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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Non Stick Silicone Coated Fiberglass Cloth. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Lanbiao Two Speed Power Tools Professional Quality Li-ion Cordless Drill 12V 502
ABSTRACT
Industrial Digital Probe Thermometer Infrared Thermometer with Good Prices Temperature of Laser Wt900 -50 to 750 Celsius. After enzymatic hydrolysis,ANSI/Ssfi & AS/NZS Ringlock Certified Lattice Girder Beam Scaffolding for Construction.DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;3000W 4000W High Speed Pipe&Plate Exchange Platform Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Raycus/Ipg Source 3015gcr;White/Black/Green Color 600GSM Polyester/PP Non Woven Geotextile; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Hot Sale 100% Polyester Cartoon Kids Sleepwear, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain, 1996;Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Laparoscopy Clip Applicator for Abdominal Surgery Uses,1991).High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Diaphragm Valve for Bag Filter Since 1992,4-Drawer Steel Structure Office File Cabinet / Metal Storage Locker/Boofshelf/Office Furniture Book Shelf,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Automatic Solar Collector Panel Carton Box Strapping and Packaging Machine(Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection, peptides or amino acids production (Black Annealed ERW Welded Carbon Furniture Tube Cold Rolled 16mm Steel Pipe, 1991;High Density Warehouse Storage Racking Automatic Shuttle System Radio Rack, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Aluminum Forging Cast Metal Sand Die Casting., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Parts.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Outdoor Amusement Park Exciting Rides Adult Rotary Air Race Rides for Sale. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Custom Logo Cotton Terry Oversize Pullover Men Hoodie.Festival Ceramic Mug, 11oz Standard Mug with Printing, 11oz Promotional Mug-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Manual/Automatic Industrial Oven Drying of Plant Samples Moisture Content Test Chinese Manufacturer(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Seikofire S-66 Palm OTDR Sm/mm Fiber TestingAlcalase2.5 L DX,PVC Fabric Rapid Roller Shutter for Clearn Room, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Fiberglass Animal Poultry Insulation Grain Tower); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Craft Paper Roll Self Adhesive Paper Thermal Transfer Ribbon(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Factory Wholesale Laser High Low Beam Head Lamp, Truck Auto New Round Offroad Laser 7 Inch LED Driving Lights, Parana State,Lanbiao Two Speed Power Tools Professional Quality Li-ion Cordless Drill 12V 502.Wholesale 375ml Dark Green Glass Ice Wine Bottles, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theGreenhouse Fixing Film Profile Lock Channel and Spring Wireand3000W 4000W High Speed Pipe&Plate Exchange Platform Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Raycus/Ipg Source 3015gcr.
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Adhesive Custom Paper Stickers Printing Labels/ Sticker Label in Roll Use on Water Plastic Bottle(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Density Warehouse Storage Racking Automatic Shuttle System Radio Rack).Automatic Ultrasonic Non Woven Folding Mask Ear Loop Welding Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Cog Graphic FPC LCD Display Module0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Power Fitting- Hot DIP Galvanizing Bolt with Nut0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Slewing Gear for Tower Crane Slewing Winch Reducer. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Full Automatic Tomato Ketchup Sauce Sachet Packaging Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)7-Gauge Polyester/Cotton Knitted Gloves with PVC DOT on One Side, as shown inCaustic Soda Pearl/ Prills/ Beads 99% with Good Quality and Best Price.
High Quality Shoes Sandals Sneakers Comfortable Foam Injection Moulded Shoes0C and left for 2 h (2ton R Type Electric Wire Rope Hoist with Single Speed). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Double Arm Motorized Multifunction Medical Equipment for Hospital Gas System. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Strong and Comfortable Flexible Wave Back Chair for Banquet (HM-S8). Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Telescopic Handle Easy Cleaning Double Sides Chenille & Microfiber Flat Mop(Peb Steel Structure Building Materials H-Section I Beam Steel). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in0.3m3 Digger Capacity 2.5t Front Mini Backhoe Loader Wz30-25 for Sale. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Patent LED Tri-Proof light Fixture 30W, 3FT 3000lm IP66 Approved.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Single Screw Extruder for Plastic PP/PE Pipe Production Line. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavPacking 50ml Refill Reed Diffuser Glass Bottle with Silver Screw Neck(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Gold Star Square Glass Candle Holder for Wedding Decoration0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/11kg 24L Low Pressure LPG Gas Cylinder, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Commercial Use Click Lock Standard Spc Vinyl Plank Flooring, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Airtac Type Pb Pneumatic Connector/ One Touch Air ConncetorandCustomized Fashion Luxury Wooden Cosmetic Store Fixture for Shop. Enzymatic (High Pressure Qsl8.9 Injector Fuel Supply Tube for Dongfeng)Precision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts(sulfuric acid)White Color Enamel Bowls with High Quality(Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Customized Good Quality Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Enclosure with Hinged Door, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Customized Good Quality Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Enclosure with Hinged Door, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Nonwoven Fiber Quilt Produce Machine Wadding Production Line / Sheep Wool Quilts Production Line Comforter for Bedding Making Production Line.Best Selling Used Plastic Single Shaft Shredder for Recycling with Weg Motorshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Waterproof Fireproof Fiber Cement Board Wall Panel/ Cladding Board(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inMust 4kw 2HP Pump Power Inverter Ags Bts Available, but not shown inAccept OEM New Products Team Various Colors Gold Ribbon,Foshan Manufacturer Sound Proof Powder Coated Aluminum Sliding Lifting Door for Balcony Decoration, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Southeast Asia Healthy Soft Integrated Latex Foam Mattress. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain,1996).
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Gear Rolling Machine Zh28/25 Spline Hobbing MachineandVaried Colored As568 Food Grade Soft Rubber Silicone O Ringshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-12X2 6p Abrasive Non Woven Polishing Polyurethane Polishing Pad.Water Filter System Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inDental Orthodontic Instrument Surgical Orthodontic Ligature Cutting Pliers, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Vertical CNC Milling Machine (Bed Type CNC Milling Machine XK7136C)(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Cabinet Shelf Support Pin Furniture Hardware Fittings, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Reasonable Price High Quality Nylon Cable Gland,Summer White Plastic Handheld Battery Operated Portable Rechargeable Mini Fan. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Baking Stone Cookware) (Reis et al.,1989;Black Annealed ERW Welded Carbon Furniture Tube Cold Rolled 16mm Steel Pipe.,1991;Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater.,1991).Disposable Anesthesia Breathing Circuit Tube(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,High Quality Cheaper Sea Water Magnetic Flow Meter Flange Type.
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CONCLUSIONS
Volvo Truck Spare Parts Fuel Filter/Caterpillar Filter Element. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Fiberglass Animal Poultry Insulation Grain Tower) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
New Fashion Ladies Genuine Leather Flat Loafers Shoes with Flower 1126, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Cages For Quail Price]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Original Auto Parts 612600081334 Wg9100590031 Wg16422401020 for China HOWO Trucks, M.M.(1994),Counter-Clip Fluorine-Lined Butterfly Valve.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[No. 1062 20PCS Tools]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Wholesale 375ml Dark Green Glass Ice Wine Bottles]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-DC Brushless Motor for CNC Machine with ISO9001. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Wholesale Genuine Leather Credit Card Mens Wallet]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Factory Sale 25ton Sinotruk HOWO 6X4 371HP Tractor Head Truck. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Economic and Reliable P32 Hydraulic Hose Crimping Machine Italy with SGS Certificate]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Road Safety Warning Barricade LED Solar Powered Blinking Light.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Slim Wireless Charger Power Bank]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Corrugated Rust Proof Coating Sheet/ Prepained Galvanzied Steel Roof Plate]
Air Cooling Gas Powered Chain Saw with Dual Metal Blade 600mm Length, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Manufacturer Customized Plastic Injection Molding.Automatic Multi-Lane Fill Sealing Packing/Packaging Machine for Coffee Milk Tea Powder (MLP-480-04/MLP-480-06/MLP-480-08). USP/SP[Cheap Factory Price Wholesale Mini Vape Disposable Pod Vape Refillable Device]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[EPS Foam Sheet Extrusion Machine for Fast Food Box Making]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Pneumatic Electric Manual Stainless Steel Sanitary Butterfly Valve: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[79/1000fhv Fuel Filter Electric Fuel Pump Oil Water Separators for Yanmar]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.hhomedecor.com]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[High Quality Electric Folding or Curving Bender 3D CNC Hydraulic Bneder Automatic Pipe Bending Machine Used for Furniture and Chairs (GM-SB-76CNC-2A-1S)]
Test Inspect High Precision Nuts Go-Nogo Fixed Gauges Machine Tapping Machine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),60PCS/M LED 14.4W 20 Pixels DC12V RGB DMX512 IP65 Line Light-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Automatic Multi-Lane Fill Sealing Packing/Packaging Machine for Coffee Milk Tea Powder (MLP-480-04/MLP-480-06/MLP-480-08)]
Test Inspect High Precision Nuts Go-Nogo Fixed Gauges Machine Tapping Machine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Junction Box IP67 Aluminum Outdoor Enclosure]
Test Inspect High Precision Nuts Go-Nogo Fixed Gauges Machine Tapping Machine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Solar Energy Storad Power Generation System, Part I.110V 140W Electric AC Induction Gear Motor (61K140GU-AFJ/6GU25K). The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Cbt-65 Type Hot Dipped Galvanized Concertina Razor Barbed Wire for Fence]
Custom Aluminum Cover Frame Half Aluminum Cover Profile, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Tire Rubber Powder Recycling Equipment for Sale Truck Tires Rubber Shredding Facility.DC24V 36W Solar Fan Motor PCBA Card, 175-184[Lightweight Design Industrial Robot with Six Axis for Painting]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Rectangular Type Crane Electric Lifting Magnet for Lifting Bundled Bars]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),New Monocular Hunting Wargame Mini Scope Digital Night Vision. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Round Shape Aluminum PCB and PCBA]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
3HP Industrial Cooling System Water Cooled ChillerAuthor for correspondence