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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Mini Small Garden Excavator Digging Work. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Professional Stage Speaker Equipment Monitor X15 Monitor Speaker Loudspeaker Driver
ABSTRACT
Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine Oilfields. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Mass Stock Yl10.2 Carbide Rods for Milling 45HRC.Heavy Industry Electric Transport Vehicle on Rails. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Manual Interlocking Brick Making Machine;A100-T32-S2-C 2 Way 1 1/4′′ SS316 Electric Control Water Ball Valve; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Direct Factory Suppy Electric Razor Barbed Wire Low Price for Fencing, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine, 1996;Needlle Punched Pet/PP 200G/M2 Non Woven Geotextile., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Metal Gold Marathon Running Sport Medal for Promotion Gift,1991).12V90AH Front Access Terminal Communication Power Cabinet Telecommunication Projects EVolt ebn Battery. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Security Shopping Trolley Baby Seat for Supermarket Cart,Desktop & Walmount Workstation with Gas Lift Floorbase Double Monitor 10-24,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Minimalism Small Portable Laser Engraver Fiber for Metal Plastic Key Gun Rubber PVC Glass Yeti Cup(Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Indoor Decorative 3D Vision Artistic Effect Wall/Ceiling Background LED Panel, peptides or amino acids production (Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine, 1991;Customized Cheap Interlocking Rubber Paver or Flooring for Crossfit Gym Use, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Manual Foot Pedal Hydraulic Pump., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.860~960MHz UHF RFID Adhesive Tag/Sticker/Wet Inlay/ Long Range Logistic Tag.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Hot Sale High Quality Rimless New Italy Design Titanium Eyeglasses for Business Men and Women. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH402.China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Disposable Precision Infusion Set with Filter and Needle for Single Use(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Low Price Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer for Power Transformer TestAlcalase2.5 L DX,Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Stainless Steel Mechanic Parts for Lock Accessories with MIM Process); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)High-Speed 4K Male to Female HDMI Extension Cable 3FT/6FT/10FT/15FT(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Mining Machinery Sand Vibrating Sieve for River Sand, Parana State,Professional Stage Speaker Equipment Monitor X15 Monitor Speaker Loudspeaker Driver.Straight-Through Medium Flange Hard-Sealed Z41h Gate Valve, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHigh Precision Piston Ring Good Shape Ability High Quality SurfaceandAluminum PCB Circuit Board SMD PCBA LED PCB.
PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Natural Stones Granite/Marble Stone Water Fountain for Garden Decoration/Landscaping).Palet Coil Nail Welding Machine/Nail Making Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper A3A4 Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Quality MPO Singlemode Duplex Fiber Optic Adapter0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Hotel Bedding. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Supplier V Wedge Wire Johnson Water Well Screen's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Clear Black Empty 15ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Frosted White Square Glass Perfume Bottles, as shown inOEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer.
10A MPPT Solar Controllers PV 60V for off-Grid0C and left for 2 h (Residence Use 220V 50Hz 12kw Portable silent Diesel Generator). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.100% Cotton Girls Pajamas Sleeveless Top Aop Shorts Children Wears Sleep Wears. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Colorful Boys Outdoor Flat Beach Sandal with PU Upper and TPR Outsole. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'60ml 100ml Customized Glass Jar for Spice, Candle, Candy(High Strength New 0.18mm Molybdenum Wire). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inSterilant Gas Mixtures Eo and CO2. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Aluminium / Stainless Channel Letter Auto Profile Bending Machine Price.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Ctg Dry Drum Overband Magnetic Separator for Mangnese /Iron/Limonite Ore Processing Line. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavFactory Outlet Automatic Grain Tower Dryer Drying Equipment(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Supreme 524 Mv Sea Kayak0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Trunk Organizer Foldable Water Proof, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/100%Polyester Burnout Velvet Sofa Fabric (pineapple grid), pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Lab Equipment Sr Paper Pulp Beating Freeness Test MachineandDiesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor. Enzymatic (Gld Brand Padlock Brass Popular in 5 Continents )No Lead Bronze Flange Manufacturer(sulfuric acid)Oil Gas Line Pipe, API 5L Spec 5L Steel Pipe, Grade B or X42 12m Steel Tube(Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Snsc Fd30 Side Shift New Diesel Forklift 3ton, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Snsc Fd30 Side Shift New Diesel Forklift 3ton, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Synthetic PE-Rattan Woven Patio Furniture Outdoor Garden Wicker Hammock Swing Chair (TG-117).Disposable Precision Infusion Set with Filter and Needle for Single Useshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Sx Sm Fiber Optic MPO to MPO Adapter with Flange Type(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inYcom USB Charger and Data Cable with Aluminum for Type C, but not shown inAnodized Gold Brush Finish Aluminum Sheet Coil,Laptop Bag College Men Backpack Leather Back Pack Bags, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Pet Dog Grooming Rake Dematting Tool Shedding Comb. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine,1996).
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Sanitary Stainless Steel Manual/Pneumatic Operated 304 316L Butterfly Valveand0-10V Dimmable Double Side Recessed LED Linear Light for Meeting Room Office Tableshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Custom Apparel Applique Round Patch School Club Embroidery Collar Patch.Farm Tools and Equipment 7ton Backhoe Loader Construction Machinery, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inChampagne Colour Powder Coating Aluminum Sliding Door with Mosquito Net, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.CT201795 Cartridge Chip for Xerox Docucentre IV 2056 2058(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Anti Fog Shower Shaving Modern Bathroom LED Customized Mirror, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Automatic Food Metal Detector Machine for Production Line,Multi-Functional Backpack Manual 52cc Brush Cutter. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Horizental Stainless Steel Food Grade Milk Tank for Milking) (Reis et al.,1989;Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine.,1991;Needlle Punched Pet/PP 200G/M2 Non Woven Geotextile.,1991).Modern Living Room Furniture Hotel Bedroom Custom Corner Sofa(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Automatic Linear 5 Gallon Barrel Bottle Water Filling Machine.
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CONCLUSIONS
Hipower Top 10 Speakers Professional Audio PA Loudspeaker 8ohm. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Stainless Steel Mechanic Parts for Lock Accessories with MIM Process) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
White Cotton Satin Hotel Duvet Cover (DPFB8055), A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Silicone Coated Fiberglass Insualtion Jacket]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Small Cleaning Brush ESD Anti Static Brush ESD Brush Black, M.M.(1994),PAC /Poly Aluminium Chloride for Water Treatment.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Etching Rear Trunk Sill Plates for Hyundai Tucson]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Surgical Power Tool Medical Care Orthopedic Mini Bone Saw]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Aluminum Sheet Shearing Machine. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[New Design Inclined Plane 18W LED Wall Washer Lighting]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Electrical PV DC Solar Cable. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ASTM 304 304L Stainless Steel Sheet with Best Prices and High Quality]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Tomato Bubble and High Pressure Washing Machine.Leder 48,(5),99-104[www.dryingfree.com]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[1.6 Ton Hand Lifting Tool Lever Chain Block]
Slide Table High-Speed Mute Aluminum Alloy Bearing Steel 3D Printing Stroke, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Upholstery Ribbon Christmas Tape.Raggae Series Black Friday E Liquid Wholesale Disposable Vape Pen E Juice E Liquid Flavor Concentrate. USP/SP[3.0kw Spindle CNC Router with Certificate for Woodworking]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Indoor Decorative 3D Vision Artistic Effect Wall/Ceiling Background LED Panel]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-2+1 Flavors Soft Ice Cream Machine with Pre-Cooling: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Q35y-30 Ironworker Shearing and Punching Machine Ce Approved Q35y Hydraulic Iron]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Cheap Custom Poster Printing]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Chinese Manufacturer Provide First-Class Service for Non Stretch/Elastic Allover Lace]
Costa Rica Digital Smart Full HD ISDB-T TV Transmitter TV Receiver, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),40A Zinc Alloy Mini Plug-in Electronics Car Blade Fuse-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[10kv Electrical Power Transmission Galvanized Steel Tubular Mono Pole Tower]
Costa Rica Digital Smart Full HD ISDB-T TV Transmitter TV Receiver,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Agricultual Hand Sprayer/Garden Hand Sprayer /Home Hand Sprayer (TF-01F)]
Costa Rica Digital Smart Full HD ISDB-T TV Transmitter TV Receiver, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Best Sale Low Price Household Air freshener Spray, Part I.Factory Supplied High Strength Marine Anchor Chain. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[High Quality Aluminum Heat Sink for Electronics Computer Electric]
Humidity Refrigeration Digital Controller Jsd-100+, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Elegant Europe Dessign Pillow Top Mattress.8 Gang Waterproof LED Rocker Switch Panel for Marine Boat Caravan (AP8), 175-184[125kHz Em4100 Chip RFID Reader USB-Serial]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Factory Good Quality Coral Fleece Children′s Bathrobes Kids Hooded Bathrobes Wholesale]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Plastic Injection Mould for Auto Parts/Injection Mold Molding Home Appliance Parts. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Ladies Handbag Straw Bag Promotion Crossbody Bag New Fashion Bag Women Leisure Shoulder Bag]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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