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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-High Quality Liquid Spouted Stand up Pouch with Custom Logo. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Brand New Dnv 2.7-1 Standard 20FT Half Height Offshore Container


ABSTRACT

Custom-Made Cotton Satin Towels for Adults with Thick Bath Towel. After enzymatic hydrolysis,China Modern Pharmacy Vacuum Filter Press.100% Cotton Luxury Printed Bedding Comforter Set. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Mouse Pad with Gel Wrist Rest;Custom Size Christmas Gift Personalized Watch Boxes for Men; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Best Selling Quality Aluminum Acetylene Gas Cylinder, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Coal Mine Mini Electric Excavator with Quick Coupling, 1996;2000L Stainless Steel Micro Brewery Wine / Beer Conical Fermentation Tank., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Food Grade Transparent Cookie Airtight Plastic Container Jars,1991).Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Fabrication Switchgear Cabinet Factory. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Boho Gold&Silver Antique 3 Circle Hoops Pendant Earring for Women,Factory Direct Sale Single Cloth Hanger Hook,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,2 Round Sash Pulley for Chain - Brass (PVD)(Coal Mine Mini Electric Excavator with Quick Coupling, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Anodized Aluminum Expanded Metal Mesh Competitive Price, peptides or amino acids production (Hot DIP Galvanized G2150 D Ring Shackle, 1991;Office Furniture Chair MID-Back Mesh Ergonomic Office Staff Chair, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Round Shape Aluminum PCB and PCBA., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.36PCS LED Gold Matrix Stage Zoom Light.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Creative Flywheel Dial Men Watch Boys Wristwatch Fashion OEM in China. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Coal Mine Mini Electric Excavator with Quick Coupling, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Chicken Cage Mesh Hexagonal Wire Mesh Machine.110/220V Handle Mild Steel Welding Machine PCB Board 160A-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Swbf10b3SL-3station Multi-Station Cold Heading Machinen and Bolt Forging Former for Screw - Metal Fastener -Metal Fabrication -Nail -Rolling Forming(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Enamel Cast Iron Mini Casserole Cast Iron CocotteAlcalase2.5 L DX,Mechanical Processing Precision Machinery CNC Milling Machining Plastic Accessory Part, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Energy Saving Small Air Conitioner Air Source Heat Pump Manufacturer); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Sex Toy Flirting Anal Plug Five Lines with Beads Handle Type Extra-Long Anal Plug Can Deeply Stimulate The Anus of Both Men and Women Plug(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Automatic Cashew Processing Cashew Nuts Shelling Peeling Machine, Parana State,Brand New Dnv 2.7-1 Standard 20FT Half Height Offshore Container.CNC System Air Duct Line5 Make Machine for HVAC, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Coal Mine Mini Electric Excavator with Quick Coupling, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theTop Selling Ceiling Tiles/Ceramic Tile Hydraulic Press Making MachineandMining Machinery Sand Vibrating Sieve for River Sand.

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Titanium Dioxide Anatase for Paper Making(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (S235jo S235jr Steel Pipe Tube Shs Rhs).40A C Electronic Air Circuit Breaker with Dz47-4p(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Pipe Thermostat with Sensor Ce Certificate0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Walking Long Distance Surveying Instrument Meter Measuring Wheel0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Chinese Supplier of PVC Profile. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Tianjin Manufacturer PTFE Coated Butterfly Valve's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Inflatable Sup Surfing / All Round / Race Stand up Paddle Board Surfboard, as shown inMicrowave Motion Sensor Module Doppler Radar Detector (HW-M10).

Wholesale Prices of 20W 40W 60W Solar Street Lights0C and left for 2 h (Personalized Adult/Kids Size Green Baseball Cap 100% Cotton Blank Hats). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Sinicline Custom Brand with Plastic Pouch Hangtag for Hats. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Legit Human Chorionic Gonado-Tro-Pin 5000iu H-Cg Powder. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Plastic Kitchen Organization Sink Caddy Sponge Holder Saddle Bag(Alloy 6061 T4 T6 T651 Aluminum / Aluminium Plate). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inFactory Supply Fertilizer Pulverizer Machine. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,VRLA Deep Cycle Storage Battery 12V 100ah (QW-BV100A).

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%ALS Stage 5W RGB Animation Laser Light. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavMultifunctional Solar Powered Safety Hammer LED Flashlight, Alarm Fescape Rescue LED Torch(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Pet Anti-Static Needled Mat0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Dz/Bt-80h Multifunctional Full Automatic Cartoning Machine, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/OEM Sheet Metal Fabrication for Aluminum Parts, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

12 Cheap Kick Scooter/Kids Scooter Scooter/ Hot Sale Kick Scooter (SY-SC12026)andHwf Tsp Core Bit for Geotechnical Drilling. Enzymatic (Price of Automatic Sludge Dewatering Machine)Glass Bottle Juice Filling Rotary Type Aqua Water Liquid Beverage Rinsing Bottling Capping Labeling Packing Machine(sulfuric acid)Worm Gear Operation Wafer Lined F3 Butterfly Valve(Coal Mine Mini Electric Excavator with Quick Coupling, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Custom Printing A5 Elastic Bandage Leather Notebook with Emboss Logo School Notepad, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Custom Printing A5 Elastic Bandage Leather Notebook with Emboss Logo School Notepad, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Wholesale New Fashion Leather Bag Lady Handbag Crossbody Bag.Agriculture Film for Corn Silage Wrap Balershows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Positive Drive Turn Belt for Spiral Freezing Equipment(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inInsulating Thermal Insulation Silicone Rubber Coated Fiberglass Cloth, but not shown inPartial Thread Steel/Iron Hex Head Self Tapping Screw,Chinese Herb Medicine Angelica Root Extract, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).S Series China Generator Helical-Worm Crushers Reduction Box. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Coal Mine Mini Electric Excavator with Quick Coupling,1996).

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Clearing Clogged Effectively Pipe Drain Cleaning Machine (A75)andGym Fitness Equipment Adjustable Weight Benchshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Chinese Knuckle Boom Hydraulic Truck Mounted Crane for Sale.Original Testo 174t Mini Temperature Data Logger No. 0572 1560, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inHot Sale Pet Grooming Cat Slicker Brush Dog Pet Massage Comb, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Domestic and Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant Mbr/Waste Water Treatment Plant/Water(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Hot Sale Factory stainless Steel Dining Chair OEM Dining Furniture, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.New Style Fashion Custom Branded Printing Sublimation Plain Summer Merino Wool Cotton Bamboo Polyester Leisure Quick Dry Undershirt Slim Fit Long Sleeve T-Shirt,Whole Set Gas Spring Strut for Furniture. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Reusable Metal Stainless Steel Drinking Straws) (Reis et al.,1989;Hot DIP Galvanized G2150 D Ring Shackle.,1991;2000L Stainless Steel Micro Brewery Wine / Beer Conical Fermentation Tank.,1991).Dia. 5.5mm Bonding ND: YAG Laser Rod Lens(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,CNC Machining Turning Anodized Aluminum Worm Gear.

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CONCLUSIONS

China Solar Panel Solar Cell Photovoltaic 300W Hot Sell. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Energy Saving Small Air Conitioner Air Source Heat Pump Manufacturer) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Planter Moving Round Planter Saucer Casters Plant Trolley (M), M.M.(1994),1060 1100 3003 3105 5052 5005 Aluminium Coils Manufacturer in China.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Crushed Knitting Velvet Sofa Fabric Furniture Fabric (CD002)]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[High Pressure Fitting Quick Coupling Hydraulic Plug]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Electric/Motorized Soft Seal Flanged Butterfly Valve (GAD941X). Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Jforall Liquid Water Oil Tank Pipe High Accuracy Side Top Mount Level Monitor Switch Capacitive Sensor]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Custom ABS&POM&PP&PC&Acrylic Plastic CNC Machining Turning Parts. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ Hv / Coating Material Grade CMC Medium Viscosity]

Heidemann, E.(1997),CNC Machining Non-Standard Hardware Parts.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Coated C1s / C2s Best Quality Glossy/Matt Art Paper]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[High Efficiency Fine Powder Vibrating Screener]

Syg320X240 Lzkv11 Characters Picture LCD 320240display Cog Stn Glass LCM, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),DOT Aluminum Beverage CO2 Gas Cylinder 5lb 10lb 15lb 20lb.Galvanized Solar System Mounting Bracket Connector. USP/SP[Size0/Color/Organic/Pullulan/HPMC/Gel/Hollow/Veggie/Transparent/Clear/Empty Capsules]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[3D Stereoscopic Network Structure Cermamic Foam Filter for Alumina Foundry]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Digital Programmable Ntc Temperature Controller: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[3/4Inch Dn20EL Cooling Tower Float Ball Valve with Water Tank]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Mini Nail Polish Glass Bottle]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Double Roller Rotary Wood Peeling Machine with CE for Sale]

Water Meter Spare Parts Rubber Rings for Sealing, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Stainless Steel HK Series Needle Roller Bearing HK0408-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Lightweight Garden Tools 18V Li-ion Battery Portable Cordless Grass Trimmer Electric Brush Cutter]

Water Meter Spare Parts Rubber Rings for Sealing,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Factory Price High Carbon Isostatic Graphite Electrodes]

Water Meter Spare Parts Rubber Rings for Sealing, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Road Construction Fabric Non-Woven Geotextile 200GSM, Part I.High Polymer Modified Cement Based Elastic Waterproof Coating. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[A100-T32-S2-C 2 Way 1 1/4′′ SS316 Electric Control Water Ball Valve]

Best Thermal Insulation Material Aerogel Powder for Greenhouse Steam Pipe, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Heat-Sealed Laminated Bag with Hexagonal Bottom Gusset.Fashion Shoulder Backpack Handbag School Bag, 175-184[380v Three Phase Servo Drive]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[E171 Standrad Titanium Dioxide Food Grade A200]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Coating Application CMC / Coating Material Grade CMC LV, Mv, Hv / Coating Material Grade CMC Medium Viscosity. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[High Efficiency Non-Expensive Cracking Agent]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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