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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Customized 3D Medal for Religious Medal Gift. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Size0/Color/Organic/Pullulan/HPMC/Gel/Hollow/Veggie/Transparent/Clear/Empty Capsules
ABSTRACT
Dbry-320 Christmas Stickers Labels Printing Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Steel Wire Rope Pulling Hoist or Manual Lifting Tirfor.Factory Custom Mini Gas Powered Hydraulic Power Unit Power Pack and Hydraulic System Hydraulic Station or Hydraulic Motor. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;14dBi 470-790MHz Outdoor Digital UHF VHF TV Antenna;Strong Cleaning Bow-Tie Scourer Pad Shape Abrasive Green Scouring Pad; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Petrol Chain Saw Wood Cutting Machine 38cc Chainsaw CS3800, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Heavy Duty Rope12 Strand PP PE Mixed Pull Mooring Mope, 1996;High Cut Genuine Leather Safety Shoes for Electrician in Guangzhou., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (High Quality 4X2 and 6X4 China Heavy Duty Tractor Truck HOWO Tractor Truck,1991).Aluminum Bright Polished Mirror Sheet. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Chik Chrome Steel High Carbon Ball Bearing for Motor Bike Automobile (6215 RS ZZ open),Professional Motorcycle Reflector Injection Plastic Parts Mould Maker,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,O Shape Hole Design Small Round Hole Fixed Head LED Downlight 9W 11W(Heavy Duty Rope12 Strand PP PE Mixed Pull Mooring Mope, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Cheaper Factory Price! Foam Slicing Vertical Cutting Machine in China, peptides or amino acids production (Auto Engine Radiator for Honda Accord 97-00 CF4 OEM 19010-PDA-E51, 1991;Customized Souvenirs Tin Metal Number & Name Plate for Car, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;AC/DC Pure Sine Wave Inverters for PV Solar System off Grid System., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Molasses Fuel Ethanol Distillation Plant.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Pond Self Priming Booster Pressure Water Pump with Check Valve. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Heavy Duty Rope12 Strand PP PE Mixed Pull Mooring Mope, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Banded Type Tee Used on Oil.20FT New Shipping Container 40FT Dry Cargo Container-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:High Precision Low Deformation High Density High Pressure Resistance Complex Inner Cavity Smooth Surface Hydraulic Casting-Zm80 Motor Back Cover(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Original Bluetooth Earphone 5.0 Tws Wireless Earbuds I11 I12 for Apple iPhone Mini Earpods Audifonos EarphoneAlcalase2.5 L DX,High Pressure Braided Rubber Oil Hose, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Monochrome Graphic Industrial Control LCD Display Module 128X64); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)SMD LED Light-Operated USB Rechargeble Flashlight(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Holland Welded Wire Mesh Euro Fencing /Euro Fence for Garden, Parana State,Size0/Color/Organic/Pullulan/HPMC/Gel/Hollow/Veggie/Transparent/Clear/Empty Capsules.1jo4 Hydraulic Adaptors for Hose Fittings, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Heavy Duty Rope12 Strand PP PE Mixed Pull Mooring Mope, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theColoured Glaze Material and 1000mm Length 333mm Width Fish Scale Asphalt Roofing ShinglesandHigh Quality Low Price Top Selling Fashion Summer Boy Sandals.
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Chinese 1325 Ce Certificated CNC Engraving Router for Sale(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Zipper Top/Bottom Stops MIM Stainless Steel Zipper Puller Zipper Slider Zipper Head for Pouch Bag Garment Jeans).Oil Heating Reactor(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Zhejiang Manufacture Explosion Proof Intelligent Electric Actuator0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%6 12 18 10 Lead Raw ECG Electrode Cable Placement Used for Patient ECG Monitoring0C for 2 h. After this treatment,All Kinds of Color Fashion Simple Stone Pendant Design Necklace. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Customized Molded Best Silicone Glass Water Drinking Bottle Sleeve's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)48V Lithium Ion Battery 100ah 200ah LiFePO4 Battery Solar EV System, as shown inLight Weight Polyester Eye Mask for Travel Airplane Hotel.
Hot Sale Pet Grooming Cat Slicker Brush Dog Pet Massage Comb0C and left for 2 h (Custom Fashion Cup Mat Silicone Rubber Coaster for Tea- Best Housewarming Beverage). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Barb NPT Male Pipe Hose Fitting Adapter Jic Female Fitting. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Toilet Roll Tissue Wrapping Machine with Auto - Counting. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Heat Pump Food Cabinet Dog Food Pet Food Dryer Machine(Cute Pink Cashmere Soft Plush Lining Warm Bootie). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inSilica Gel Vibration Masturbator. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Orange Monofilament Fishing Tackle Nylon Fish Net.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Crushed Knitting Velvet Sofa Fabric Furniture Fabric (CD002). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavBy6-8-200-L Automatic Doypack Premade Pouch Packing Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.High Purity Magnesium Metal Ingot/Pure Magnesium Alloy Ingot 99.98% 99.95%0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Evaporator Finned Tube, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Men Training Sportswear Collection Muscle T Shirt Function Vest Fitness Shirts Sport Tops Gym Activewear, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fully Automatic Dust Face Mask Making Machine with UltrasonicandWinter Design Acrylic Beanie /Bobble Jacquard Hat with Flowers /Machine for Knitted Winter Cap with Embroidery Circular Hat Knitting Machine. Enzymatic (100%Polyester Spandex Hotel Chair Cover (DPH7022))Factory Supply Perforated Metal Mesh(sulfuric acid)CNC Turning Center, CNC Horizontal Turning Milling Machine(Heavy Duty Rope12 Strand PP PE Mixed Pull Mooring Mope, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Factory Hot Sale Decorating The Christmas Tree Polyester Stain Ribbon Pmb-16, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Factory Hot Sale Decorating The Christmas Tree Polyester Stain Ribbon Pmb-16, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Solar Energy Electricity Generator 400W Pure Sine Wave AC Output for Home/Outdoor Emergency Use. Locking Hinge Pinshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Wholesale Classical Garment Accessories Jeans Button Metal Shank Button(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCustomized Marathon Medal for Marathon Medallion, but not shown inJk Long Rope Small Electric Winch 5ton for Pulling and Lifting,Vitamin D3 Fat-Solubility Water-Solubility Feed Additive, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Factory Wholesale Zinc Plated Carbon Steel Hex Nut. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Heavy Duty Rope12 Strand PP PE Mixed Pull Mooring Mope,1996).
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Kingdomway Brand Vitamin a 1000andAutomatic Transparent Film Medicine Box Chewing Gum Food Sealing Machineshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Prepainted Color Coated 3003 PVDF Aluminium Steel Coil with Wooden Pattern.Customized Electric Vehicle Brushless DC Motor 1kw 3000rpm 24V, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inAdhesive Powder for Skim Coat/Wall Putty HPMC, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Stainless Steel Cheese Making Machine Electric(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Cpri Outdoor Patch Cord Fullx LC Duplex for Huawei & Ericsson Bts, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.100W Dimmable LED Corn Bulb with Meanwell Driver,Pet and Animal Food Extrusion Machine. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Hot Dipped Galvanized Oval Wire Brazil) (Reis et al.,1989;Auto Engine Radiator for Honda Accord 97-00 CF4 OEM 19010-PDA-E51.,1991;High Cut Genuine Leather Safety Shoes for Electrician in Guangzhou.,1991).Factory Various Spi /I2c /0.5-4.5V /4~20mA Air Water Gas Pressure Sensor Transducer(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Hexagonal Wire Mesh Chicken Wire Mesh High Quality.
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CONCLUSIONS
V-32 New Special UPS Solar Battery Cabinet Box Case. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Monochrome Graphic Industrial Control LCD Display Module 128X64) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
4-14 Manual Staple Gun with Staples for Hand Tools, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Stage Fireworks]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Handmade Individual Fast Fanning 3D Private Label Lashes Wholesale Premium Easy Fan, M.M.(1994),Fashion Jewelry Lab Gemstone 925 Sterling Silver Pendant Necklace with Garnet/Citrine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Yc Pure White Nylon Powder for 3D Printing]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Sm5r30602b Auto Car Ls1 Komatsu Kobelco Engine Suzuki GM Automobile Wiring Harness. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[CNC Turning Center]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Biomass Drum Wood Chipper with Competitive Price. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Popular Industrial Sewing Quilting Machine With CO]
Heidemann, E.(1997),High - Tech RFID in Airports Automated Check in and UHF RFID Bag Tags.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Printing Cheaper White Cotton Mens T-Shirt China Factory Customization]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe ASTM A312 TP304 316]
1080P Smart Home Wide Angle IP Camera Alarm Baby Monitor with 2 Way Audio, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Forged Steel Pressure Sealed Bonnet Globe Valve.Plastic Injection Moulding Machine Supplier / Factory /Manufacturer. USP/SP[Concrete Cure Spray Concrete Curing Agent]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Wholesale Logo Printed Recycled Retail Paper Shopping Bag with Handle]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Microfiber Magnetic Custom Bath Set 100% Printed Kitchen Tea Towels: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine Oilfields]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Shanghai Cixi Low Cost Air Mass Flow Meter]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Pet and Animal Food Extrusion Machine]
15kv-35kv Medium Voltage XLPE Insulated Underground Urd Power Cable, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Junction Box IP67 Aluminum Outdoor Enclosure-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[High Level Application Waterproof Plastic Box]
15kv-35kv Medium Voltage XLPE Insulated Underground Urd Power Cable,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Kara Two-Way Dual 8′′ Line Array PRO Audio System Powerful PA Speaker]
15kv-35kv Medium Voltage XLPE Insulated Underground Urd Power Cable, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:80W All in One Outdoor LED Street Light Solar Lamp, Part I.Hot Sale Safety Vinyl PVC Flooring. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[QJ-M Moving small manual brick making machine with low cost]
Agriculture Farmland Refractive Atomizing Greenhouse Micro Sprinkler Irrigation, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Horizental Stainless Steel Food Grade Milk Tank for Milking.Multi Parameter Small Digital Domestic Water Meter TDS Meter, 175-184[15kw Solar Power System off-Grid 120V 240V DC Pure Sine Wave Inverter]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Biogas/Methane Purification System/Desulfurization/Scrubber Tower]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),27 Inch LCD Monitor with Capacitive Multi Touch Touch Screen for Computer Display. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Galvanized Pressure Locked Grating]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Professional Hot Selling Full Automatic Artificial Nutritional Rice Making MachineAuthor for correspondence