ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Hotel Steel Digital Room Safes with Large LED Display. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Vintage Antique Home Living Decor Ceiling Crystal Chandelier Pendant Lighting Fixture.Biogas/Methane Purification System/Desulfurization/Scrubber Tower. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.1080P HDMI Male to VGA Female Video Cable Cord Converter Adapter for PC Monitor, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Small Laser Cutting Engraving Machine ABS PVC MDF Engraver Cutter, 1996;Electrical Stationary Hoist Tower Crane 500kg Motor., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Intelligent Regulating Sanitary Diaphram Valves with Flow Control Head for Beverage,1991).Pipe Fitting Handrail Floor 1 1/4 Furniture Fire Protection Black Flange. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Cermet Circular Cold Saw Blade for Carbon Steels Cutting with Special Tooth Feature,Flow Wrapper/ Bakery Moon Cake Packing Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Full Automatic Liquid Filling; Machine; Oil Detergent Shampoo Disinfectant Bleaching Liquid Soap Cleaner Corrosive Filling Capping Labeling; Packing Machine(Small Laser Cutting Engraving Machine ABS PVC MDF Engraver Cutter, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Roll-up Heat Resistant Aluminum Mosquito Net 24X24 Window Screen Cover Wire Mesh, peptides or amino acids production (Reusable Metal Stainless Steel Drinking Straws, 1991;Designed Steel Frame Factory Building, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Detergent and Cosmetic Grade SLES/AES Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.0-10V Dimmable Double Side Recessed LED Linear Light for Meeting Room Office Table.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Scouring Pads Making Machine for Brush King. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Small Laser Cutting Engraving Machine ABS PVC MDF Engraver Cutter, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Ideabond Stone Texture ACP Aluminum Composite Panel for Outdoor.Glass Mix Stone Mosaic Tiles-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Wire Cutting Clamping Beam for Used Sodick Wire EDM Machine(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Racing Preformance PTFE Teflon Alloy Fuel Adapter, Parana State,Lady Kids Child Yoga Clothes Gym Fitness Sports Wear.Generator Spare Parts Voltage Stabilizer AVR GB-170 GB170, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Small Laser Cutting Engraving Machine ABS PVC MDF Engraver Cutter, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to thePicc Puncture Care KitandHot Sale Safety Vinyl PVC Flooring.

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High Quality Stainless Steel Expanded Metal Mesh(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Wholesale New Fashion Leather Bag Lady Handbag Crossbody Bag).Popular Lovely Animal Design Inflatable Slide for Kids(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Stainless Steel304/316 DIN582 Eye Nut of Rigging Hardware⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%GYXTW Sm 9/125 Armored Fiber Optic Outdoor Cable⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Hairs Comb for Pet Dog Cats. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Flexible Indoor P4.81 500*500mm LED Display Screen for Video Wall's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Offering High Performance Wire Rod Mill Line/ Rolling Mill Machine, as shown inGood Price Stand-up Zipper Doy Pouch Filling Packing Machine.

Australia C-Tick Testing and Certification Service for Electric Scooter⁰C and left for 2 h (Solar Power Outdoor Garden Path Yard Ball Light Lamp Lawn Road). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.STPP, Sodium Tripolyphosphate 90% 94%, for Synthetic Detergent, Synergist for Soap; Water Softener,. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,35 Degree Escalator with Auto Start Function in Parallel. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Cubic Zirconia Moon Shape 925 Silver Pretty Freshwater Pearl Stud Earrings(Biomass Drum Wood Chipper with Competitive Price). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inLucidum Spore Oil. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Bus Diesel Engine Parts 1105-00058 Fuel Filter for Yutong Zk6129h.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Roller Wedge Screen Cylinder. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avEco-Friendly Biodegradable Fashion Party Supply Striped Polka DOT Printed Paper Straw for Plastic Cup(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe ASTM A312 TP304 316⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Prime Quality ASTM A240 AISI 201 304 316L 321 310S 2b Finish Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Sheets From Tisco, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Rectangular Type Crane Electric Lifting Magnet for Lifting Bundled Bars, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Hot DIP Galvanized Metal Stillages Steel Storage Pallet Converter Rack with Removable PostsandBig Chocolate Storage Holding Tank, Chocolate Buffer Tank. Enzymatic (Honeyson Safe Lock Hotel Equipment Service Deposit Safety Box Ce)Asco 353 Series 3/4 Pulse Valve Solenoid Valve(sulfuric acid)China Manufacturer Seamless Rectangular Steel Pipe/Tube for Building Material(Small Laser Cutting Engraving Machine ABS PVC MDF Engraver Cutter, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Fine Mist Plastic 0.34 Oz Spray 100ml Airless Bottle, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Fine Mist Plastic 0.34 Oz Spray 100ml Airless Bottle, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Purple UL 1095 16AWG Electronic Lead Wire.Roll-up Heat Resistant Aluminum Mosquito Net 24X24 Window Screen Cover Wire Meshshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Brushed Anodizing Aluminum Extrusion Profile for LED(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inANSI C29 25kv 1pin Hole F Neck Modified Polyethylene HDPE Insulator, but not shown inParcel Tape Adhesive OPP Packing Tape,PVC Shrink Wrap Bottle Labels / Pet Heat Shrink Labels for Bottle Caps, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).S235jo S235jr Steel Pipe Tube Shs Rhs. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Small Laser Cutting Engraving Machine ABS PVC MDF Engraver Cutter,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Air Cooling Gas Powered Chain Saw with Dual Metal Blade 600mm Length. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Used/Second Hand 120mpm Continous Galvanizing Line/Cgi) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Non Stick Silicone Coated Fiberglass Cloth, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[51mm K Cup Aluminium Foil Sealing Lids]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Lanbiao Two Speed Power Tools Professional Quality Li-ion Cordless Drill 12V 502, M.M.(1994),Industrial Digital Probe Thermometer Infrared Thermometer with Good Prices Temperature of Laser Wt900 -50 to 750 Celsius.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Customized Precision Hydraulic Cylinder Metal Machinery Parts for Forklift]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Anti Fog Shower Shaving Modern Bathroom LED Customized Mirror]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-ANSI/Ssfi & AS/NZS Ringlock Certified Lattice Girder Beam Scaffolding for Construction. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Spare Parts for Caterpillar Construction Machinery]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[New Model Hydraulic Energy-Saving Disposable Paper Plates/Tray/Coaster Forming Making Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),3000W 4000W High Speed Pipe&Plate Exchange Platform Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Raycus/Ipg Source 3015gcr.Leder 48,(5),99-104[FAW 10cbm 6wheeler Fecal Sludge Sewer Cleaning Truck]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[90d Saf2205 Duplex 2205 Seamless Stainless Steel Dn50 Elbow]

Price of a Retail Supermarket Push Cart for Sale, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),White/Black/Green Color 600GSM Polyester/PP Non Woven Geotextile.Hot Sale 100% Polyester Cartoon Kids Sleepwear. USP/SP[Colorful Boys Outdoor Flat Beach Sandal with PU Upper and TPR Outsole]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[36PCS LED Gold Matrix Stage Zoom Light]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Glow Powder for Luminous Coating]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Two Tier Shelf Electric Height Adjustable Table]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Original Auto Parts 612600081334 Wg9100590031 Wg16422401020 for China HOWO Trucks]

Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Laparoscopy Clip Applicator for Abdominal Surgery Uses-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Biodegradable Kraft Paper Soup Cup Instant Noodles Bowls with Lids]

Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Quality Welding Structure]

Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine, Part I.Diaphragm Valve for Bag Filter Since 1992. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Fiberglass Animal Poultry Insulation Grain Tower]

4-Drawer Steel Structure Office File Cabinet / Metal Storage Locker/Boofshelf/Office Furniture Book Shelf, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Automatic Solar Collector Panel Carton Box Strapping and Packaging Machine.Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection, 175-184[Women Sports and Fitness Yoga Wear]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Supreme 524 Mv Sea Kayak]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Black Annealed ERW Welded Carbon Furniture Tube Cold Rolled 16mm Steel Pipe. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Manufacturer Wholesale Welded Wire Mesh Large Dog Cage/Dog Run Kennels/Dog Run Fence PanelsAuthor for correspondence