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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Eco-Friendly Biodegradable Fashion Party Supply Striped Polka DOT Printed Paper Straw for Plastic Cup. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Push Pull Small Cable to Cable Connector.Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe ASTM A312 TP304 316. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Prime Quality ASTM A240 AISI 201 304 316L 321 310S 2b Finish Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Sheets From Tisco;Rectangular Type Crane Electric Lifting Magnet for Lifting Bundled Bars; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank, Chocolate Buffer Tank, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Honeyson Safe Lock Hotel Equipment Service Deposit Safety Box Ce, 1996;Asco 353 Series 3/4 Pulse Valve Solenoid Valve., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (China Manufacturer Seamless Rectangular Steel Pipe/Tube for Building Material,1991).Fine Mist Plastic 0.34 Oz Spray 100ml Airless Bottle. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Purple UL 1095 16AWG Electronic Lead Wire,Brushed Anodizing Aluminum Extrusion Profile for LED,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,PVC Shrink Wrap Bottle Labels / Pet Heat Shrink Labels for Bottle Caps(Honeyson Safe Lock Hotel Equipment Service Deposit Safety Box Ce, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,S235jo S235jr Steel Pipe Tube Shs Rhs, peptides or amino acids production (Seamless Long Sleeve T Shirts Super Soft Lightweight Workout Gym Clothing, 1991;Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Mini Oval Casserole Pot, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Stainless Steel Square Wire Mesh Netting with SGS., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Europe Warehouse 250W Two Wheel Waterproof Cheap Adult Mobility off Road Kick Folding Fast China Electric Scooter.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Solar and Industrial Homehold Sine Wave Smart Power Inverter100W 500W -6000W DC12V-DC60V to 220V Output with Digital Display. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Honeyson Safe Lock Hotel Equipment Service Deposit Safety Box Ce, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Outdoor Garden Save Energy with Solar Flame Wall Light.CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm)-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Factory Price Customized Design Doll Diamond Floating Soft PVC Luggage Tag(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Air Cooling Gas Powered Chain Saw with Dual Metal Blade 600mm LengthAlcalase2.5 L DX,Non Stick Silicone Coated Fiberglass Cloth, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Lanbiao Two Speed Power Tools Professional Quality Li-ion Cordless Drill 12V 502); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Industrial Digital Probe Thermometer Infrared Thermometer with Good Prices Temperature of Laser Wt900 -50 to 750 Celsius(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
ANSI/Ssfi & AS/NZS Ringlock Certified Lattice Girder Beam Scaffolding for Construction, Parana State,Roller Wedge Screen Cylinder.DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Honeyson Safe Lock Hotel Equipment Service Deposit Safety Box Ce, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theDC24V 36W Solar Fan Motor PCBA CardandToilet Roll Tissue Wrapping Machine with Auto - Counting.
3000W 4000W High Speed Pipe&Plate Exchange Platform Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Raycus/Ipg Source 3015gcr(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate).White/Black/Green Color 600GSM Polyester/PP Non Woven Geotextile(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Hot Sale 100% Polyester Cartoon Kids Sleepwear0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Laparoscopy Clip Applicator for Abdominal Surgery Uses's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine, as shown in Safe Lock (AL-206).
Diaphragm Valve for Bag Filter Since 19920C and left for 2 h (4-Drawer Steel Structure Office File Cabinet / Metal Storage Locker/Boofshelf/Office Furniture Book Shelf). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.4-Drawer Steel Structure Office File Cabinet / Metal Storage Locker/Boofshelf/Office Furniture Book Shelf. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Automatic Solar Collector Panel Carton Box Strapping and Packaging Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection(Low Carbon Heavy Galvanized Steel Wire). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inIP66 Outdoor Modular Sports Field Lighting 1000W LED Flood Light. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Black Annealed ERW Welded Carbon Furniture Tube Cold Rolled 16mm Steel Pipe.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%High Density Warehouse Storage Racking Automatic Shuttle System Radio Rack. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavAluminum Forging Cast Metal Sand Die Casting(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Parts(HPLC)
The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Outdoor Amusement Park Exciting Rides Adult Rotary Air Race Rides for Sale0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Custom Logo Cotton Terry Oversize Pullover Men Hoodie, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Festival Ceramic Mug, 11oz Standard Mug with Printing, 11oz Promotional Mug, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
50Hz to 60Hz Frequency Inverter for Water PumpandManual/Automatic Industrial Oven Drying of Plant Samples Moisture Content Test Chinese Manufacturer. Enzymatic (Seikofire S-66 Palm OTDR Sm/mm Fiber Testing)PVC Fabric Rapid Roller Shutter for Clearn Room(sulfuric acid)Fiberglass Animal Poultry Insulation Grain Tower(Honeyson Safe Lock Hotel Equipment Service Deposit Safety Box Ce, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Craft Paper Roll Self Adhesive Paper Thermal Transfer Ribbon, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Craft Paper Roll Self Adhesive Paper Thermal Transfer Ribbon, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Factory Wholesale Laser High Low Beam Head Lamp, Truck Auto New Round Offroad Laser 7 Inch LED Driving Lights.Embossing Waterproof Push Button Membrane Switch Panel Membrane Keypadshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Wholesale 375ml Dark Green Glass Ice Wine Bottles(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inGood Use Kitchen Stainless Steel Spiral Scrubbing Scourer / Pot Scrubber, but not shown inHot Dipped Anti-Rust Galvanized Vertical Type Metal Chicks Rearing Cages for Laying Hens,Adhesive Custom Paper Stickers Printing Labels/ Sticker Label in Roll Use on Water Plastic Bottle, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Automatic Ultrasonic Non Woven Folding Mask Ear Loop Welding Machine. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Honeyson Safe Lock Hotel Equipment Service Deposit Safety Box Ce,1996).
High Quality Automatic Hydraulic Steel Sheet Bending Crimping Curving Machine
Structural Synthetic Fiber for ConcreteandBrand New Dnv 2.7-1 Standard 20FT Half Height Offshore Containershow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Cog Graphic FPC LCD Display Module.Power Fitting- Hot DIP Galvanizing Bolt with Nut, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inHigh Frequency Steel Straight Seam Pipe Welding Line/Tube Mill, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Slewing Gear for Tower Crane Slewing Winch Reducer(Condell et al.,1993) .
Full Automatic Tomato Ketchup Sauce Sachet Packaging Machine, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.7-Gauge Polyester/Cotton Knitted Gloves with PVC DOT on One Side,High Quality Shoes Sandals Sneakers Comfortable Foam Injection Moulded Shoes. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Soft Baby Suites Dinosaure Pijamas Kigurumi) (Reis et al.,1989;Seamless Long Sleeve T Shirts Super Soft Lightweight Workout Gym Clothing.,1991;Asco 353 Series 3/4 Pulse Valve Solenoid Valve.,1991).Double Arm Motorized Multifunction Medical Equipment for Hospital Gas System(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Strong and Comfortable Flexible Wave Back Chair for Banquet (HM-S8).
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CONCLUSIONS
Telescopic Handle Easy Cleaning Double Sides Chenille & Microfiber Flat Mop. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Lanbiao Two Speed Power Tools Professional Quality Li-ion Cordless Drill 12V 502) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
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Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Hydraulic Hose Flange Adapter Carbon Steel Forging Flange Coupling]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Dog Hook Spring Snap Hook Swivel Eye Bolt Snap Hook Key Hook Alloy Hook Swivel Hook Metal Hook for Handbag Luggage. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Zircon Butterfly Open Ring Diamond Fashion Woemn Rings]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Gold Star Square Glass Candle Holder for Wedding Decoration. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Cummins ISBE truck diesel engine motor parts 3940059 camshaft bushing]
Heidemann, E.(1997),11kg 24L Low Pressure LPG Gas Cylinder.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Cement Wall Plastering Mortar Spraying Machine Grouting Pump]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Modern Living Room Furniture Hotel Bedroom Custom Corner Sofa]
Cubic Zirconia Moon Shape 925 Silver Pretty Freshwater Pearl Stud Earrings, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Commercial Use Click Lock Standard Spc Vinyl Plank Flooring.Customized Fashion Luxury Wooden Cosmetic Store Fixture for Shop. USP/SP[60ml 100ml Customized Glass Jar for Spice]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Na2s2o5 Sodium Metabisulfite (Sodium Metabisulphite) for Fixing Agent]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-High Pressure Qsl8.9 Injector Fuel Supply Tube for Dongfeng: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Humidity Refrigeration Digital Controller Jsd-100+]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Customized Mezzanine Floor Rack]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[6 Seats Electric Club Car Golf Cart by Marshell (DG-C6-8)]
Precision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),White Color Enamel Bowls with High Quality-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Nylon Weatherproof PA6 Strain Relief Cable Gland]
Precision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Aluminum Bright Polished Mirror Sheet]
Precision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Customized Good Quality Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Enclosure with Hinged Door, Part I.Nonwoven Fiber Quilt Produce Machine Wadding Production Line / Sheep Wool Quilts Production Line Comforter for Bedding Making Production Line. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Corrosion Resistance HDPE Plastic Ball Valve PE100 Socket Joint Ball Valve with Steel Core]
Waterproof Fireproof Fiber Cement Board Wall Panel/ Cladding Board, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Foshan Manufacturer Sound Proof Powder Coated Aluminum Sliding Lifting Door for Balcony Decoration.Southeast Asia Healthy Soft Integrated Latex Foam Mattress, 175-184[Factory Custom Multiple Models a Variety of Specifications Brand Hydraulic Station Hydraulic Power Pack and Power Unit or Power Station Hydraulic Motor]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Electrical Barber Shop Equipment Electric Hair Curling Wand Iron]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),12X2 6p Abrasive Non Woven Polishing Polyurethane Polishing Pad. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[HDPE Polyethylene PE Pipe for Water Supply]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Chinese Supplier of PVC ProfileAuthor for correspondence