ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

China Supplier Steel Machine Bellows Cover Telescopic Shield Cover. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Concrete Cure Spray Concrete Curing Agent.Automatic Chewing Dog Food Snack Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Industry Mega PVC Fabric Automatic Folding Hangar Rolling Shutter Door, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton, 1996;Farrowing Crate Pig Floor Cast Iron Slat Floor., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Manufacturer PVC Synthetic Artificial Leather for Sofa Upholstery Cover with Variety of Backing,1991).High Quality Aluminum Heat Sink for Electronics Computer Electric. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,5-Star 100 Cotton King Size Cheap Stripe Hotel Duvet Cover,Surprise! Range Hood Free! ! ! Juice Cart,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Steam Eye Mask Heating One Eye Mask for Sleeping(8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Automatic French Fries Frying Machine with Low Price, peptides or amino acids production (Solar Camping Lanterns Portable Solar LED Lanterns Outdoor &Indoor Solar Lanterns with Solar Panel Separated Solar LED Lanterns, 1991;55 Inch WiFi Android Digital Signage Player Totem Interactive Touch Screen Monitor Floor Stand Kiosk with Software, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Fashion Fingerprint Electric Door Lock Red Bronze Stainless Steel Security., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Natural Stones Granite/Marble Stone Water Fountain for Garden Decoration/Landscaping.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Motorcycle Accessories Flexible Natural Rubber Shock Absorber / Dock Silent Buffer Block. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰High Security 13.56MHz MIFARE DESFire EV1 EV2 2K 4K 8K CPU RFID Card.T90 High Power Latching Relay Mini Power Relay-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Customizable Laptop Sleeve Computer Case Bag for MacBook Air 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Inch(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Aluminum Mould Shoe Mould Making CNC Milling Router Machine, Parana State,Concrete Pump Sponge Cleaning Ball for Concrete Pump Truck.High Pressure Fitting Quick Coupling Hydraulic Plug, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the2 Round Sash Pulley for Chain - Brass (PVD)andCustomized 8 Layers Round LED Panel Aluminum PCB for LED Light.

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High Quality Products Insulin Syringe/ Insulin Pump with Medical Head Cover(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Factory Direct Supply Yiwu Stocklots Hard Cover A5 High Quality Leather Notebooks for Gifts Free Shipping).Refrigeration Digital Temperature Controller Stc-100A(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Boston Round 50ml Refillable Plastic Pet Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Bottle⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Women Cow Leather Handbag Genuine Leather Shoulder Bag for Ladies⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Black Color Hexagon Bolt with High Quality. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)China Supplier! ! ! Hot Sale 16mn Galvanized Steel Pipes's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Afen Auto Opened Door Pasta Sexy Toys Auto Vending Machine with Competitive Price, as shown inFestival Ceramic Mug.

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Polyamide Spandex Stretch Heavy Lycra Fabric 245GSM. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avSingle Stage High Speed Fruit and Vegetable Pulping Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Plastic 3D Printing Service, Cheap Plastic Injection Molding PLA 3D Printing Service for Rapid Prototyping Services⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Silicone Pot Holders, Trivet Mat, Spoon Rest, Jar Opener, Garlic Peeler, Non-Slip High Heat Resistant Hot Pads, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Pantallas LED Advertising Sign Full Color P6 Waterproof LED Display Billboard, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

FlyandPrefab Expandable Luxury Living Container House Prefabricated House. Enzymatic (Movable Partition Walls for Room Division, Hotel and Shopping Mall)Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits(sulfuric acid)Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools(8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Metal Separating Gold Brass Zippers for Sale.Offering High Performance Wire Rod Mill Line/ Rolling Mill Machineshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCable Tray with ′t′ Slots, but not shown inRefrigeration Digital Temperature Controller Stc-100A,OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).BA Finished Seamless Stainless Steel Tube (304, 304L, 316, 316L). The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Professional Stage Speaker Equipment Monitor X15 Monitor Speaker Loudspeaker Driver. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (No. 1062 20PCS Tools) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine Oilfields, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[High Temperature Disc Magnet Ferrite Magnet]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Mass Stock Yl10.2 Carbide Rods for Milling 45HRC, M.M.(1994),Heavy Industry Electric Transport Vehicle on Rails.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Factory Supply Cheap Price Custom Logo Genuine Leather Mens Wallets]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Pond Self Priming Booster Pressure Water Pump with Check Valve]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Manual Interlocking Brick Making Machine. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Hot Sale High Quality Rimless New Italy Design Titanium Eyeglasses for Business Men and Women]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),A100-T32-S2-C 2 Way 1 1/4′′ SS316 Electric Control Water Ball Valve. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Foska Good Quality Plastic Stapler Set with Staples]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Direct Factory Suppy Electric Razor Barbed Wire Low Price for Fencing.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Colored Molding Rubber O Shape Ring]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Straight-Through Medium Flange Hard-Sealed Z41h Gate Valve]

Aluminum PCB Circuit Board SMD PCBA LED PCB, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine.Needlle Punched Pet/PP 200G/M2 Non Woven Geotextile. USP/SP[Office Furniture Chair MID-Back Mesh Ergonomic Office Staff Chair]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Metal Gold Marathon Running Sport Medal for Promotion Gift: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[13.4L 22.4L Inflatable Helium Tank Disposable Balloon Helium Gas Cylinder]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Embroidery Baseball Caps]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Water Meter Spare Parts Rubber Rings for Sealing]

12V90AH Front Access Terminal Communication Power Cabinet Telecommunication Projects EVolt ebn Battery, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Security Shopping Trolley Baby Seat for Supermarket Cart-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Electric Fabric and Non Woven Fabric Roll Slitting Machine (FQ-1600)]

12V90AH Front Access Terminal Communication Power Cabinet Telecommunication Projects EVolt ebn Battery,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Quality Construction Welding Rods Electrode E6013 E7018 E7016]

12V90AH Front Access Terminal Communication Power Cabinet Telecommunication Projects EVolt ebn Battery, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Desktop & Walmount Workstation with Gas Lift Floorbase Double Monitor 10-24, Part I.Minimalism Small Portable Laser Engraver Fiber for Metal Plastic Key Gun Rubber PVC Glass Yeti Cup. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[10ml Round Clear Nail Polish Bottle with Brush Cap]

Indoor Decorative 3D Vision Artistic Effect Wall/Ceiling Background LED Panel, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine.Customized Cheap Interlocking Rubber Paver or Flooring for Crossfit Gym Use, 175-184[OEM 37PCS Ratchet Screwdriver Set Hand Tools]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[12X2 6p Abrasive Non Woven Polishing Polyurethane Polishing Pad]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Manual Foot Pedal Hydraulic Pump. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Ideabond Stone Texture ACP Aluminum Composite Panel for Outdoor]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

CNC Machining Turning Anodized Aluminum Worm GearAuthor for correspondence