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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Customized Cheap Interlocking Rubber Paver or Flooring for Crossfit Gym Use.Manual Foot Pedal Hydraulic Pump. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;860~960MHz UHF RFID Adhesive Tag/Sticker/Wet Inlay/ Long Range Logistic Tag;Hot Sale High Quality Rimless New Italy Design Titanium Eyeglasses for Business Men and Women; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH402, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory, 1996;Disposable Precision Infusion Set with Filter and Needle for Single Use., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Low Price Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer for Power Transformer Test,1991).Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Stainless Steel Mechanic Parts for Lock Accessories with MIM Process,High-Speed 4K Male to Female HDMI Extension Cable 3FT/6FT/10FT/15FT,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Mining Machinery Sand Vibrating Sieve for River Sand(China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Straight-Through Medium Flange Hard-Sealed Z41h Gate Valve, peptides or amino acids production (PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker, 1991;Palet Coil Nail Welding Machine/Nail Making Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper A3A4 Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.High Quality MPO Singlemode Duplex Fiber Optic Adapter.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Hotel Bedding. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Supplier V Wedge Wire Johnson Water Well Screen.Clear Black Empty 15ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Frosted White Square Glass Perfume Bottles-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:10A MPPT Solar Controllers PV 60V for off-Grid(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
100% Cotton Girls Pajamas Sleeveless Top Aop Shorts Children Wears Sleep WearsAlcalase2.5 L DX,Colorful Boys Outdoor Flat Beach Sandal with PU Upper and TPR Outsole, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-60ml 100ml Customized Glass Jar for Spice, Candle, Candy); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Aluminium / Stainless Channel Letter Auto Profile Bending Machine Price(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Ctg Dry Drum Overband Magnetic Separator for Mangnese /Iron/Limonite Ore Processing Line, Parana State,Indoor Decorative 3D Vision Artistic Effect Wall/Ceiling Background LED Panel.Factory Outlet Automatic Grain Tower Dryer Drying Equipment, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theYc Pure White Nylon Powder for 3D PrintingandDiesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor.
Mesh Bag Packing 20kg Pure White Garlic(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Popular Industrial Sewing Quilting Machine With CO).Supreme 524 Mv Sea Kayak(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Trunk Organizer Foldable Water Proof0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%100%Polyester Burnout Velvet Sofa Fabric (pineapple grid)0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Gld Brand Padlock Brass Popular in 5 Continents 's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)No Lead Bronze Flange Manufacturer, as shown inStainless Steel Seamless Pipe ASTM A312 TP304 316.
Oil Gas Line Pipe, API 5L Spec 5L Steel Pipe, Grade B or X42 12m Steel Tube0C and left for 2 h (Concrete Cure Spray Concrete Curing Agent). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Snsc Fd30 Side Shift New Diesel Forklift 3ton. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Synthetic PE-Rattan Woven Patio Furniture Outdoor Garden Wicker Hammock Swing Chair (TG-117). Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Sx Sm Fiber Optic MPO to MPO Adapter with Flange Type(Wholesale Logo Printed Recycled Retail Paper Shopping Bag with Handle). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inAluminium Sulphate for Water Treatment and Swimming Pool. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Laptop Bag College Men Backpack Leather Back Pack Bags.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Pet Dog Grooming Rake Dematting Tool Shedding Comb. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavCustom Apparel Applique Round Patch School Club Embroidery Collar Patch(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.CT201795 Cartridge Chip for Xerox Docucentre IV 2056 20580C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Anti Fog Shower Shaving Modern Bathroom LED Customized Mirror, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Automatic Food Metal Detector Machine for Production Line, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine OilfieldsandMulti-Functional Backpack Manual 52cc Brush Cutter. Enzymatic (Modern Living Room Furniture Hotel Bedroom Custom Corner Sofa)Automatic Linear 5 Gallon Barrel Bottle Water Filling Machine(sulfuric acid)Hipower Top 10 Speakers Professional Audio PA Loudspeaker 8ohm(China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%White Cotton Satin Hotel Duvet Cover (DPFB8055), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%White Cotton Satin Hotel Duvet Cover (DPFB8055), flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Small Cleaning Brush ESD Anti Static Brush ESD Brush Black.Pet and Animal Food Extrusion Machineshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.PAC /Poly Aluminium Chloride for Water Treatment(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inHigh Level Application Waterproof Plastic Box, but not shown inKara Two-Way Dual 8′′ Line Array PRO Audio System Powerful PA Speaker,Aluminum Sheet Shearing Machine, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Electrical PV DC Solar Cable. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory,1996).
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Biogas/Methane Purification System/Desulfurization/Scrubber TowerandGalvanized Pressure Locked Gratingshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Tomato Bubble and High Pressure Washing Machine.Upholstery Ribbon Christmas Tape, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inProfessional Hot Selling Full Automatic Artificial Nutritional Rice Making Machine, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Raggae Series Black Friday E Liquid Wholesale Disposable Vape Pen E Juice E Liquid Flavor Concentrate(Condell et al.,1993) .
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2+1 Flavors Soft Ice Cream Machine with Pre-Cooling, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Costa Rica Digital Smart Full HD ISDB-T TV Transmitter TV Receiver,40A Zinc Alloy Mini Plug-in Electronics Car Blade Fuse. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Various Types of Plastic Hooks Mould From Manufacturers) (Reis et al.,1989;PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker.,1991;Disposable Precision Infusion Set with Filter and Needle for Single Use.,1991).Best Sale Low Price Household Air freshener Spray(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Factory Supplied High Strength Marine Anchor Chain.
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CONCLUSIONS
Humidity Refrigeration Digital Controller Jsd-100+. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (60ml 100ml Customized Glass Jar for Spice, Candle, Candy) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Elegant Europe Dessign Pillow Top Mattress, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[High Tensile Strength Galvanized Steel Wire for ACSR in Coil 1.57mm-5.00mm]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,8 Gang Waterproof LED Rocker Switch Panel for Marine Boat Caravan (AP8), M.M.(1994),Plastic Injection Mould for Auto Parts/Injection Mold Molding Home Appliance Parts.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Good 0.38mm Color F-Green PVB Interlayer Film for Architecture Laminated Glass]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Home Machine 2019 New Commercial Treadmill Gym Equipment]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Modern 4 Person Workstation with Computer Desk Modular Office Furniture. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Portable Mini Fridge with Light Box]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),High Frequency Steel Straight Seam Pipe Welding Line/Tube Mill. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Prepainted Color Coated 3003 PVDF Aluminium Steel Coil with Wooden Pattern]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Women Fashion Winter V Neck Long Sleeve Clothes.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Antique Roof Truss System]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[High Pressure Braided Rubber Oil Hose]
Desktop & Walmount Workstation with Gas Lift Floorbase Double Monitor 10-24, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Full-Automatic Production Line for Continuous Draw-out Wet Wipe Wet Wipes Machine Baby Wipes Production Line.3D CNC Router for Wood Cutting Machine. USP/SP[25ton LPG Tank Trailer LPG Semi Trailer LPG Gas Tank for Zimbabwe]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Hot Sale Cute Food Plastic Pet Slow Feed Dog Bowl]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Stainless Steel Screens / Wedge Wire Filter Element: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[10 Gauge Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh for Construction Using]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[2.50-4 Flat Free Tire]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[High Tensile Strength Galvanized Steel Wire]
Amazon Armor TPU Silicone Phone Case for Honor 10 Lite, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),EPS Foam Sheet Extrusion Machine for Fast Food Box Making-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Monochrome Graphic Industrial Control LCD Display Module 128X64]
Amazon Armor TPU Silicone Phone Case for Honor 10 Lite,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Customized Electric Vehicle Brushless DC Motor 1kw 3000rpm 24V]
Amazon Armor TPU Silicone Phone Case for Honor 10 Lite, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Luxury High Quality Shawl Collar Multi-Color Coral Fleece Bathrobe, Part I.Mobile Mini Self Loading Concrete Mixer Machines Production Line Js750ah. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Custom Made Fabrication Service Anodized Aluminium CNC Machining Parts]
30PCS/M LED 7.2W 10 Pixels DC12V RGB DMX512 IP65 Strip Light, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Wet Type Wire Drawing Machine for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel.YAMAHA 60L Walk Behind Asphalt Road Crack Filling Machine, 175-184[Vacuum Evaporation Aluminum Coating Equipment]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[on Site Use Psa Oxygen Plant Oxygen Cylinder Filling Machine Hot Sale]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),High Quality Stainless Steel Plate Flange. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Promotional Gifts Custom Printed Silicone Wristband/Bracelet]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Shenzhen Yizexin Numeric Keyboard Conductive Ink Membrane SwitchAuthor for correspondence