleaching(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%ABC-508 Brake System Cleaning and Fluid Exchanging Machine0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Polypropylene Woven Bag for Sludge Dewatering0C for 2 h. After this treatment,China Prefab Low Cost Industrial Steel Structure Metal Storage Shed for Sale. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)High Waist Legging Sports Bra Set Custom Fitness Yoga Wear Women Athletic Wear Set Gym Clothing's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate, as shown inWholesale Colorful Party Favor Straight Biodegradable Food Grade Paper Drinking Straw for Cocktail.

Professional Factory Supply Design Cat Tree Pet Product0C and left for 2 h (Waste Tire Cutter Machine Tire Shredder Equipment Price Tyre Shredder India). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Agricultual Hand Sprayer/Garden Hand Sprayer /Home Hand Sprayer (TF-01F). A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Peb Steel Structure Building Materials H-Section I Beam Steel. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Aluminum Oxide Non Woven Polishing Wheel for Machine(Garden Decoration Marble Stone Granite Small Angel Sculpture Water Fountain). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inStainless Steel Water Tank for Filter Water in High Building. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,CAT6A FTP Patch Panel (WD6A-012).

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%LED Light Therapy Beauty Equipment for Skin Care PDT Salon Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavFamous Brand Hzs75 Modular Precast Quick Concrete Batching Plant(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.High Qualified Medical Grade Thin Wall Stainless Steel Tube0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/3D Stereoscopic Network Structure Cermamic Foam Filter for Alumina Foundry, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/High Strength New 0.18mm Molybdenum Wire, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Eco Friendly Recycle Paper Cheap Wholesale Custom Printing Colouring Hardcover Comic Children Board BookandStructural Synthetic Fiber for Concrete. Enzymatic (LPG Frying Machine Natural Gas Deep Fryer Diesels Continuous Fryer)Rubber Belt Auto Loading and Unloading Abrasive Blast Cleaning Equipment/Tumblast Shot Blast Machine(sulfuric acid)Automatic 200-800kg Butterfly Chicken Breast Meat Slicing Machine(Shenzhen Yizexin Numeric Keyboard Conductive Ink Membrane Switch, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Tct Circular Saw Blade for Grass Cutting, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Tct Circular Saw Blade for Grass Cutting, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Twilled Packaging Box PP Folding Box Transparent Frosted Plastic Sheet.Mouse Pad with Gel Wrist Restshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Picc Puncture Care Kit(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inEuropean Good Quality Bathroom Simple Sliding Glass Shower Cabina, but not shown inQuality Horizontal Flat Bed Metal CNC Turning Lathe Machine Price Ck6163,Injectable Human Growth Peptides Tb500 5mg Thymosin Beta 4 for Muscle Growth, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).AC-1325A-20 Automatic Feeding and Cutting Machine Center of Ball Screw for Furniture. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Shenzhen Yizexin Numeric Keyboard Conductive Ink Membrane Switch,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Plant Stands & Accessories Glass Hanging Flower Pot Bracket. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Braiding Machine for Weaving Flexible Metal Hose) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Automatic Transparent Film Medicine Box Chewing Gum Food Sealing Machine, M.M.(1994),SPCC Material Light Gray Color 7.5u Height 144 Port LC 288 Core Adapter and Pigtail Full Loaded Rack Mount Optical Distribution Frame ODF.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Bimetallic Thermometer Industrial Temperature Gauge]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-UF Membrane Aqu160 with Competitive Price and High Quality. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[UL Kc CB Bis Un38.3 Approved 461730 3.7V 200mAh Lipo Battery for Bluetooth Earphone]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Atf-805 Auto Car Transmission System Flushing Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Cake/Cookies/Bread Automatic Package and Packing Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),43 Glass Beads Cat Eye Aluminum Road Stud.Leder 48,(5),99-104[SKF Koyo Timken Bearing Ee435102/435165CD Ee435102/435165D Hm252348/11d Hm252348/10CD Hm252349/10CD Taper Roller Bearing]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Wire Cutting Clamping Beam for Used Sodick Wire EDM Machine]

Ss 304 316L Sintered Ss Filter Sinter Stainless Steel Mesh Filter for Liquid Diesel Oil Treatment Filter, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Hot Sales Csutomized Printed Shipping Address Sticker Label (JP-s041).High Precision C45 Steel CNC Lathe Parts. USP/SP[Mini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Oring O-Ring All Kinds of Rubber Material NBR Nr EPDM Rubber Product]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-I12 Tws Wireless Blue Tooth Headsets with Charging Box I10 Earbuds for Iphonex/Xs Max: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Mechanical Processing Precision Machinery CNC Milling Machining Plastic Accessory Part]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Double Offsets Worm Gear Flange Connection API 609 Butterfly Valve]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Pressure Swing Adsorption Nitrogen Inflator Nitrogen Inflator N2 Inflator]

CAS 9067-32-7 Hyaluronic Acid/ Sodium Hyaluronate, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Circular Magnetic Lifter for Steel Scrap Lifting Machine MW5 - 70L/1-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Pink French Loop Terry Knit Fabric for Jacket]

CAS 9067-32-7 Hyaluronic Acid/ Sodium Hyaluronate,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Omni Newest Manager Desk Office Smart Office Table Office Staff Table]

CAS 9067-32-7 Hyaluronic Acid/ Sodium Hyaluronate, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Food Grade PTFE Coated Fiberglass Mesh Baking Sheet, Part I.Beverage Cooling Cube Ice Making/Ice Maker Machinery. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Transparent LED Display P3.91 Glass Wall LED Screen]

Waterproof PVC/Vinyl Tile Spc Plastic Click Flooring Plank, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Transparent Composite Fiberglass Roof Tiles.Wholesale China Motorcycle Engines Parts Piston Pin for Vespa125, 175-184[Stackable Divided Glass Lunch Containers for Food Glass Products]

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Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Two Layer License Plates with Wide Border Embossed. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Wood Grain Embossed Film for Flooring]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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