ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Hot Sale 100% Polyester Cartoon Kids Sleepwear. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain

ABSTRACT

Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Laparoscopy Clip Applicator for Abdominal Surgery Uses.High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Diaphragm Valve for Bag Filter Since 1992;4-Drawer Steel Structure Office File Cabinet / Metal Storage Locker/Boofshelf/Office Furniture Book Shelf; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Automatic Solar Collector Panel Carton Box Strapping and Packaging Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection, 1996;Black Annealed ERW Welded Carbon Furniture Tube Cold Rolled 16mm Steel Pipe., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (High Density Warehouse Storage Racking Automatic Shuttle System Radio Rack,1991).Aluminum Forging Cast Metal Sand Die Casting. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Parts,Outdoor Amusement Park Exciting Rides Adult Rotary Air Race Rides for Sale,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Custom Logo Cotton Terry Oversize Pullover Men Hoodie(Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Festival Ceramic Mug, 11oz Standard Mug with Printing, 11oz Promotional Mug, peptides or amino acids production (Manual/Automatic Industrial Oven Drying of Plant Samples Moisture Content Test Chinese Manufacturer, 1991;Seikofire S-66 Palm OTDR Sm/mm Fiber Testing, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;PVC Fabric Rapid Roller Shutter for Clearn Room., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Fiberglass Animal Poultry Insulation Grain Tower.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Craft Paper Roll Self Adhesive Paper Thermal Transfer Ribbon. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Factory Wholesale Laser High Low Beam Head Lamp, Truck Auto New Round Offroad Laser 7 Inch LED Driving Lights.Wholesale 375ml Dark Green Glass Ice Wine Bottles-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Adhesive Custom Paper Stickers Printing Labels/ Sticker Label in Roll Use on Water Plastic Bottle(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Full Automatic Tomato Ketchup Sauce Sachet Packaging Machine, Parana State,Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain.7-Gauge Polyester/Cotton Knitted Gloves with PVC DOT on One Side, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHot Sale 100% Polyester Cartoon Kids Sleepwearand15mm Best Price Commercial Grade Birch Plywood for Furniture.

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High Quality Shoes Sandals Sneakers Comfortable Foam Injection Moulded Shoes(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Tire Rubber Powder Recycling Equipment for Sale Truck Tires Rubber Shredding Facility).Double Arm Motorized Multifunction Medical Equipment for Hospital Gas System(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Strong and Comfortable Flexible Wave Back Chair for Banquet (HM-S8)⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Telescopic Handle Easy Cleaning Double Sides Chenille & Microfiber Flat Mop⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Patent LED Tri-Proof light Fixture 30W, 3FT 3000lm IP66 Approved. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Single Screw Extruder for Plastic PP/PE Pipe Production Line's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Packing 50ml Refill Reed Diffuser Glass Bottle with Silver Screw Neck, as shown in201 301 304 Embossed Checkered Plate Stainless Steel Coil/Sheet.

Dog Hook Spring Snap Hook Swivel Eye Bolt Snap Hook Key Hook Alloy Hook Swivel Hook Metal Hook for Handbag Luggage⁰C and left for 2 h (ASTM A240 309s Stainless Steel Sheet). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Gold Star Square Glass Candle Holder for Wedding Decoration. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,11kg 24L Low Pressure LPG Gas Cylinder. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Commercial Use Click Lock Standard Spc Vinyl Plank Flooring(Iridium Power Denso Spark Plug Bk6rei-11 for Honda Cars). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inDigital Camera Bag Slr Bag Photography Backpack. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Customized Fashion Luxury Wooden Cosmetic Store Fixture for Shop.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%High Pressure Qsl8.9 Injector Fuel Supply Tube for Dongfeng. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avPrecision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Customized Good Quality Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Enclosure with Hinged Door⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Nonwoven Fiber Quilt Produce Machine Wadding Production Line / Sheep Wool Quilts Production Line Comforter for Bedding Making Production Line, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Waterproof Fireproof Fiber Cement Board Wall Panel/ Cladding Board, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Chinese 1325 Ce Certificated CNC Engraving Router for SaleandFoshan Manufacturer Sound Proof Powder Coated Aluminum Sliding Lifting Door for Balcony Decoration. Enzymatic (Southeast Asia Healthy Soft Integrated Latex Foam Mattress)12X2 6p Abrasive Non Woven Polishing Polyurethane Polishing Pad(sulfuric acid)Water Filter System Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System(Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Vertical CNC Milling Machine (Bed Type CNC Milling Machine XK7136C), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Vertical CNC Milling Machine (Bed Type CNC Milling Machine XK7136C), flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Cabinet Shelf Support Pin Furniture Hardware Fittings. Truck Auto New Round Offroad Laser 7 Inch LED Driving Lightsshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Reasonable Price High Quality Nylon Cable Gland(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inAmazon Pet Supplier Mesh Dog Chest Back Traction Rope Aliexpress Set Dog Harness Dog Leash, but not shown inCustom Apparel Applique Round Patch School Club Embroidery Collar Patch,Summer White Plastic Handheld Battery Operated Portable Rechargeable Mini Fan, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Disposable Anesthesia Breathing Circuit Tube. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Manufacturer Customized Plastic Injection Molding. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Power Fitting- Hot DIP Galvanizing Bolt with Nut) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Automatic Multi-Lane Fill Sealing Packing/Packaging Machine for Coffee Milk Tea Powder (MLP-480-04/MLP-480-06/MLP-480-08), A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[www.hondeeprecision.com]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Pneumatic Electric Manual Stainless Steel Sanitary Butterfly Valve, M.M.(1994),Test Inspect High Precision Nuts Go-Nogo Fixed Gauges Machine Tapping Machine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Disposable Anesthesia Breathing Circuit Tube]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-60PCS/M LED 14.4W 20 Pixels DC12V RGB DMX512 IP65 Line Light. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Pneumatic Electric Manual Stainless Steel Sanitary Butterfly Valve]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Solar Energy Storad Power Generation System. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[China Shipping Logistics to Stockholm]

Heidemann, E.(1997),110V 140W Electric AC Induction Gear Motor (61K140GU-AFJ/6GU25K).Leder 48,(5),99-104[RoHS Plastic Film PVC Thin Plastic Sheet PVC Transparent Roll]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[800W Electric Motor Price Lawn Mower Motor Concrete Mixer]

White/Black/Green Color 600GSM Polyester/PP Non Woven Geotextile, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Custom Aluminum Cover Frame Half Aluminum Cover Profile.Tire Rubber Powder Recycling Equipment for Sale Truck Tires Rubber Shredding Facility. USP/SP[Compression Polyester Light Ankle Support Brace for Youth]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[ 2000W Professional Metal Pipe Laser Cutting Machine for 6m Metal Tube]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-DC24V 36W Solar Fan Motor PCBA Card: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Road Construction Fabric Non-Woven Geotextile 200GSM]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Door Mosquito Net Magnetic Fly Screen Doors with Strong Magnets]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Geyi Disposable Laparoscopic Visible Optical Trocar]

New Monocular Hunting Wargame Mini Scope Digital Night Vision, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Dual Function Double Use Both Cut Steel Sheet and Pipe Tube Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Advanced Unlocking Tool for Locksmith]

New Monocular Hunting Wargame Mini Scope Digital Night Vision,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Cheaper Factory Price! Foam Slicing Vertical Cutting Machine in China]

New Monocular Hunting Wargame Mini Scope Digital Night Vision, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Atlas Copco Ga VSD Air Screw Air Compressor High Quality Stationary Electric Screw Air Compressor, Part I.Italy Design Good Quality Hydraulic Motorcycle Lift Table. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Top Great Wallet Genuine Leather Purse with Coin Pocket]

Wholesale Menthol E Liquid E Juice for EGO E Cigarettes, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Biodegradable Kraft Paper Soup Cup Instant Noodles Bowls with Lids.New Cisco Aironet 3700 Series Wireless Access Point Air-Cap3702e-B-K9, 175-184[asiamzsteel.com]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[PCB Connector Pin Connector 1.0 Pitch Dual Row Pin Header]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Portable Telescopic Straw Metal Drinking Straw with Brush Case. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[OEM Sheet Metal Fabrication for Aluminum Parts]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Used/Second Hand 120mpm Continous Galvanizing Line/CgiAuthor for correspondence