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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Sinicline Custom 3D Effect Semi-Automatic Slider Metal Zipper Pull. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Fashion Logo Custom Red Merrowed Border Embroidery Twill Stitch Iron on Patches
ABSTRACT
AISI 201/202/301/304 Stainless Steel Welded Square Pipe. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Double-Screw Microwave Drying/Baking for Seafood Dewatering Device for Sale with Ce.Bodybuilding Sr9009 Oral Anabolic Sarms White Powder for Weight Loss. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Underwear Hanger Black for Girl Bra Display Light Plastic Lingerie Hanger;PVC/Pet/OPS Shrink Sleeve Used for Plastic and Glass Bottle; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Solar Power Outdoor Garden Path Yard Ball Light Lamp Lawn Road, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (High Speed Copper Wire Braiding Making Machine, 1996;Safe Durable Construction Scaffolding Plank for Building., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Different Size of Ring NdFeB Magnet,1991).Original Manufacturer Amusement Park Fiberglass Body Battery Powered Adult Bumper Car Game Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,High Quality Welding Structure,Carboxymethyl Cellulose CAS No. 9004-32-4,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Single Phase NEMA AC Motor For Blower Fan/Water Pump/Air Compressor/Agricutural Machine/Corn Thresher(High Speed Copper Wire Braiding Making Machine, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Stamping Parts OEM Gold Plated Copper Piece Copper Terminal for Battery Clip, peptides or amino acids production (150kg Per Hour Frozen French Fries Production Line, 1991;Automatic Professional LED Display Ceramic Hair Curling Iron, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;CNC Machining High Precision A380 Die-Casting Aluminum Auto Spare Parts., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.China Gooseneck Lowboy/Low Bed/Lowbed Utility Heavy Truck Tractor Semi Trailer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Vulcanizing Machine /Rubber Tiles Vulcanzing Press. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (High Speed Copper Wire Braiding Making Machine, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Belt Driven Air Compressor Parts Atlas Copco Double Hanbell Compressors Industrial Air Cooled Screw Water Chiller Low Pressure Oilless Air Compressors Low.Protein Shaker Bottle with 2 Compartments, Leak Proof, Shaker Cup, 17-Ounce-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Omni Newest Manager Desk Office Smart Office Table Office Staff Table(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
6oz/175ml Plastic Packaging Pharmaceutical Plastic Medicine Container with Plastic Screw CapAlcalase2.5 L DX,30W Electric Insect Trap Mosquito Bugs Vinegar Flies Flying Insect Killer Lamp Mosquito Insects Repellent Traps, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Plastic Microwave Lunch Container/ Lunch Box Plastic/ PP Food Storage); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Full-Auto CNC Cutting Machine for Architecture Glass Sheet(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Oring O-Ring All Kinds of Rubber Material NBR Nr EPDM Rubber Product, Parana State,Fashion Logo Custom Red Merrowed Border Embroidery Twill Stitch Iron on Patches.Hot Forming Pushing Elbow Making Machine, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (High Speed Copper Wire Braiding Making Machine, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theGalvanized Pressure Locked GratingandProfessional Hot Selling Full Automatic Artificial Nutritional Rice Making Machine.
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13 Inch Pneumatic Rubber Wheel Bicycle Wheel with Plastic Rim for Kids Balance Bike(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Various Types of Plastic Hooks Mould From Manufacturers).Professional Inkjet Printer Ultrasonic Printhead Cleaning Machine for Epson Dx5 Dx7 Seiko 510 Konica 512 Polaris Xaar Spectra UV/Solvent Print Head Cleaner(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%As568 Standard Brown FKM Rubber O Ring for Sealing0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%The Chinese Factory Directly Supply Low Price High Quality Washing Powder Laundry Detergent0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Hot Sale Beautiful RFID NFC Ntag213 Epoxy Card. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)200W UFO LED High Bay Light Fixture for Interior Exterior Applications's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)China OEM Manufacturers Supply 8 Person Golf Cart (DG-C6+2), as shown inUnisex 100% Cotton Blank Sweatshirt with Hood Pull Over Hoodie.
13.4L 22.4L Inflatable Helium Tank Disposable Balloon Helium Gas Cylinder0C and left for 2 h (Auto Spare Parts for Water Pump 19200-Rdv-J01 for Accord). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Bathroom False Plastic Board Interior Decorative 3D Wall Panels. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Mushroom Head Stud Sert. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Customized Wholesale Hot Sale Cotton/Polyester Streetwear Pullover Long Sleeve Crop Hoodies for Women(Good 0.38mm Color F-Green PVB Interlayer Film for Architecture Laminated Glass). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inBlush Container. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Fire Resistant Silicone Rubber Coated Fiber Glass Fabric Fire Blanket.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%High Borosilicate Glass Baking Dish Set Clear. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavG08p22 Newly Design Hanging Wheel 304 Stainless Steel Sliding Glass Frameless Shower Screen(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Gauge 30 Tile Red Durable Roofing Profiles PPGL Steel0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Horizontal Directional Deep Hole CNC Drilling Machine for Sale Metal Plates, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Colorful Reflective Sticker Reflective Tape, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Home Machine 2019 New Commercial Treadmill Gym EquipmentandConcrete Spare Part Electrical System Central Distribution Box. Enzymatic (Bedroom Furniture Pillow Top Memory Foam Natural Latex Pocket Coil Spring Mattress)50Hz to 60Hz Frequency Inverter for Water Pump(sulfuric acid)Metal Universal Vertical Turret Milling Machine (X6323 X6325 X6325D X6330)(High Speed Copper Wire Braiding Making Machine, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%High Quality Horizontal and Vertical Metal Universal Turret Milling Machine (X6325), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%High Quality Horizontal and Vertical Metal Universal Turret Milling Machine (X6325), flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
4X8 Waterproof PVC Marble Sheet Wall Panels Decorative Bathroom Wall Panels.Portable Mini Fridge with Light Boxshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Vvvf Golden Mirror Sightseeing Passenger House Panoramic Home Observation Elevator(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inPrepainted Color Coated 3003 PVDF Aluminium Steel Coil with Wooden Pattern, but not shown inHigh Pressure Braided Rubber Oil Hose,PVC Cabinet Construction Board, White 18mm PVC Foam Board, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).2019 New Portable Mini Dental X-ray Machine. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (High Speed Copper Wire Braiding Making Machine,1996).
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Hot Sale Cute Food Plastic Pet Slow Feed Dog Bowland10 Gauge Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh for Construction Usingshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Ss Reduced Port 2000wog 1PC Screwed Ball Valve.China Origin High Quality Food Grade Sodium Dihydrogen Citrate Anhydrous, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inHigh Tensile Strength Galvanized Steel Wire, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.China Prefab Steel Building for Garment Factory(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Dark Blue Color Texture Indoor Swimming Pool Glass Mosaic Tile, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Cable Tray with ′t′ Slots,10 Gauge Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh for Construction Using. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Customized Electric Vehicle Brushless DC Motor 1kw 3000rpm 24V) (Reis et al.,1989;150kg Per Hour Frozen French Fries Production Line.,1991;Safe Durable Construction Scaffolding Plank for Building.,1991).High Quality Factory Inline Hockey Skate Puck(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,0.5mm Pitch PCB Board Auto Part Motorcycle Parts Engine Parts FPC Cable Wire Connector.
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CONCLUSIONS
201 301 304 Embossed Checkered Plate Stainless Steel Coil/Sheet. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Plastic Microwave Lunch Container/ Lunch Box Plastic/ PP Food Storage) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Disposable PS Foam Fast Food Box Making Machine, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[High Quality Reach Driver Storage Travel Hanging Car Seat Organizer (AKB084)]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Suoer 12V 220V 3000W Pure Sine Wave Inverter (FPC-D3000A), M.M.(1994),Best Stereo Amplifier Sound System Amplifier Price Fp22000q PRO Audio Power AMP.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Promotional Gifts Custom Printed Silicone Wristband/Bracelet]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Shenzhen Yizexin Numeric Keyboard Conductive Ink Membrane Switch]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Foska Good Quality Plastic Stapler Set with Staples. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[High Quality Stainless Steel Plate Flange]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Best Selling Counter Balance Forklift 3 Ton LPG Forklift Truck. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Aluminium Profile/Shell/Housing for T5/T8 LED Tube Light (SQ-HRJ-002)]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Hotel SPA Swimming Pool, Sport Room, Bathroom Towel.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Rotary Hydraulic Cylinder Rotary Actuator Manufacturer]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Supplier V Wedge Wire Johnson Water Well Screen]
CAS 55268741 Factory Supply Veterinary API UPS Praziquantel 99%Tc, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Powerful Cleaning Colorful Scouring Pad for Kitchen Use.500t Plywood Hot Press Woodworking Machine (12-25 layers). USP/SP[Chinese Herb Medicine Angelica Root Extract]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-10ml Round Clear Nail Polish Bottle with Brush Cap: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Energy Saving Small Air Conitioner Air Source Heat Pump Manufacturer]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[8mm Reflective Heat Strengthed Ceramic Firt Glass Panels]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Paper Sticky Lint Remover Roller/Pet Hair Roller]
Full Automatic 4000b/h 500ml Plastic Jar Making Machine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Aluminum Can Automatic Juice Beer Soda Filling Packing Canning Machine-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Mining Machine Dewater Screen Separator Coal Sand Sieve Shaker Dewatering Screen]
Full Automatic 4000b/h 500ml Plastic Jar Making Machine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Good Quality 3.8 6 8 Inch Resistant Rubber Tire Dog Chew Toy with Handle Rope for Pets]
Full Automatic 4000b/h 500ml Plastic Jar Making Machine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:5L, 8L, 10L, 20L, 50L, 100L Laboratory Cone Shape Dry Powder Mixer /Blending /Mixing /Blend /Blender Machine, Part I.PCB18h 8p8c Modular Plug with Shield Head RJ45 Connector. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Colorful 100% Cotton Hotel Face Towels]
Hermetic Sliding Lead Door, X Ray Room Door, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Laundry Used Gas Water Heater with CE/Asme Certificate.15W Aquarium Submersible UV Lamp Durable Germicidal Lamp, 175-184[Stainless Steel Square Pipe (304L 321 316)]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Fashion Logo Custom Red Merrowed Border Embroidery Twill Stitch Iron on Patches]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),2019 Hot Sales Comfortable Mesh Chair Computer Staff Chair Ow-J219b. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Best Selling Colorful Branded Custom Logo Polarized Sunglasses Women Men 2018 Fashion UV400 Cat3 Mirrored Sun Shade Glasses]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
China Manufacturer Seamless Rectangular Steel Pipe/Tube for Building MaterialAuthor for correspondence