ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Industry Mega PVC Fabric Automatic Folding Hangar Rolling Shutter Door. After enzymatic hydrolysis,8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton.Farrowing Crate Pig Floor Cast Iron Slat Floor. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Manufacturer PVC Synthetic Artificial Leather for Sofa Upholstery Cover with Variety of Backing;High Quality Aluminum Heat Sink for Electronics Computer Electric; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.5-Star 100 Cotton King Size Cheap Stripe Hotel Duvet Cover, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Surprise! Range Hood Free! ! ! Juice Cart, 1996;Steam Eye Mask Heating One Eye Mask for Sleeping., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Automatic French Fries Frying Machine with Low Price,1991).Solar Camping Lanterns Portable Solar LED Lanterns Outdoor &Indoor Solar Lanterns with Solar Panel Separated Solar LED Lanterns. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,55 Inch WiFi Android Digital Signage Player Totem Interactive Touch Screen Monitor Floor Stand Kiosk with Software,Fashion Fingerprint Electric Door Lock Red Bronze Stainless Steel Security,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Natural Stones Granite/Marble Stone Water Fountain for Garden Decoration/Landscaping(Surprise! Range Hood Free! ! ! Juice Cart, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Motorcycle Accessories Flexible Natural Rubber Shock Absorber / Dock Silent Buffer Block, peptides or amino acids production (High Security 13.56MHz MIFARE DESFire EV1 EV2 2K 4K 8K CPU RFID Card, 1991;T90 High Power Latching Relay Mini Power Relay, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Customizable Laptop Sleeve Computer Case Bag for MacBook Air 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Inch., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Auto Accessories Tailored Car Foot Mats Trunk Mats for Lexus GS430.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Polyglycolic Acid Absorable Suture. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Surprise! Range Hood Free! ! ! Juice Cart, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰No. 1062 20PCS Tools.Ld-Zg002 Special Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Chemical Plant-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Aluminum Mould Shoe Mould Making CNC Milling Router Machine(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Women Cow Leather Handbag Genuine Leather Shoulder Bag for Ladies, Parana State,Promotional Gifts Custom Printed Silicone Wristband/Bracelet.Black Color Hexagon Bolt with High Quality, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Surprise! Range Hood Free! ! ! Juice Cart, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theAluminum Die Casting Waterproof Junction Box IP67 Aluminum Outdoor EnclosureandCbt-65 Type Hot Dipped Galvanized Concertina Razor Barbed Wire for Fence.

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China Supplier! ! ! Hot Sale 16mn Galvanized Steel Pipes(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Round Shape Aluminum PCB and PCBA).Afen Auto Opened Door Pasta Sexy Toys Auto Vending Machine with Competitive Price(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Fengdeng Wholesale Multi-Functional Fashion Mummy Baby Diaper Backpack Bag⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Speed Construction Lifting Equipment Boat Yacht Capstan Electric Winch 3 Ton⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Back Adhesive 72W Solar Flexible PV Laminate Panels (PVL-72). The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Non Rechargeable, NiMH Replacement 1.5V Lr44/V13ga Battery's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Luxury Aluminum Candy Jar with Screw Lid (PPC-AC-042), as shown in3HP Industrial Cooling System Water Cooled Chiller.

Polyamide Spandex Stretch Heavy Lycra Fabric 245GSM⁰C and left for 2 h (355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Single Stage High Speed Fruit and Vegetable Pulping Machine. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,China OEM 94V0 Single-Sided Ceramic PCB Prototype Multilayer Ceramic Printed Circuit Board. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Plastic 3D Printing Service, Cheap Plastic Injection Molding PLA 3D Printing Service for Rapid Prototyping Services(48′x72′ Ultra-Soft Dotted Minky Material with Nontoxic Glass Beads). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in2432 Insulation Tape. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Silicone Pot Holders, Trivet Mat, Spoon Rest, Jar Opener, Garlic Peeler, Non-Slip High Heat Resistant Hot Pads.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Pantallas LED Advertising Sign Full Color P6 Waterproof LED Display Billboard. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avPrefab Expandable Luxury Living Container House Prefabricated House(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

LED Emergency Exit LightsandMetal Separating Gold Brass Zippers for Sale. Enzymatic (Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate)OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer(sulfuric acid)BA Finished Seamless Stainless Steel Tube (304, 304L, 316, 316L)(Surprise! Range Hood Free! ! ! Juice Cart, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Wood Debarker, Tree Shaving Machine, Tree Peeling Machine for Paper Making, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Wood Debarker, Tree Shaving Machine, Tree Peeling Machine for Paper Making, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

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CONCLUSIONS

A100-T32-S2-C 2 Way 1 1/4′′ SS316 Electric Control Water Ball Valve. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Refrigeration Digital Temperature Controller Stc-100A) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Direct Factory Suppy Electric Razor Barbed Wire Low Price for Fencing, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[High Chrome Iron Liner Wheel for Pump Industry]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine, M.M.(1994),Needlle Punched Pet/PP 200G/M2 Non Woven Geotextile.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Buy Mk 677 Powder Bulk Powders Sarms Mk 677]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[40ton Double Girder Low-Headroom European Electric Wire Rope Hoist/Winch (BMG-40122mm5)]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Metal Gold Marathon Running Sport Medal for Promotion Gift. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[OEM Carbon Steel/Stainless Steel Silca Sol Lost Wax/Investment/Precision Cast/Casting Part]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),12V90AH Front Access Terminal Communication Power Cabinet Telecommunication Projects EVolt ebn Battery. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[High Precision Low Deformation High Density High Pressure Resistance Complex Inner Cavity Smooth Surface Hydraulic Casting-Zm80 Motor Back Cover]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Security Shopping Trolley Baby Seat for Supermarket Cart.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Double Side Polymide Led]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Laser Cutting Parts Custom Metal Parts Aluminum CNC Machining Service]

Automatic Chewing Dog Food Snack Machine, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Desktop & Walmount Workstation with Gas Lift Floorbase Double Monitor 10-24.Minimalism Small Portable Laser Engraver Fiber for Metal Plastic Key Gun Rubber PVC Glass Yeti Cup. USP/SP[Air Cooled Split Type Ducted Air Conditioner AC Unit]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Full Automatic 4000b/h 500ml Plastic Jar Making Machine]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Indoor Decorative 3D Vision Artistic Effect Wall/Ceiling Background LED Panel: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Made in China Lqa Strap Banding Tool]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Double Head Electrical Discharge Machine]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Abrasive Resistant Heavy Duty PVC Helix Suction Hose for Mining Application]

Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Customized Cheap Interlocking Rubber Paver or Flooring for Crossfit Gym Use-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[China Modern Pharmacy Vacuum Filter Press]

Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Folding Play Mat Crawl Play Mat]

Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Manual Foot Pedal Hydraulic Pump, Part I.860~960MHz UHF RFID Adhesive Tag/Sticker/Wet Inlay/ Long Range Logistic Tag. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Dbry-320 Christmas Stickers Labels Printing Machine]

Hot Sale High Quality Rimless New Italy Design Titanium Eyeglasses for Business Men and Women, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH402.China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory, 175-184[Weight Loss Acetic Acid 4.5% Apple Cider Vinegar]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Density Celuca Kitchen Cabinets PVC Foam Board]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Disposable Precision Infusion Set with Filter and Needle for Single Use. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Fiber Optic Sc APC Fast Connector for FTTH Drop Cable]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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