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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Folding Round Picnic Caravan Table RV Picnic Table Camping Table. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Maxdrill 64mm T38 Thread Button Drill Bit Top Hammer Drill Rock Mining Bits.3HP Industrial Cooling System Water Cooled Chiller. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;OEM/ODM Custom Made Muslim Bridal Wedding Gown Dress;Wood Veneer Peeling and Clipping Combined Machine; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Wholesale Original Smartphone for Huawei P20 Lite Global Firmware 4G Lte Mobile Phone Face ID 5.84 Screen Android 8.0 Front Camera 4GB 128GB ROM Cellphone, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Wholesale High Quality Decoration Oil Painting, Home Decoration Painting, Art Painting (abstract sailing oil painting), 1996;Si3n4 Full Ceramic Bearing 608 Size 8X22X7., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (32W Dimmable Interior Ceiling LED Recessed/Flush Can/Spot Down Lights for Office/Hotels/Shopping Mall,1991).Kara Two-Way Dual 8′′ Line Array PRO Audio System Powerful PA Speaker. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Corrugated Board Production Line,Magnesium Sulphate/ Chemical Fertilizer Magnesium / Aquaculture Addtive,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Car Air Conditional Compressor Magetic Clutch 5pk(Wholesale High Quality Decoration Oil Painting, Home Decoration Painting, Art Painting (abstract sailing oil painting), 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Quality Engieered Veneer Faced Commericial Plywood, peptides or amino acids production (Hex Thin Head Nut, 1991;Pharmaceutical Peptide Ghrp 2 Acetate CAS158861-67-7 Ghrp-2, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Big Capacity Crystal Clear Glass Wine Bottle with Screw Cap., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Spare Parts for Caterpillar Construction Machinery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Hpa Tank Refill Scuba Tank Air Fill Adapter Gas Transfer for Diving High Pressure Tank. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Wholesale High Quality Decoration Oil Painting, Home Decoration Painting, Art Painting (abstract sailing oil painting), 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 1050 Grams Ozone Producing Device for Makeup Toner Producing Plant.Flat Pack Temperary Container House 20FT 40FT-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Sweat Suit for Women Three Piece Tracksuit(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Strip /Coils 410/430/409Alcalase2.5 L DX,FRP Water Tank GRP Fishing Tanks From Factory Supply, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Decorative House Stone Coated Metal Roof Tile); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Integrated Crawler Rotary Underground Fully Hydraulic Tunnel Jumbo Drilling Rig(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
6LTR Stainless Steel Foam Empty Fire Extinguisher Cylinder, Parana State,China Cheap Polarized Sunglasses Hot Sale Metal Sunglasses.Laser Marker Animal Ear Tag Optical Fiber Laser Marking Machine System, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Wholesale High Quality Decoration Oil Painting, Home Decoration Painting, Art Painting (abstract sailing oil painting), 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theNon Stick Silicone Coated Fiberglass Clothand40A C Electronic Air Circuit Breaker with Dz47-4p.
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Sachets Powder Coffee Stick Powder Bag Salt Packaging Packing Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (3*19.8 NRA G2 AISI420 Needle Roller for Bearing).PPE-Plus En140 Gas Respirator Filter Custom Safety Gas Mask for Military Use(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Blue Steel Packing Strip0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Quality Powder and Wax Brush with Wooden Handle0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Cheap Price Paper Straws Individually Wrapped Drinking Straw. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)ASTM 304 304L Stainless Steel Sheet with Best Prices and High Quality's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Hot Sale Wood Grain Decorative Paper for Laminated Door/ Melamine Paper for MDF, as shown inTemporary Aluminum Cat Eyes LED Reflective Road Raised Solar Pavement Marker.
Flexible Polyurethane Tube PU Spring Coil Hose Pneumatic Colorful Spiral Hose0C and left for 2 h (500 Tons Hydraulic Power Double Action Press with Cushion). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Smelting and Heating Induction Machine (GW-HY187). A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Flakes 90% Purity Best Price Qingdao Hiseachem. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Home Products 16′ Perforated Flex Pipe(Sanhe FC-2 Poultry Air Vent). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inGym Body Building TPE Non Slip Yoga Mat. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,1220 Fork Length 3-Wheel Electric Forklift Truck.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Hidrotek Portable Suitcase Design Reverse Osmosis Demo Kits. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavFM USB Radio Audio Power Amplifier for Home Bar Club(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Hot Sell Mechanical Bar Screen for Water Treatment0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Glow Powder for Luminous Coating, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/700 mm RP HP UHP Graphite Electrode Sold at Factory Price, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
China OEM 94V0 Single-Sided Ceramic PCB Prototype Multilayer Ceramic Printed Circuit BoardandFoton Right Hand Drive High Efficiency Suction Pump Sewer Scavenger 2000L Small Sewage Suction Truck. Enzymatic (Union Metal Steel Building and Construction Material)Factory Directly Supply 10HP Air Cooled Water Chiller Best Price Industrial Chiller(sulfuric acid)450ml Sublimation Stainless Steel Milk Bottle (Colorful)(Wholesale High Quality Decoration Oil Painting, Home Decoration Painting, Art Painting (abstract sailing oil painting), 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Lower Noise Colled Rolled Ball Screw, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Lower Noise Colled Rolled Ball Screw, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Sphere Earth Permanent Magnets 216PCS 5mm Neodymium Cube Balls.Farm Relief Plastic Automatic Air Release Valveshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.3.0kw Spindle CNC Router with Certificate for Woodworking(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inKh No Fried Automatic Potato Chips Making Machines, but not shown inSolar Energy Storad Power Generation System,800W Electric Motor Price Lawn Mower Motor Concrete Mixer, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Air Cooled Split Type Ducted Air Conditioner AC Unit. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Wholesale High Quality Decoration Oil Painting, Home Decoration Painting, Art Painting (abstract sailing oil painting),1996).
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6 12 18 10 Lead Raw ECG Electrode Cable Placement Used for Patient ECG MonitoringandModern Office Ergonomic Executive Leather Swivel Office Chair (HC-Venlo)show the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Hans Factory Direct Sale Colorful Wholesale Beaded Lace Fabric.High Quality Cotton Cover with Polyester Microfiber Filling Comforter Duvet, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inElectrical Stationary Hoist Tower Crane 500kg Motor, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Gym Fitness Equipment Adjustable Weight Bench(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Factory Sell P7.8 Transparent LED Display Screen, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Automatic Hotel Laundry Equipment Bed Sheet Folding Machine (ZD3000-V),Original Weichai Engine Truck Spare Parts Valve Cap 61500050105. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (FM USB Radio Audio Power Amplifier for Home Bar Club) (Reis et al.,1989;Hex Thin Head Nut.,1991;Si3n4 Full Ceramic Bearing 608 Size 8X22X7.,1991).Sliding Panel Saw Heavy Duty CNC Band Saw for Furniture Ban Resaw Machine for Lumber, Round Log Slinding Sawmill, Band Resaw for Lumber(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Ceramic Edge Protection Profiles Decorative Ceramic Metal Tile Trim.
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CONCLUSIONS
Charms for Jewelry Making (Sold Per Bag 10PCS Inside). Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Decorative House Stone Coated Metal Roof Tile) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Various Types of Plastic Hooks Mould From Manufacturers, M.M.(1994),New Wholesale Bamboo Plastic Pet Bottle Square Shoulder 250ml Pet Bottle Rectangle Bottle.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Hydrophobic Excellent Thermal Insulation Silica Aerogel Powder]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[New Cisco Aironet 3700 Series Wireless Access Point Air-Cap3702e-B-K9]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-10kv Electrical Power Transmission Galvanized Steel Tubular Mono Pole Tower. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Lady Kids Child Yoga Clothes Gym Fitness Sports Wear]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Special Flower Shaped Sterling Silver Cubic Zirconia Earring for Lady Wedding Gift. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Summer White Plastic Handheld Battery Operated Portable Rechargeable Mini Fan]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Waste Tire Cutter Machine Tire Shredder Equipment Price Tyre Shredder India.Leder 48,(5),99-104[www.zgnfsjx.com]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Different Size of Ring NdFeB Magnet]
Residential Reverse Osmosis 0.0001um Water Filter Water Filtration, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Soft Baby Suites Dinosaure Pijamas Kigurumi.Ghrp-2 Building Muscle Pharmaceutical Peptide 5mg/Vial 99.80% High Purity From Lab Supply. USP/SP[High Crush Strength Activated Alumina as Petrochemical Catalyst Carrier]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Slewing Gear for Tower Crane Slewing Winch Reducer]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-High Density Celuca Kitchen Cabinets PVC Foam Board: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[LPG Frying Machine Natural Gas Deep Fryer Diesels Continuous Fryer]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[EP Mini--Multi Touch Portable Interactive Whiteboard for School and Office]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Mechanical Seal 101 Type for Pump and Auto]
2mm Mirror Glass/Coated Glass for LED, LCD, Computer Screen etc, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),E171 Standrad Titanium Dioxide Food Grade A200-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Outdoor Garden Save Energy with Solar Flame Wall Light]
2mm Mirror Glass/Coated Glass for LED, LCD, Computer Screen etc,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Daily Use Teeth Whitening Charcoal Powder Oral Hygiene Cleaning Activated Charcoal Powder]
2mm Mirror Glass/Coated Glass for LED, LCD, Computer Screen etc, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Elbow Forming Machine Gorelocker HVAC Duct Making Machine, Part I.Stainless Steel Barbecue Net BBQ Grill Grates Wire Mesh. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Multifunctional Solar Powered Safety Hammer LED Flashlight]
Best Selling Colorful Branded Custom Logo Polarized Sunglasses Women Men 2018 Fashion UV400 Cat3 Mirrored Sun Shade Glasses, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),L Shape U Shape Big Corner Home Villa Living Room Hotel Lobby Full Chinese Italy Leather with Manual Movable Headrest Confortable Sofa Set Furniture.460g Good Tensile Strength PU Fiberglass Thermal Insulation Fabric, 175-184[Potassium Oleate]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Costa Rica Digital Smart Full HD ISDB-T TV Transmitter TV Receiver]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),304 Stainless Steel Anti-Corrosion Welded Wire Mesh. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[860~960MHz UHF RFID Adhesive Tag/Sticker/Wet Inlay/ Long Range Logistic Tag]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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