ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

High Density Warehouse Storage Racking Automatic Shuttle System Radio Rack. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Aluminum Forging Cast Metal Sand Die Casting.ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Parts. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Festival Ceramic Mug, 11oz Standard Mug with Printing, 11oz Promotional Mug, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Manual/Automatic Industrial Oven Drying of Plant Samples Moisture Content Test Chinese Manufacturer, 1996;Seikofire S-66 Palm OTDR Sm/mm Fiber Testing., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (PVC Fabric Rapid Roller Shutter for Clearn Room,1991).Fiberglass Animal Poultry Insulation Grain Tower. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Craft Paper Roll Self Adhesive Paper Thermal Transfer Ribbon,Factory Wholesale Laser High Low Beam Head Lamp, Truck Auto New Round Offroad Laser 7 Inch LED Driving Lights,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Wholesale 375ml Dark Green Glass Ice Wine Bottles(Manual/Automatic Industrial Oven Drying of Plant Samples Moisture Content Test Chinese Manufacturer, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Adhesive Custom Paper Stickers Printing Labels/ Sticker Label in Roll Use on Water Plastic Bottle, peptides or amino acids production (Automatic Ultrasonic Non Woven Folding Mask Ear Loop Welding Machine, 1991;Cog Graphic FPC LCD Display Module, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Power Fitting- Hot DIP Galvanizing Bolt with Nut., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Slewing Gear for Tower Crane Slewing Winch Reducer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Full Automatic Tomato Ketchup Sauce Sachet Packaging Machine. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Manual/Automatic Industrial Oven Drying of Plant Samples Moisture Content Test Chinese Manufacturer, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰7-Gauge Polyester/Cotton Knitted Gloves with PVC DOT on One Side.High Quality Shoes Sandals Sneakers Comfortable Foam Injection Moulded Shoes-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Double Arm Motorized Multifunction Medical Equipment for Hospital Gas System(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Gold Star Square Glass Candle Holder for Wedding Decoration(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Quality Cotton Cover with Polyester Microfiber Filling Comforter Duvet).11kg 24L Low Pressure LPG Gas Cylinder(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Commercial Use Click Lock Standard Spc Vinyl Plank Flooring⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Customized Fashion Luxury Wooden Cosmetic Store Fixture for Shop⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,High Pressure Qsl8.9 Injector Fuel Supply Tube for Dongfeng. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Precision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)White Color Enamel Bowls with High Quality, as shown in3kw 24V 310mm Vertical Agv Drive Wheel Assembly.

Customized Good Quality Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Enclosure with Hinged Door⁰C and left for 2 h (Tcn Sex Toy Vending Machines for Sale S800-10). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Nonwoven Fiber Quilt Produce Machine Wadding Production Line / Sheep Wool Quilts Production Line Comforter for Bedding Making Production Line. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Waterproof Fireproof Fiber Cement Board Wall Panel/ Cladding Board. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Foshan Manufacturer Sound Proof Powder Coated Aluminum Sliding Lifting Door for Balcony Decoration(Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in6.5HP Hand Push Road Marking Machine. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Southeast Asia Healthy Soft Integrated Latex Foam Mattress.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%12X2 6p Abrasive Non Woven Polishing Polyurethane Polishing Pad. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avWater Filter System Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Cabinet Shelf Support Pin Furniture Hardware Fittings⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Reasonable Price High Quality Nylon Cable Gland, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Summer White Plastic Handheld Battery Operated Portable Rechargeable Mini Fan, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

OEM Factory Supplier Global Fashion No Light Color Gel Nail Polish Without UV LightandDisposable Anesthesia Breathing Circuit Tube. Enzymatic (High Quality Cheaper Sea Water Magnetic Flow Meter Flange Type)Volvo Truck Spare Parts Fuel Filter/Caterpillar Filter Element(sulfuric acid)New Fashion Ladies Genuine Leather Flat Loafers Shoes with Flower 1126(Manual/Automatic Industrial Oven Drying of Plant Samples Moisture Content Test Chinese Manufacturer, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Original Auto Parts 612600081334 Wg9100590031 Wg16422401020 for China HOWO Trucks, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Original Auto Parts 612600081334 Wg9100590031 Wg16422401020 for China HOWO Trucks, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

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Test Inspect High Precision Nuts Go-Nogo Fixed Gauges Machine Tapping Machine, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.60PCS/M LED 14.4W 20 Pixels DC12V RGB DMX512 IP65 Line Light,Solar Energy Storad Power Generation System. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors ( Locking Hinge Pin) (Reis et al.,1989;Automatic Ultrasonic Non Woven Folding Mask Ear Loop Welding Machine.,1991;Seikofire S-66 Palm OTDR Sm/mm Fiber Testing.,1991).110V 140W Electric AC Induction Gear Motor (61K140GU-AFJ/6GU25K)(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Custom Aluminum Cover Frame Half Aluminum Cover Profile.

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CONCLUSIONS

Tire Rubber Powder Recycling Equipment for Sale Truck Tires Rubber Shredding Facility. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Patent LED Tri-Proof light Fixture 30W, 3FT 3000lm IP66 Approved) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

DC24V 36W Solar Fan Motor PCBA Card, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Mtuf-PVC PVDF Pss Fiber UF Membrane]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,New Monocular Hunting Wargame Mini Scope Digital Night Vision, M.M.(1994),Dual Function Double Use Both Cut Steel Sheet and Pipe Tube Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Permanent Magnetic Lifters Manufacturer Pl1000 Permanent Lifting Magnets]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Kingdomway Brand Vitamin a 1000]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Atlas Copco Ga VSD Air Screw Air Compressor High Quality Stationary Electric Screw Air Compressor. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Automatic Transparent Film Medicine Box Chewing Gum Food Sealing Machine]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Italy Design Good Quality Hydraulic Motorcycle Lift Table. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Adhesive Powder for Skim Coat/Wall Putty HPMC]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Wholesale Menthol E Liquid E Juice for EGO E Cigarettes.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Factory Price Extruded Aluminium Round Tube Aluminium Pipe]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Automatic Cashew Processing Cashew Nuts Shelling Peeling Machine]

Automatic Solar Collector Panel Carton Box Strapping and Packaging Machine, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Biodegradable Kraft Paper Soup Cup Instant Noodles Bowls with Lids.New Cisco Aironet 3700 Series Wireless Access Point Air-Cap3702e-B-K9. USP/SP[Hot Dipped Galvanized Oval Wire Brazil]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Hans Factory Direct Sale Colorful Wholesale Beaded Lace Fabric]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Portable Telescopic Straw Metal Drinking Straw with Brush Case: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Clear Black Empty 15ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Frosted White Square Glass Perfume Bottles]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[45 Degree Wood Cutting Panel Saw Sliding Semi-Automatic with Scoring Saw Blade]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Yc Pure White Nylon Powder for 3D Printing]

Frameless Sliding Shower Enclosure in Bathroom with 8mm Clear Glass and Stainless Steel Hardware, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Etching Rear Trunk Sill Plates for Hyundai Tucson-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor]

Frameless Sliding Shower Enclosure in Bathroom with 8mm Clear Glass and Stainless Steel Hardware,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[CNC Turning Center]

Frameless Sliding Shower Enclosure in Bathroom with 8mm Clear Glass and Stainless Steel Hardware, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Quality Horizontal Flat Bed Metal CNC Turning Lathe Machine Price Ck6163, Part I.Lab Equipment Sr Paper Pulp Beating Freeness Test Machine. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Popular Industrial Sewing Quilting Machine With CO]

CREE COB Meanwell Driver Walkway Lamp 45W LED Canopy, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Car Spare Parts Eco-Friendly Stitch Car Foot Mats for Newest Nissan Altima.Popular Water Bike / Hydro Bike / Aqua Bike (SK-8001), 175-184[m.antpackaging.com]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe ASTM A312 TP304 316]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Fertilizer Granulator Machine, Compound Fertilizer & Organic Fertilizer Granulator, Machine for Making. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Concrete Cure Spray Concrete Curing Agent]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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