ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Concrete Pump Sponge Cleaning Ball for Concrete Pump Truck. After enzymatic hydrolysis,China Supplier Steel Machine Bellows Cover Telescopic Shield Cover.Concrete Cure Spray Concrete Curing Agent. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Promotional Gifts Custom Printed Silicone Wristband/Bracelet, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Industry Mega PVC Fabric Automatic Folding Hangar Rolling Shutter Door, 1996;8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Farrowing Crate Pig Floor Cast Iron Slat Floor,1991).Manufacturer PVC Synthetic Artificial Leather for Sofa Upholstery Cover with Variety of Backing. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,High Quality Aluminum Heat Sink for Electronics Computer Electric,5-Star 100 Cotton King Size Cheap Stripe Hotel Duvet Cover,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Surprise! Range Hood Free! ! ! Juice Cart(Industry Mega PVC Fabric Automatic Folding Hangar Rolling Shutter Door, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Steam Eye Mask Heating One Eye Mask for Sleeping, peptides or amino acids production (Automatic French Fries Frying Machine with Low Price, 1991;Solar Camping Lanterns Portable Solar LED Lanterns Outdoor &Indoor Solar Lanterns with Solar Panel Separated Solar LED Lanterns, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;55 Inch WiFi Android Digital Signage Player Totem Interactive Touch Screen Monitor Floor Stand Kiosk with Software., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Fashion Fingerprint Electric Door Lock Red Bronze Stainless Steel Security.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Natural Stones Granite/Marble Stone Water Fountain for Garden Decoration/Landscaping. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Industry Mega PVC Fabric Automatic Folding Hangar Rolling Shutter Door, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Motorcycle Accessories Flexible Natural Rubber Shock Absorber / Dock Silent Buffer Block.High Security 13.56MHz MIFARE DESFire EV1 EV2 2K 4K 8K CPU RFID Card-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:T90 High Power Latching Relay Mini Power Relay(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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High Pressure Fitting Quick Coupling Hydraulic Plug(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Yashi Touch Screen Smart Interactive Whiteboard for Office).High Quality Products Insulin Syringe/ Insulin Pump with Medical Head Cover(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Refrigeration Digital Temperature Controller Stc-100A⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Boston Round 50ml Refillable Plastic Pet Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Bottle⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Women Cow Leather Handbag Genuine Leather Shoulder Bag for Ladies. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Black Color Hexagon Bolt with High Quality's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)China Supplier! ! ! Hot Sale 16mn Galvanized Steel Pipes, as shown inPrime Quality ASTM A240 AISI 201 304 316L 321 310S 2b Finish Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Sheets From Tisco.

Afen Auto Opened Door Pasta Sexy Toys Auto Vending Machine with Competitive Price⁰C and left for 2 h (Hydrophobic Excellent Thermal Insulation Silica Aerogel Powder). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Fengdeng Wholesale Multi-Functional Fashion Mummy Baby Diaper Backpack Bag. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,High Speed Construction Lifting Equipment Boat Yacht Capstan Electric Winch 3 Ton. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Back Adhesive 72W Solar Flexible PV Laminate Panels (PVL-72)(New Cisco Aironet 3700 Series Wireless Access Point Air-Cap3702e-B-K9). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inSpecial Design Cork Wood Grain Synthetic Faux PU Leather for Sandal Shoes (HT109). The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Non Rechargeable, NiMH Replacement 1.5V Lr44/V13ga Battery.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Luxury Aluminum Candy Jar with Screw Lid (PPC-AC-042). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avPolyamide Spandex Stretch Heavy Lycra Fabric 245GSM(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.China OEM 94V0 Single-Sided Ceramic PCB Prototype Multilayer Ceramic Printed Circuit Board⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Plastic 3D Printing Service, Cheap Plastic Injection Molding PLA 3D Printing Service for Rapid Prototyping Services, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Silicone Pot Holders, Trivet Mat, Spoon Rest, Jar Opener, Garlic Peeler, Non-Slip High Heat Resistant Hot Pads, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Lady Kids Child Yoga Clothes Gym Fitness Sports WearandPantallas LED Advertising Sign Full Color P6 Waterproof LED Display Billboard. Enzymatic (Prefab Expandable Luxury Living Container House Prefabricated House)Movable Partition Walls for Room Division, Hotel and Shopping Mall(sulfuric acid)Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits(Industry Mega PVC Fabric Automatic Folding Hangar Rolling Shutter Door, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials.Summer White Plastic Handheld Battery Operated Portable Rechargeable Mini Fanshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Metal Separating Gold Brass Zippers for Sale(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inDifferent Size of Ring NdFeB Magnet, but not shown inHigh Crush Strength Activated Alumina as Petrochemical Catalyst Carrier,Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Industry Mega PVC Fabric Automatic Folding Hangar Rolling Shutter Door,1996).

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Two Roll Rubber & Plastic Mixing Mills Tire Machine, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.5PCS Travel Mini Eye Makeup Brushes Set Eyebrow Brush Make up Brushes,Hot Sale 25kw Grid Tied Home Solar Panel System Kit. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Multifunctional Solar Powered Safety Hammer LED Flashlight) (Reis et al.,1989;Automatic French Fries Frying Machine with Low Price.,1991;8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton.,1991).Mini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Slide Table High-Speed Mute Aluminum Alloy Bearing Steel 3D Printing Stroke.

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CONCLUSIONS

Mini Small Garden Excavator Digging Work. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Polyglycolic Acid Absorable Suture) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Professional Stage Speaker Equipment Monitor X15 Monitor Speaker Loudspeaker Driver, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Photon Light Therapy LED Mask for Face and Neck]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine Oilfields, M.M.(1994),Mass Stock Yl10.2 Carbide Rods for Milling 45HRC.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Natural Latex Pocket Coil Spring Mattress for 5 Star Hotel]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Bus Diesel Engine Parts 1105-00058 Fuel Filter for Yutong Zk6129h]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Heavy Industry Electric Transport Vehicle on Rails. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Steel Forged Automobile Spare Parts with Customized Drawing]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Manual Interlocking Brick Making Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Potato Starch Washing Machine Paddle Washer for Potato Starch Making Potato Cleaning Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),A100-T32-S2-C 2 Way 1 1/4′′ SS316 Electric Control Water Ball Valve.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Seamless Stainless Stainless Steel Tube Wholesaler Quotes & PriceList]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ 100p]

Professional Rope/Cable/Wire Braiding Machine with Factory Price, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Direct Factory Suppy Electric Razor Barbed Wire Low Price for Fencing.Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine. USP/SP[Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Fabrication Switchgear Cabinet Factory]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Chinese Knuckle Boom Hydraulic Truck Mounted Crane for Sale]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Needlle Punched Pet/PP 200G/M2 Non Woven Geotextile: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[New Design Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Shell Pearl Clavicle Chain Necklace Bar Necklace]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[304 Turnbuckle]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Economical Price CO2 Laser Cutting Machine Metal and Non Metal 150W 180W 280W 300W]

Metal Gold Marathon Running Sport Medal for Promotion Gift, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),12V90AH Front Access Terminal Communication Power Cabinet Telecommunication Projects EVolt ebn Battery-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[8oz 250ml Disposable Paper Soup Bowl with Lid for Take Away]

Metal Gold Marathon Running Sport Medal for Promotion Gift,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[14dBi 470-790MHz Outdoor Digital UHF VHF TV Antenna]

Metal Gold Marathon Running Sport Medal for Promotion Gift, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Security Shopping Trolley Baby Seat for Supermarket Cart, Part I.Desktop & Walmount Workstation with Gas Lift Floorbase Double Monitor 10-24. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Bluetooth Sports Watch 116plus Smart Bracelet Incoming Call Pedometer Heart Rate Monitor Blood Pressure Sleep Monitoring]

Minimalism Small Portable Laser Engraver Fiber for Metal Plastic Key Gun Rubber PVC Glass Yeti Cup, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Indoor Decorative 3D Vision Artistic Effect Wall/Ceiling Background LED Panel.Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine, 175-184[Educational Toys 3D Magic Drawing Board Kids Writing Toys DIY]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Brushed Cotton Twill Fine 3D Embroidery Custom Baseball Cap]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Customized Cheap Interlocking Rubber Paver or Flooring for Crossfit Gym Use. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[CNC Machining Non-Standard Hardware Parts]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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