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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Made in China Lqa Strap Banding Tool. After enzymatic hydrolysis,New R&D Wire Cable Feeding Winding Machine.Stainless Steel Manual Glass Kitchen Ajustable Pepper with Low Price. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Residence Use 220V 50Hz 12kw Portable silent Diesel Generator;Garden Decoration Marble Stone Granite Small Angel Sculpture Water Fountain; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.530ml Glassware/Glass Jar/Wine Bottle/Liquor Bottle/Spirits Bottle/Glass Vodka Bottle, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (PCB Connector Pin Connector 1.0 Pitch Dual Row Pin Header, 1996;Sdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Galvanized Roller Shutter Window Torsion Springs,1991).100 Ton 200 Ton Bending Cutting Straightening Machine H Frame Hydraulic Press for Sale. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Carbon Graphite Crucible,Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Cummins ISBE truck diesel engine motor parts 3940059 camshaft bushing(PCB Connector Pin Connector 1.0 Pitch Dual Row Pin Header, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Di DIN3352 Double Orifice Automatic Air Release Valve Dn65, peptides or amino acids production (Magic Hair Twist Curl Sponge Brush, 1991;Clearing Clogged Effectively Pipe Drain Cleaning Machine (A75), 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Geyi Disposable Laparoscopic Visible Optical Trocar., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Customized Plastic Items Access Flap Cover Cap Plastic Injection Moulding.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Bimetallic Thermometer Industrial Temperature Gauge. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (PCB Connector Pin Connector 1.0 Pitch Dual Row Pin Header, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 1019 Network Cabinet with Lockable Rear Door.Automatic Blow Molding Pet Bottle Making Semi Auto Blower Perform Making Bottle Machinery-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:175mm Diamond Cutting Blade for Granite&Tiles(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Raytools/Wsx/Precitec Fiber Laser Cutting Head, Laser Cutting Nozzle, Lasr Cuting Protective Lens, Laser Cutting Ceramic, Laser Cutting ConsumablesAlcalase2.5 L DX,PU-Flex Duct Hose for Transporting Dust, Granules and Shavings, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Euro Schuko 3 Pin Plug to IEC 320 C13 Female Connector 10A 220V AC Power Plug); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Uprigth Touch-Screen Red Wine Chiller(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
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Multi-Layer Machine Press Hydraulic Hot for Plywood Making Machinery(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Cute Pink Cashmere Soft Plush Lining Warm Bootie).Yashi 42 Inch LED Multi Touch Screen Interactive Whiteboard(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Groove Type Wood Log Tree Peeling and Debarking Machine0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Quality CE Digital Display Adjustable Power Supply0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Hot Sales Foldable Rechargeable LED Book Reading Light with USD Charging 1.5 Wires. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Parcel Tape Adhesive OPP Packing Tape's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Efficiency Non-Expensive Cracking Agent, as shown inFully Automatic Dust Face Mask Making Machine with Ultrasonic.
Fiber Optic Sc APC Fast Connector for FTTH Drop Cable0C and left for 2 h ( Locking Hinge Pin). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Heavy Duty Trailer Lifting Hoist Manual Crank Hand Puller Winch. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Custom Striped Compression Soccer Socks for Adults. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Stainless Steel Kitchen Sink, Bar Sink, Wash Hand Sink (4738)(Customized Marathon Medal for Marathon Medallion). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inHand Held Transplanter. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Mining Machine Dewater Screen Separator Coal Sand Sieve Shaker Dewatering Screen.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%High Tensile Strength Galvanized Steel Wire. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of Kav24 Volt Fire Alarm Strobe Light Horn Strobe Sounder(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Best Price PVC Coated Fiberglass Mesh Insect Window Screen0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Abrasive Resistant Heavy Duty PVC Helix Suction Hose for Mining Application, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Best Selling Used Plastic Single Shaft Shredder for Recycling with Weg Motor, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Jk Long Rope Small Electric Winch 5ton for Pulling and LiftingandFactory OEM CNC Machined Gear Motor Shaft. Enzymatic (High Quality and Lowest Price of Crr920 Common Rail Injector Repair Kits to Meet Stage)Pink French Loop Terry Knit Fabric for Jacket(sulfuric acid)Custom Plastic Parts Injection Molding Lamp Shell Cover for LED Bulb(PCB Connector Pin Connector 1.0 Pitch Dual Row Pin Header, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Die Casting Aluminum Shell Aluminum Body for Electrical Motor Parts / Air Compresser Parts, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Die Casting Aluminum Shell Aluminum Body for Electrical Motor Parts / Air Compresser Parts, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
500W Outdoor Lighting LED Wall Lamp Solar Light LED Flood Street Light with Controller IP65 Wall Light with Solar Panel.Permanent Magnetic Lifters Manufacturer Pl1000 Permanent Lifting Magnetsshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Music Equipment Flight Case/Aluminum Flight Case Hardware/Guitar Effect Pedals Flight Case(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inKingdomway Brand Vitamin a 1000, but not shown inAutomatic Transparent Film Medicine Box Chewing Gum Food Sealing Machine,Electric Fabric and Non Woven Fabric Roll Slitting Machine (FQ-1600), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Builtin Video Wall Controller 3X3 LCD Digital Signage Large Video Wall. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (PCB Connector Pin Connector 1.0 Pitch Dual Row Pin Header,1996).
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Automatic Cashew Processing Cashew Nuts Shelling Peeling MachineandHot Dipped Galvanized Oval Wire Brazilshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Gsx750f Gsf1200 Bandit 01-06 Carb Repair Kit.Charateristic Natural Anodized Aluminium Al6061-T6 CNC Machined Housing for Embroidered Beauty Pen (S-262), and another peak at 45 mL not shown inHans Factory Direct Sale Colorful Wholesale Beaded Lace Fabric, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Cute Pink Cashmere Soft Plush Lining Warm Bootie(Condell et al.,1993) .
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3kw 24V 310mm Vertical Agv Drive Wheel Assembly, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Sofa Materials PU Leather with Flock Backing,Three Phase 800mm Plate Fan. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Yc Pure White Nylon Powder for 3D Printing) (Reis et al.,1989;Magic Hair Twist Curl Sponge Brush.,1991;Sdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly.,1991).ASTM Approved Popular Indoor Trampoline of Park(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Cheap Bent 6mm 8mm 10mm 12mm Clear Curved Tempered Glass for Construction Building.
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CONCLUSIONS
Adjustable Office Commercial Suspended Pendant LED Aluminum Channel Profile for Ceiling Light. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Euro Schuko 3 Pin Plug to IEC 320 C13 Female Connector 10A 220V AC Power Plug) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Wholesale Genuine Leather Credit Card Mens Wallet, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Pneumatic Elevator]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Yitai Die Making 13mm Beech Rotary Plywood, M.M.(1994),Gear Rolling Machine Zh28/25 Spline Hobbing Machine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Popular Industrial Sewing Quilting Machine With CO]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe ASTM A312 TP304 316]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-OEM ODM Custom Moulding Silicone EPDM Nr SBR NBR Acm NR Rubber Molding Molded Industrial Parts Product Auto Rubber Parts. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Concrete Cure Spray Concrete Curing Agent]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Men Ankle Business Socks Hot Mens Dress Cotton Socks Wholesale. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Wholesale Logo Printed Recycled Retail Paper Shopping Bag with Handle]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Partial Thread Steel/Iron Hex Head Self Tapping Screw.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Adjustable Voltage Mod Box]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine Oilfields]
Shingles Wholesale Building Material Roofing Materials Spanish Sheet Roofing Tiles, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Flat Car Sun Roof Tent Awning.Classic Black Color Commercial Glass Door Multi Deck Refrigerator. USP/SP[Pet and Animal Food Extrusion Machine]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High Level Application Waterproof Plastic Box]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Elisa Kits: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Kara Two-Way Dual 8′′ Line Array PRO Audio System Powerful PA Speaker]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Design Your Own Leggings Wholesale Factory OEM/ODM Products]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[QJ-M Moving small manual brick making machine with low cost]
12 Cheap Kick Scooter/Kids Scooter Scooter/ Hot Sale Kick Scooter (SY-SC12026), M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Pneumatic Control Shuttle Valve NPT Thread-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Biogas/Methane Purification System/Desulfurization/Scrubber Tower]
12 Cheap Kick Scooter/Kids Scooter Scooter/ Hot Sale Kick Scooter (SY-SC12026),M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Galvanized Pressure Locked Grating]
12 Cheap Kick Scooter/Kids Scooter Scooter/ Hot Sale Kick Scooter (SY-SC12026), M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Four Column Hydraulic Press Machine for Kitchen Sink Deep Drawing, Part I.OEM 15PCS Electric Face Makeup Brush with Ce Certificate. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Professional Hot Selling Full Automatic Artificial Nutritional Rice Making Machine]
New Styles Fashion Erotic Women Underwear Sexy Lingerie, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),on Site Use Psa Oxygen Plant Oxygen Cylinder Filling Machine Hot Sale.Stand Hot and Cold Normal Water Dispenser with Refrigerator, 175-184[Дисковый Гранулятор]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Factory Sale 25ton Sinotruk HOWO 6X4 371HP Tractor Head Truck]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),High Quality Construction Welding Rods Electrode E6013 E7018 E7016. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Various Types of Plastic Hooks Mould From Manufacturers]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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