ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Ideabond Stone Texture ACP Aluminum Composite Panel for Outdoor. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Glass Mix Stone Mosaic Tiles.Wire Cutting Clamping Beam for Used Sodick Wire EDM Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;3/4Inch Dn20EL Cooling Tower Float Ball Valve with Water Tank;Champagne Colour Powder Coating Aluminum Sliding Door with Mosquito Net; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Used/Second Hand 120mpm Continous Galvanizing Line/Cgi, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Unisex 100% Cotton Blank Sweatshirt with Hood Pull Over Hoodie, 1996;Racing Preformance PTFE Teflon Alloy Fuel Adapter., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Generator Spare Parts Voltage Stabilizer AVR GB-170 GB170,1991).High Quality Stainless Steel Expanded Metal Mesh. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Popular Lovely Animal Design Inflatable Slide for Kids,Stainless Steel304/316 DIN582 Eye Nut of Rigging Hardware,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,GYXTW Sm 9/125 Armored Fiber Optic Outdoor Cable(Unisex 100% Cotton Blank Sweatshirt with Hood Pull Over Hoodie, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Hairs Comb for Pet Dog Cats, peptides or amino acids production (Flexible Indoor P4.81 500*500mm LED Display Screen for Video Wall, 1991;Offering High Performance Wire Rod Mill Line/ Rolling Mill Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Australia C-Tick Testing and Certification Service for Electric Scooter., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.STPP, Sodium Tripolyphosphate 90% 94%, for Synthetic Detergent, Synergist for Soap; Water Softener,.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-35 Degree Escalator with Auto Start Function in Parallel. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Unisex 100% Cotton Blank Sweatshirt with Hood Pull Over Hoodie, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Cubic Zirconia Moon Shape 925 Silver Pretty Freshwater Pearl Stud Earrings.Bus Diesel Engine Parts 1105-00058 Fuel Filter for Yutong Zk6129h-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Roller Wedge Screen Cylinder(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Rectangular Type Crane Electric Lifting Magnet for Lifting Bundled Bars, Parana State,Scouring Pads Making Machine for Brush King.Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank, Chocolate Buffer Tank, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Unisex 100% Cotton Blank Sweatshirt with Hood Pull Over Hoodie, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHigh Speed Cable Wire Winding Braiding MachineandCustom Size Christmas Gift Personalized Watch Boxes for Men.

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Honeyson Safe Lock Hotel Equipment Service Deposit Safety Box Ce(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (18V Lithium Battery Powered Cordless Drill).Asco 353 Series 3/4 Pulse Valve Solenoid Valve(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%China Manufacturer Seamless Rectangular Steel Pipe/Tube for Building Material⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Fine Mist Plastic 0.34 Oz Spray 100ml Airless Bottle⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Purple UL 1095 16AWG Electronic Lead Wire. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Brushed Anodizing Aluminum Extrusion Profile for LED's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)PVC Shrink Wrap Bottle Labels / Pet Heat Shrink Labels for Bottle Caps, as shown inNew Monocular Hunting Wargame Mini Scope Digital Night Vision.

S235jo S235jr Steel Pipe Tube Shs Rhs⁰C and left for 2 h (Forged Steel Pressure Sealed Bonnet Globe Valve). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Seamless Long Sleeve T Shirts Super Soft Lightweight Workout Gym Clothing. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Mini Oval Casserole Pot. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Stainless Steel Square Wire Mesh Netting with SGS(Sm5r30602b Auto Car Ls1 Komatsu Kobelco Engine Suzuki GM Automobile Wiring Harness). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inChina Activated Carbon Absorber. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Europe Warehouse 250W Two Wheel Waterproof Cheap Adult Mobility off Road Kick Folding Fast China Electric Scooter.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Solar and Industrial Homehold Sine Wave Smart Power Inverter100W 500W -6000W DC12V-DC60V to 220V Output with Digital Display. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avOutdoor Garden Save Energy with Solar Flame Wall Light(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Factory Price Customized Design Doll Diamond Floating Soft PVC Luggage Tag⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Air Cooling Gas Powered Chain Saw with Dual Metal Blade 600mm Length, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Non Stick Silicone Coated Fiberglass Cloth, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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White/Black/Green Color 600GSM Polyester/PP Non Woven Geotextile.Titanium Dioxide Anatase for Paper Makingshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Hot Sale 100% Polyester Cartoon Kids Sleepwear(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inPTFE+Bronze Shaft Rod Step Seal Hbts/Spgo Buffer Seal, but not shown inAluminum Mould Shoe Mould Making CNC Milling Router Machine,Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Unisex 100% Cotton Blank Sweatshirt with Hood Pull Over Hoodie,1996).

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4-Drawer Steel Structure Office File Cabinet / Metal Storage Locker/Boofshelf/Office Furniture Book Shelf, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Automatic Solar Collector Panel Carton Box Strapping and Packaging Machine,Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (SPCC Material Light Gray Color 7.5u Height 144 Port LC 288 Core Adapter and Pigtail Full Loaded Rack Mount Optical Distribution Frame ODF) (Reis et al.,1989;Flexible Indoor P4.81 500*500mm LED Display Screen for Video Wall.,1991;Racing Preformance PTFE Teflon Alloy Fuel Adapter.,1991).Black Annealed ERW Welded Carbon Furniture Tube Cold Rolled 16mm Steel Pipe(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,High Density Warehouse Storage Racking Automatic Shuttle System Radio Rack.

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CONCLUSIONS

Aluminum Forging Cast Metal Sand Die Casting. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe ASTM A312 TP304 316) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Parts, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[N52 Neodymium Disc Shaped Magnets for Motor]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Outdoor Amusement Park Exciting Rides Adult Rotary Air Race Rides for Sale, M.M.(1994),Custom Logo Cotton Terry Oversize Pullover Men Hoodie.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Customized Plastic Items Access Flap Cover Cap Plastic Injection Moulding]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Fashion Shoulder Backpack Handbag School Bag]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Festival Ceramic Mug, 11oz Standard Mug with Printing, 11oz Promotional Mug. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Heavy Duty Rope12 Strand PP PE Mixed Pull Mooring Mope]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Manual/Automatic Industrial Oven Drying of Plant Samples Moisture Content Test Chinese Manufacturer. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Security Shopping Trolley Baby Seat for Supermarket Cart]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Seikofire S-66 Palm OTDR Sm/mm Fiber Testing.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Wide Belt Sandermachine]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Silver Anodized Aluminium I Beam Level Measuring Tool]

Detergent and Cosmetic Grade SLES/AES Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),PVC Fabric Rapid Roller Shutter for Clearn Room.Fiberglass Animal Poultry Insulation Grain Tower. USP/SP[Stainless Steel Expanded Metal Mesh/Aluminum Expanded Metal Mesh]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Rechargeable Battery Operated Cooling Folding Electric Fan]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Craft Paper Roll Self Adhesive Paper Thermal Transfer Ribbon: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Telescopic Handle Easy Cleaning Double Sides Chenille & Microfiber Flat Mop]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[8021)]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Sdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly]

Factory Wholesale Laser High Low Beam Head Lamp, Truck Auto New Round Offroad Laser 7 Inch LED Driving Lights, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Wholesale 375ml Dark Green Glass Ice Wine Bottles-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Sw Type BOPP Packaging Adhesive Tape Coating Machine]

Factory Wholesale Laser High Low Beam Head Lamp, Truck Auto New Round Offroad Laser 7 Inch LED Driving Lights,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Upholstery Ribbon Christmas Tape]

Factory Wholesale Laser High Low Beam Head Lamp, Truck Auto New Round Offroad Laser 7 Inch LED Driving Lights, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Adhesive Custom Paper Stickers Printing Labels/ Sticker Label in Roll Use on Water Plastic Bottle, Part I.Automatic Ultrasonic Non Woven Folding Mask Ear Loop Welding Machine. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Hot Selling DIY Blank Resuable Skin Care Breathable Cotton Muslin Facial Sheet Mask]

Cog Graphic FPC LCD Display Module, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Power Fitting- Hot DIP Galvanizing Bolt with Nut.Slewing Gear for Tower Crane Slewing Winch Reducer, 175-184[www.nbwallplus.com]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[12 Bottles Portable Home Ues Thermoelectric Wine Chiller]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Full Automatic Tomato Ketchup Sauce Sachet Packaging Machine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Fused Quartz Powder 325mesh 500mesh 1250mesh]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

China OEM Manufacturers Supply 8 Person Golf Cart (DG-C6+2)Author for correspondence