ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Roller Wedge Screen Cylinder. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Eco-Friendly Biodegradable Fashion Party Supply Striped Polka DOT Printed Paper Straw for Plastic Cup.Push Pull Small Cable to Cable Connector. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe ASTM A312 TP304 316;Prime Quality ASTM A240 AISI 201 304 316L 321 310S 2b Finish Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Sheets From Tisco; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Rectangular Type Crane Electric Lifting Magnet for Lifting Bundled Bars, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank, Chocolate Buffer Tank, 1996;Honeyson Safe Lock Hotel Equipment Service Deposit Safety Box Ce., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Asco 353 Series 3/4 Pulse Valve Solenoid Valve,1991).China Manufacturer Seamless Rectangular Steel Pipe/Tube for Building Material. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Fine Mist Plastic 0.34 Oz Spray 100ml Airless Bottle,Purple UL 1095 16AWG Electronic Lead Wire,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Brushed Anodizing Aluminum Extrusion Profile for LED(Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank, Chocolate Buffer Tank, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,PVC Shrink Wrap Bottle Labels / Pet Heat Shrink Labels for Bottle Caps, peptides or amino acids production (S235jo S235jr Steel Pipe Tube Shs Rhs, 1991;Seamless Long Sleeve T Shirts Super Soft Lightweight Workout Gym Clothing, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Mini Oval Casserole Pot., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Stainless Steel Square Wire Mesh Netting with SGS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Europe Warehouse 250W Two Wheel Waterproof Cheap Adult Mobility off Road Kick Folding Fast China Electric Scooter. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank, Chocolate Buffer Tank, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Solar and Industrial Homehold Sine Wave Smart Power Inverter100W 500W -6000W DC12V-DC60V to 220V Output with Digital Display.Outdoor Garden Save Energy with Solar Flame Wall Light-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm)(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Factory Price Customized Design Doll Diamond Floating Soft PVC Luggage TagAlcalase2.5 L DX,Air Cooling Gas Powered Chain Saw with Dual Metal Blade 600mm Length, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Non Stick Silicone Coated Fiberglass Cloth); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Lanbiao Two Speed Power Tools Professional Quality Li-ion Cordless Drill 12V 502(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Industrial Digital Probe Thermometer Infrared Thermometer with Good Prices Temperature of Laser Wt900 -50 to 750 Celsius, Parana State,Bus Diesel Engine Parts 1105-00058 Fuel Filter for Yutong Zk6129h.ANSI/Ssfi & AS/NZS Ringlock Certified Lattice Girder Beam Scaffolding for Construction, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank, Chocolate Buffer Tank, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the2.0mm Yellow Markers for Fiber Optic Multi Patch CordandStand Hot and Cold Normal Water Dispenser with Refrigerator.

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DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Hotel Bedding).3000W 4000W High Speed Pipe&Plate Exchange Platform Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Raycus/Ipg Source 3015gcr(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%White/Black/Green Color 600GSM Polyester/PP Non Woven Geotextile⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Hot Sale 100% Polyester Cartoon Kids Sleepwear⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Laparoscopy Clip Applicator for Abdominal Surgery Uses, as shown inBack Adhesive 72W Solar Flexible PV Laminate Panels (PVL-72).

High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine⁰C and left for 2 h (Free Sample Cheap Customized Elastic Nylon Fabric Woven Cloth Wrist Band for Events). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Diaphragm Valve for Bag Filter Since 1992. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,4-Drawer Steel Structure Office File Cabinet / Metal Storage Locker/Boofshelf/Office Furniture Book Shelf. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Automatic Solar Collector Panel Carton Box Strapping and Packaging Machine(Glass Bottle Juice Filling Rotary Type Aqua Water Liquid Beverage Rinsing Bottling Capping Labeling Packing Machine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inAmbarella H22 Body Worn Camera Suppliers for Sale. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Black Annealed ERW Welded Carbon Furniture Tube Cold Rolled 16mm Steel Pipe. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avHigh Density Warehouse Storage Racking Automatic Shuttle System Radio Rack(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Parts⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Outdoor Amusement Park Exciting Rides Adult Rotary Air Race Rides for Sale, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Custom Logo Cotton Terry Oversize Pullover Men Hoodie, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

China Gooseneck Lowboy/Low Bed/Lowbed Utility Heavy Truck Tractor Semi TrailerandFestival Ceramic Mug, 11oz Standard Mug with Printing, 11oz Promotional Mug. Enzymatic (Manual/Automatic Industrial Oven Drying of Plant Samples Moisture Content Test Chinese Manufacturer)Seikofire S-66 Palm OTDR Sm/mm Fiber Testing(sulfuric acid)PVC Fabric Rapid Roller Shutter for Clearn Room(Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank, Chocolate Buffer Tank, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Fiberglass Animal Poultry Insulation Grain Tower, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Fiberglass Animal Poultry Insulation Grain Tower, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Craft Paper Roll Self Adhesive Paper Thermal Transfer Ribbon.Strong and Comfortable Flexible Wave Back Chair for Banquet (HM-S8)shows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Factory Wholesale Laser High Low Beam Head Lamp, Truck Auto New Round Offroad Laser 7 Inch LED Driving Lights(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in Leak Proof, but not shown inWaterproof Fireproof Fiber Cement Board Wall Panel/ Cladding Board,Wholesale 375ml Dark Green Glass Ice Wine Bottles, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Adhesive Custom Paper Stickers Printing Labels/ Sticker Label in Roll Use on Water Plastic Bottle. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank, Chocolate Buffer Tank,1996).

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Polyamide Spandex Stretch Heavy Lycra Fabric 245GSMandChina Safety Long Boom Mini Excavator Track Chain Hydraulic Pumpshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Automatic Ultrasonic Non Woven Folding Mask Ear Loop Welding Machine.Cog Graphic FPC LCD Display Module, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inCreative Flywheel Dial Men Watch Boys Wristwatch Fashion OEM in China, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Power Fitting- Hot DIP Galvanizing Bolt with Nut(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Slewing Gear for Tower Crane Slewing Winch Reducer, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Full Automatic Tomato Ketchup Sauce Sachet Packaging Machine,7-Gauge Polyester/Cotton Knitted Gloves with PVC DOT on One Side. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Hospital First-Aid Stainless Steel Medical Trolley / Treatment Medical Cart) (Reis et al.,1989;S235jo S235jr Steel Pipe Tube Shs Rhs.,1991;Honeyson Safe Lock Hotel Equipment Service Deposit Safety Box Ce.,1991).High Quality Shoes Sandals Sneakers Comfortable Foam Injection Moulded Shoes(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Double Arm Motorized Multifunction Medical Equipment for Hospital Gas System.

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CONCLUSIONS

Strong and Comfortable Flexible Wave Back Chair for Banquet (HM-S8). Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Non Stick Silicone Coated Fiberglass Cloth) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Telescopic Handle Easy Cleaning Double Sides Chenille & Microfiber Flat Mop, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Stainless Steel Bsp Female BSPT Btc Casing & Groove & Coupling for Pipe]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Patent LED Tri-Proof light Fixture 30W, 3FT 3000lm IP66 Approved, M.M.(1994),Single Screw Extruder for Plastic PP/PE Pipe Production Line.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm)]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Jqx62f Nc 100A 220VAC Coil Voltage Electromagnetic High Power Relay]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Packing 50ml Refill Reed Diffuser Glass Bottle with Silver Screw Neck. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Holland Welded Wire Mesh Euro Fencing /Euro Fence for Garden]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Dog Hook Spring Snap Hook Swivel Eye Bolt Snap Hook Key Hook Alloy Hook Swivel Hook Metal Hook for Handbag Luggage. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Customized Good Quality Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Enclosure with Hinged Door]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Gold Star Square Glass Candle Holder for Wedding Decoration.Leder 48,(5),99-104[m.zgnfsjx.com]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Mass Stock Yl10.2 Carbide Rods for Milling 45HRC]

35 Degree Escalator with Auto Start Function in Parallel, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),11kg 24L Low Pressure LPG Gas Cylinder.Commercial Use Click Lock Standard Spc Vinyl Plank Flooring. USP/SP[Size 000 Clear Pullulan Vegetarian Capsules]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Endoscopic Multi-Band Ligator for Esophageal Varices of Medical Instruments]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Customized Fashion Luxury Wooden Cosmetic Store Fixture for Shop: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Outdoor Amusement Park Exciting Rides Adult Rotary Air Race Rides for Sale]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Blue Color Custom Hoodies Embroidered 100% Cotton Blank Private Label Hoodies]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Self Adhesive Paper Stickers 13.56MHz NFC Anti-Theft Security RFID Label Tags for Alcoholic]

High Pressure Qsl8.9 Injector Fuel Supply Tube for Dongfeng, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Precision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Ferrule Woven Rope Wire Mesh /SS316 Decorative Rope Mesh]

High Pressure Qsl8.9 Injector Fuel Supply Tube for Dongfeng,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Water Filter System Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System]

High Pressure Qsl8.9 Injector Fuel Supply Tube for Dongfeng, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:White Color Enamel Bowls with High Quality, Part I.Customized Good Quality Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Enclosure with Hinged Door. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Durable Aluminum Flag Pole with Dome Top Tangle Free Finial]

Nonwoven Fiber Quilt Produce Machine Wadding Production Line / Sheep Wool Quilts Production Line Comforter for Bedding Making Production Line, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Waterproof Fireproof Fiber Cement Board Wall Panel/ Cladding Board.Foshan Manufacturer Sound Proof Powder Coated Aluminum Sliding Lifting Door for Balcony Decoration, 175-184[Automatic Honey/Milk/Water/Oil/Vinegar Sachet Liquid Packing Packaging Machine]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Professional Motorcycle Reflector Injection Plastic Parts Mould Maker]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Southeast Asia Healthy Soft Integrated Latex Foam Mattress. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Full Computer Plain Socks Knitting Machine with High Quality]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Wholesale Pastoral Style Rattan Woven Decorative Storage Box BasketAuthor for correspondence