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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ABSTRACT
New R&D Wire Cable Feeding Winding Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Stainless Steel Manual Glass Kitchen Ajustable Pepper with Low Price.Residence Use 220V 50Hz 12kw Portable silent Diesel Generator. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Garden Decoration Marble Stone Granite Small Angel Sculpture Water Fountain;530ml Glassware/Glass Jar/Wine Bottle/Liquor Bottle/Spirits Bottle/Glass Vodka Bottle; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.PCB Connector Pin Connector 1.0 Pitch Dual Row Pin Header, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Sdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly, 1996;Galvanized Roller Shutter Window Torsion Springs., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (100 Ton 200 Ton Bending Cutting Straightening Machine H Frame Hydraulic Press for Sale,1991).Carbon Graphite Crucible. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building,Cummins ISBE truck diesel engine motor parts 3940059 camshaft bushing,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Di DIN3352 Double Orifice Automatic Air Release Valve Dn65(Sdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Magic Hair Twist Curl Sponge Brush, peptides or amino acids production (Clearing Clogged Effectively Pipe Drain Cleaning Machine (A75), 1991;Geyi Disposable Laparoscopic Visible Optical Trocar, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Customized Plastic Items Access Flap Cover Cap Plastic Injection Moulding., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Bimetallic Thermometer Industrial Temperature Gauge.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-19 Network Cabinet with Lockable Rear Door. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Sdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Automatic Blow Molding Pet Bottle Making Semi Auto Blower Perform Making Bottle Machinery.175mm Diamond Cutting Blade for Granite&Tiles-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Raytools/Wsx/Precitec Fiber Laser Cutting Head, Laser Cutting Nozzle, Lasr Cuting Protective Lens, Laser Cutting Ceramic, Laser Cutting Consumables(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Daily Use Teeth Whitening Charcoal Powder Oral Hygiene Cleaning Activated Charcoal Powder, Parana State,Made in China Lqa Strap Banding Tool.Multi-Layer Machine Press Hydraulic Hot for Plywood Making Machinery, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Sdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to thePromotional Gifts Custom Printed Silicone Wristband/BraceletandShenzhen Yizexin Numeric Keyboard Conductive Ink Membrane Switch.
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Yashi 42 Inch LED Multi Touch Screen Interactive Whiteboard(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Aluminium Profile/Shell/Housing for T5/T8 LED Tube Light (SQ-HRJ-002)).Groove Type Wood Log Tree Peeling and Debarking Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%High Quality CE Digital Display Adjustable Power Supply0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Hot Sales Foldable Rechargeable LED Book Reading Light with USD Charging 1.5 Wires0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Parcel Tape Adhesive OPP Packing Tape. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)High Efficiency Non-Expensive Cracking Agent's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Fiber Optic Sc APC Fast Connector for FTTH Drop Cable, as shown inSupplier V Wedge Wire Johnson Water Well Screen.
Heavy Duty Trailer Lifting Hoist Manual Crank Hand Puller Winch0C and left for 2 h (Chinese Herb Medicine Angelica Root Extract). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Custom Striped Compression Soccer Socks for Adults. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Stainless Steel Kitchen Sink, Bar Sink, Wash Hand Sink (4738). Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Mining Machine Dewater Screen Separator Coal Sand Sieve Shaker Dewatering Screen(Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inAPI 5L ASTM A369-Fp22 Top Sales Alloy Steel Seamless Tube. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Tensile Strength Galvanized Steel Wire.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%24 Volt Fire Alarm Strobe Light Horn Strobe Sounder. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of Kavfrom China to Mexico Ciudad del Carmen reliable low cost Air Logistics Freight Shipping Forwarder(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Abrasive Resistant Heavy Duty PVC Helix Suction Hose for Mining Application0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Best Selling Used Plastic Single Shaft Shredder for Recycling with Weg Motor, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Factory OEM CNC Machined Gear Motor Shaft, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Energy Saving Small Air Conitioner Air Source Heat Pump ManufacturerandHigh Quality and Lowest Price of Crr920 Common Rail Injector Repair Kits to Meet Stage. Enzymatic (Pink French Loop Terry Knit Fabric for Jacket)Custom Plastic Parts Injection Molding Lamp Shell Cover for LED Bulb(sulfuric acid)Die Casting Aluminum Shell Aluminum Body for Electrical Motor Parts / Air Compresser Parts(Sdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%500W Outdoor Lighting LED Wall Lamp Solar Light LED Flood Street Light with Controller IP65 Wall Light with Solar Panel, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%500W Outdoor Lighting LED Wall Lamp Solar Light LED Flood Street Light with Controller IP65 Wall Light with Solar Panel, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Music Equipment Flight Case/Aluminum Flight Case Hardware/Guitar Effect Pedals Flight Case.Paper Sticky Lint Remover Roller/Pet Hair Rollershows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Electric Fabric and Non Woven Fabric Roll Slitting Machine (FQ-1600)(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inMining Machine Dewater Screen Separator Coal Sand Sieve Shaker Dewatering Screen, but not shown inGood Quality 3.8 6 8 Inch Resistant Rubber Tire Dog Chew Toy with Handle Rope for Pets,Builtin Video Wall Controller 3X3 LCD Digital Signage Large Video Wall, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Gsx750f Gsf1200 Bandit 01-06 Carb Repair Kit. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Sdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly,1996).
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Sofa Materials PU Leather with Flock Backing, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Three Phase 800mm Plate Fan,ASTM Approved Popular Indoor Trampoline of Park. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Pneumatic Control Shuttle Valve NPT Thread) (Reis et al.,1989;Clearing Clogged Effectively Pipe Drain Cleaning Machine (A75).,1991;Galvanized Roller Shutter Window Torsion Springs.,1991).Cheap Bent 6mm 8mm 10mm 12mm Clear Curved Tempered Glass for Construction Building(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Adjustable Office Commercial Suspended Pendant LED Aluminum Channel Profile for Ceiling Light.
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CONCLUSIONS
Wholesale Genuine Leather Credit Card Mens Wallet. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Uprigth Touch-Screen Red Wine Chiller) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Yitai Die Making 13mm Beech Rotary Plywood, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Tritan Copolyester Mug Plastic Mug Straw Mug Pomotional Mug]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Gear Rolling Machine Zh28/25 Spline Hobbing Machine, M.M.(1994),OEM ODM Custom Moulding Silicone EPDM Nr SBR NBR Acm NR Rubber Molding Molded Industrial Parts Product Auto Rubber Parts.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Vintage Antique Home Living Decor Ceiling Crystal Chandelier Pendant Lighting Fixture]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[ Eye Steam Mask]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Men Ankle Business Socks Hot Mens Dress Cotton Socks Wholesale. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Carrier Roller for Sany Excavator]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Partial Thread Steel/Iron Hex Head Self Tapping Screw. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Hot DIP Galvanized G2150 D Ring Shackle]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Flat Car Sun Roof Tent Awning.Leder 48,(5),99-104[www.well-pcb.com]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Aluminum Oxide Non Woven Polishing Wheel for Machine]
Natural Latex Pocket Coil Spring Mattress for 5 Star Hotel, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Classic Black Color Commercial Glass Door Multi Deck Refrigerator.Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Elisa Kits. USP/SP[Concrete Floor Grinding Disc Machine for Four Segments]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Dark Blue Color Texture Indoor Swimming Pool Glass Mosaic Tile]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-12 Cheap Kick Scooter/Kids Scooter Scooter/ Hot Sale Kick Scooter (SY-SC12026): part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Planter Moving Round Planter Saucer Casters Plant Trolley (M)]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Anle Dental Unit]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[19 Network Cabinet with Lockable Rear Door]
Pneumatic Control Shuttle Valve NPT Thread, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Four Column Hydraulic Press Machine for Kitchen Sink Deep Drawing-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Outdoor Garden Lamp Remote Control with Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Panel]
Pneumatic Control Shuttle Valve NPT Thread,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[LED Stadium Light High-Mast Outdoor Lighting SMD Sport Lamp Playground Gym Square Football Basketball 300W]
Pneumatic Control Shuttle Valve NPT Thread, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:OEM 15PCS Electric Face Makeup Brush with Ce Certificate, Part I.New Styles Fashion Erotic Women Underwear Sexy Lingerie. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ABC-508 Brake System Cleaning and Fluid Exchanging Machine]
on Site Use Psa Oxygen Plant Oxygen Cylinder Filling Machine Hot Sale, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Stand Hot and Cold Normal Water Dispenser with Refrigerator.High Quality Construction Welding Rods Electrode E6013 E7018 E7016, 175-184[Speaker Wooden Stand]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Basic Style Buffalo Leather Safety Shoes Ce Certificate S3 (SN1388)]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),High Pore Volume Industrial Claus Catalyst for Claus Sulfur Recovery Process. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Slip Resistant Corrugated Protection Entrance Rubber Floor Mat]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
CAS 9067-32-7 Hyaluronic Acid/ Sodium HyaluronateAuthor for correspondence