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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
JIS G3461 STB410 Steam Steel Tube, JIS G 3461 ASTM A179 Seamless Boiler Pipe. After enzymatic hydrolysis,3PC Ss Ball Valve with ISO 5211 Direct Mounting Pad.PVC Connector Sleeve Soft Plastic Battery Terminal Covers. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Eco Friendly Recycle Paper Cheap Wholesale Custom Printing Colouring Hardcover Comic Children Board Book;Wiiboox High-Precision Exquisite Detail Effect Printing Machine LCD 3D Printer; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Portable Mini Fridge with Light Box, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Agriculture Film for Corn Silage Wrap Baler, 1996;Cheap Gabion Wire Mesh Box., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Stainless Inox Escalator Decorative Panel 304 Grade Brushed Stainless Steel Sheet with 7 PVC Film,1991).Stainless Steel Double Layer Filter USD in POY Machines. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,8oz 250ml Disposable Paper Soup Bowl with Lid for Take Away,Economical Price CO2 Laser Cutting Machine Metal and Non Metal 150W 180W 280W 300W,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Graphite Ring Good Lubrication(Agriculture Film for Corn Silage Wrap Baler, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,China Tower 6-Axis Screwdriver Machine Robot Manufacturer, peptides or amino acids production (Mslqs-P Needle-Free Injector/Needleless Syringe Price, 1991;YAMAHA Yv100II Nozzle Horder Square Head Short Type, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Juice Doypack Packing Machine (ZLDB-4)., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Stainless Steel Wok with Soft Touch Handle.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Living Room Furniture Hotel Sofa Set with Matching Tables Hotel Bedroom Sofa. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Agriculture Film for Corn Silage Wrap Baler, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Funny Newest Design for Children Theme Outdoor Playground Park.High Frequency Pure Sine Wave 25kw Inverter 240V off-Grid Solar Power Inverter-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Low Smoke and Halogen Free XLPE Wire UL3266 32-10AWG(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Lightweight Adjustable Dorsal Ankle Night Splint for Pain Relief, Parana State,3*19.8 NRA G2 AISI420 Needle Roller for Bearing.Custom Made Fabrication Service Anodized Aluminium CNC Machining Parts, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Agriculture Film for Corn Silage Wrap Baler, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theGsx750f Gsf1200 Bandit 01-06 Carb Repair KitandChina Cheap Polarized Sunglasses Hot Sale Metal Sunglasses.
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Loquat Juice and Loquat Syrup Production Machinery Export Worldwide(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (L Shape U Shape Big Corner Home Villa Living Room Hotel Lobby Full Chinese Italy Leather with Manual Movable Headrest Confortable Sofa Set Furniture).PE Film Self Adhesive Bitumen Waterproof Membrane/ Roofing Material(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Sanitary Stainless Steel Manual/Pneumatic Operated 304 316L Butterfly Valve0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Concrete Floor Grinding Disc Machine for Four Segments0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Black Tko Wholesale Vape Carts 0.8ml Empty Tank Vape Cartridges Atomizer 510 Thread Sauce Carts. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Plywood Core Composite Machine Composer Machine Veneer Splicing Machine Wood Drying Kiln Clamp Carrier Machine Wrapping Machine, as shown inChina Bearing with Housing Bearing / Pillow Block Bearing.
Original Mobile Phone Faster Charger Adapter for Huawei P9/P8 5V 2A0C and left for 2 h (Milling Precision Stainless Steel CNC Machinery Parts). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Non Standard U Channel Steel. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Socket Flange. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Dn32 (11/4) BSPT Thread Air Actuated Piston Valves(Europe Warehouse 250W Two Wheel Waterproof Cheap Adult Mobility off Road Kick Folding Fast China Electric Scooter). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inUL2725 Low Voltage Cable Spiral Shielded Cable Sr-PVC/PVC Insulation. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Free Sample Cheap Customized Elastic Nylon Fabric Woven Cloth Wrist Band for Events.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Foam Cutting 9.0kw Atc Spindle CNC Wood Engraver Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavDisposable Sterile Twist Top Blood Lancet(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Customized Precision Hydraulic Cylinder Metal Machinery Parts for Forklift0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Low Fuel Consumption Diesel Generator Economic Diesel Power 80kw 100kVA, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Wholesale Price Auto Iridium Spark Plug for Turbo Trumpchi Cars, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
2 Round Sash Pulley for Chain - Brass (PVD)andCNC 3 Axis Milling Machining Center. Enzymatic (Hot Sale Bathroom Downlight LED 10W Ceiling Light IP54 Spot Light Fitting)Variable 50Hz 22kw AC Drive 3 Phase Frequency Inverter(sulfuric acid)4 Axis CNC Woodworking Machinery Engraver Router(Agriculture Film for Corn Silage Wrap Baler, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Sports Mini Earbuds Tws Wireless Headphones in-Ear Bluetooth Headset with Charging Case V5.0, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Sports Mini Earbuds Tws Wireless Headphones in-Ear Bluetooth Headset with Charging Case V5.0, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
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Mint Flavor 50ml Home Foam ToothpasteandCeramic Edge Protection Profiles Decorative Ceramic Metal Tile Trimshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Good Quality White PVC Rigid Foam Board for Iran Market.Portable Wireless Professional Rechargeable DJ Karaoke Sound Box Trolley Bluetooth PA Speaker ED-608, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inFly, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Carbon Raiser of Graphitized Petroleum Coke/GPC for Iron Casting(Condell et al.,1993) .
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CONCLUSIONS
Square Decorative Stainless Steel Crimped Wire Mesh. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Good Strength GRP Cooling Towers for Mechanical Cooling) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Mold Injection Molding Plastic Products White PC Housing, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[China Shopping Site Semi Automatic Label Applicator Machine]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Sw Type BOPP Packaging Adhesive Tape Coating Machine, M.M.(1994),Stainless Steel Metric Female Flat Seat Hose Fittings.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Hpa Tank Refill Scuba Tank Air Fill Adapter Gas Transfer for Diving High Pressure Tank]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Good Prize Solar PV Mounting Panel System for Ground]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-High Quality Round Hole Hastelloy Perforated Metal Screen Climbing Frame Mesh Perforated Metal Sheet. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Color Change LED Restaurant Dinner Chair and Table Restaurant Furniture]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Locksmith Tool Car Lock Transpopnder Chip Key Blank Cover. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Countersunk Head Self Drilling Screw Color Zinc Plated DIN7504r]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Multi Color Spade Made of Steel and Panting.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Low Speed Centrifuge]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Sweat Suit for Women Three Piece Tracksuit]
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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Diaphragm Valve for Bag Filter Since 1992]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-New Condition Hot Sale Type Air Cooled Ice Cube Maker: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Factory Supply Cheap Price Custom Logo Genuine Leather Mens Wallets]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[A1050 H14 H24 Aluminum Roll for Food Hoses]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Pond Self Priming Booster Pressure Water Pump with Check Valve]
Stainless Steel Hinge Pin, Locking Hinge Pin, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),4 Way Stretch Running Gym Shorts Unique Women Short Pants-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Hot Sale High Quality Rimless New Italy Design Titanium Eyeglasses for Business Men and Women]
Stainless Steel Hinge Pin, Locking Hinge Pin,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Foska Good Quality Plastic Stapler Set with Staples]
Stainless Steel Hinge Pin, Locking Hinge Pin, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:VHDCI Connector, 100p, Solder 0.8mm Pitch, Part I.6061 T6 T7 Small Size Andonizied Aluminium Pipe with Alloy Triangle Tube. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Straight-Through Medium Flange Hard-Sealed Z41h Gate Valve]
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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Office Furniture Chair MID-Back Mesh Ergonomic Office Staff Chair]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Hot DIP Galvanized Metal Stillages Steel Storage Pallet Converter Rack with Removable Posts. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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