ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

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Key words;Factory Supply Decorative Plastic PVC Vinyl Siding Panels for Exterior Walls;Laser Cutting Parts Custom Metal Parts Aluminum CNC Machining Service; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Xsg Series High-Speed Rotating Dryer Putty Powder Special Dryer, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Wholesale Colorful Party Favor Straight Biodegradable Food Grade Paper Drinking Straw for Cocktail, 1996;High Quality Grade Carton Box Case Forming Machine, Box Erector, Box Sealing Packing Taping Strapping Machine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Stainless Steel Clarifier Tank for Water Treatment,1991).Carrier Roller for Sany Excavator. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,LSAW Pipes, API 5L Psl2/X65, X70, X42/DRL, Carbon Steel Pipes, Pipeline, API 5L Psl2/ Steel Pipes, Longitudinal Steel Pipeline, Welded Steel Pipes,Professional Hot Selling Full Automatic Artificial Nutritional Rice Making Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Sand Casting Aluminum Die Casting and Gravity Casting Aluminum Alloy Parts Auto Engine Spare Parts(Wholesale Colorful Party Favor Straight Biodegradable Food Grade Paper Drinking Straw for Cocktail, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Factory Supply Cheap Price Custom Logo Genuine Leather Mens Wallets, peptides or amino acids production (Waterproof Laminated MDF/HDF Wood Door Melamine Wood Door for Bathroom (MD-JY-002), 1991;2400W Large Jamming Radius Military Grade Cell Phone Jammer with 13 Channels Vehicle, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;High Quality Proof-Smoke Construction Material Fire Control Fire System Fixed Rigid Metal Steel Smoke Curtain., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Export Quality Flavor Fresh Ramen Mixed Noodle with Turkey Sauce.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Dry Air Generator GF Series. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Wholesale Colorful Party Favor Straight Biodegradable Food Grade Paper Drinking Straw for Cocktail, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Modern Artificial Stone Bathroom Cabinet Sink Resin Basin for Bathroom Furniture.Advanced Unlocking Tool for Locksmith-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Screen Printing Materials and Equipments Screen Printing Frames(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Sinicline Custom 3D Effect Semi-Automatic Slider Metal Zipper Pull(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Road Safety Warning Barricade LED Solar Powered Blinking Light).Fashion Logo Custom Red Merrowed Border Embroidery Twill Stitch Iron on Patches(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%AISI 201/202/301/304 Stainless Steel Welded Square Pipe⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Double-Screw Microwave Drying/Baking for Seafood Dewatering Device for Sale with Ce⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Bodybuilding Sr9009 Oral Anabolic Sarms White Powder for Weight Loss. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Underwear Hanger Black for Girl Bra Display Light Plastic Lingerie Hanger's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)PVC/Pet/OPS Shrink Sleeve Used for Plastic and Glass Bottle, as shown inPrefab Expandable Luxury Living Container House Prefabricated House.

Solar Power Outdoor Garden Path Yard Ball Light Lamp Lawn Road⁰C and left for 2 h (Sany Mixing Sealing Seat and Compression Ring for Sany Concrete Pump Truck). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.High Speed Copper Wire Braiding Making Machine. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Safe Durable Construction Scaffolding Plank for Building. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Different Size of Ring NdFeB Magnet(Deep Hole Cylinder Boring Machine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inTrailer Wheel Rim. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Original Manufacturer Amusement Park Fiberglass Body Battery Powered Adult Bumper Car Game Machine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%High Quality Welding Structure. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avCarboxymethyl Cellulose CAS No. 9004-32-4(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Stamping Parts OEM Gold Plated Copper Piece Copper Terminal for Battery Clip⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/150kg Per Hour Frozen French Fries Production Line, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Automatic Professional LED Display Ceramic Hair Curling Iron, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Cnc Machining Process

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CONCLUSIONS

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Breathable PU Coated Ripstop Taffeta 190t Polyester Fabric with Printed) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

China OEM Manufacturers Supply 8 Person Golf Cart (DG-C6+2), A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Steel Pipe Scaffolding]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,13.4L 22.4L Inflatable Helium Tank Disposable Balloon Helium Gas Cylinder, M.M.(1994),Bathroom False Plastic Board Interior Decorative 3D Wall Panels.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Light Weight Polyester Eye Mask for Travel Airplane Hotel]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Custom Fashion Cup Mat Silicone Rubber Coaster for Tea- Best Housewarming Beverage]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Mushroom Head Stud Sert. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Cute Pink Cashmere Soft Plush Lining Warm Bootie]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Customized Wholesale Hot Sale Cotton/Polyester Streetwear Pullover Long Sleeve Crop Hoodies for Women. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Fully Automatic Dust Face Mask Making Machine with Ultrasonic]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Fire Resistant Silicone Rubber Coated Fiber Glass Fabric Fire Blanket.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Multi Cavity Servo Hydraulic Automatic Fixture Top Manufacturer Supplier]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ Locking Hinge Pin]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Jk Long Rope Small Electric Winch 5ton for Pulling and Lifting]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Embossing Roller for Tissue Paper: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Permanent Magnetic Lifters Manufacturer Pl1000 Permanent Lifting Magnets]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[GPS Outdoor Sports Multi-Functional Color Display Smart Bracelet Watch]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Kingdomway Brand Vitamin a 1000]

Gauge 30 Tile Red Durable Roofing Profiles PPGL Steel, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Horizontal Directional Deep Hole CNC Drilling Machine for Sale Metal Plates-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Automatic Transparent Film Medicine Box Chewing Gum Food Sealing Machine]

Gauge 30 Tile Red Durable Roofing Profiles PPGL Steel,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Adhesive Powder for Skim Coat/Wall Putty HPMC]

Gauge 30 Tile Red Durable Roofing Profiles PPGL Steel, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Colorful  Reflective Sticker Reflective Tape, Part I.Concrete Spare Part Electrical System Central Distribution Box. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Automatic Cashew Processing Cashew Nuts Shelling Peeling Machine]

Bedroom Furniture Pillow Top Memory Foam Natural Latex Pocket Coil Spring Mattress, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),50Hz to 60Hz Frequency Inverter for Water Pump.Metal Universal Vertical Turret Milling Machine (X6323 X6325 X6325D X6330), 175-184[www.hbgcdl-fasteners.com]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Hot Dipped Galvanized Oval Wire Brazil]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),High Quality Horizontal and Vertical Metal Universal Turret Milling Machine (X6325). Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Hans Factory Direct Sale Colorful Wholesale Beaded Lace Fabric]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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