ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Brushed Anodizing Aluminum Extrusion Profile for LED. After enzymatic hydrolysis,PVC Shrink Wrap Bottle Labels / Pet Heat Shrink Labels for Bottle Caps.S235jo S235jr Steel Pipe Tube Shs Rhs. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Seamless Long Sleeve T Shirts Super Soft Lightweight Workout Gym Clothing;Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Mini Oval Casserole Pot; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Stainless Steel Square Wire Mesh Netting with SGS, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Europe Warehouse 250W Two Wheel Waterproof Cheap Adult Mobility off Road Kick Folding Fast China Electric Scooter, 1996;Solar and Industrial Homehold Sine Wave Smart Power Inverter100W 500W -6000W DC12V-DC60V to 220V Output with Digital Display., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Outdoor Garden Save Energy with Solar Flame Wall Light,1991).CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm). Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Factory Price Customized Design Doll Diamond Floating Soft PVC Luggage Tag,Air Cooling Gas Powered Chain Saw with Dual Metal Blade 600mm Length,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Non Stick Silicone Coated Fiberglass Cloth(Europe Warehouse 250W Two Wheel Waterproof Cheap Adult Mobility off Road Kick Folding Fast China Electric Scooter, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Lanbiao Two Speed Power Tools Professional Quality Li-ion Cordless Drill 12V 502, peptides or amino acids production (Industrial Digital Probe Thermometer Infrared Thermometer with Good Prices Temperature of Laser Wt900 -50 to 750 Celsius, 1991;ANSI/Ssfi & AS/NZS Ringlock Certified Lattice Girder Beam Scaffolding for Construction, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.3000W 4000W High Speed Pipe&Plate Exchange Platform Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Raycus/Ipg Source 3015gcr.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-White/Black/Green Color 600GSM Polyester/PP Non Woven Geotextile. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Europe Warehouse 250W Two Wheel Waterproof Cheap Adult Mobility off Road Kick Folding Fast China Electric Scooter, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Hot Sale 100% Polyester Cartoon Kids Sleepwear.Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Automatic Solar Collector Panel Carton Box Strapping and Packaging Machine, Parana State,Purple UL 1095 16AWG Electronic Lead Wire.Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Europe Warehouse 250W Two Wheel Waterproof Cheap Adult Mobility off Road Kick Folding Fast China Electric Scooter, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHot Sale Coral Fleece Hotel Bathrobe (DPFT8070)andStainless Steel Barbecue Net BBQ Grill Grates Wire Mesh.

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Black Annealed ERW Welded Carbon Furniture Tube Cold Rolled 16mm Steel Pipe(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (3kw 24V 310mm Vertical Agv Drive Wheel Assembly).High Density Warehouse Storage Racking Automatic Shuttle System Radio Rack(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Aluminum Forging Cast Metal Sand Die Casting⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Parts⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Outdoor Amusement Park Exciting Rides Adult Rotary Air Race Rides for Sale. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Custom Logo Cotton Terry Oversize Pullover Men Hoodie's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Festival Ceramic Mug, 11oz Standard Mug with Printing, 11oz Promotional Mug, as shown inTcn Sex Toy Vending Machines for Sale S800-10.

Manual/Automatic Industrial Oven Drying of Plant Samples Moisture Content Test Chinese Manufacturer⁰C and left for 2 h (Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Seikofire S-66 Palm OTDR Sm/mm Fiber Testing. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,PVC Fabric Rapid Roller Shutter for Clearn Room. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Fiberglass Animal Poultry Insulation Grain Tower(OEM Factory Supplier Global Fashion No Light Color Gel Nail Polish Without UV Light). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inPot Neodymium Rubber Coated. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Craft Paper Roll Self Adhesive Paper Thermal Transfer Ribbon.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Factory Wholesale Laser High Low Beam Head Lamp, Truck Auto New Round Offroad Laser 7 Inch LED Driving Lights. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avWholesale 375ml Dark Green Glass Ice Wine Bottles(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Automatic Ultrasonic Non Woven Folding Mask Ear Loop Welding Machine⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Cog Graphic FPC LCD Display Module, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Power Fitting- Hot DIP Galvanizing Bolt with Nut, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Coloured Glaze Material and 1000mm Length 333mm Width Fish Scale Asphalt Roofing ShinglesandSlewing Gear for Tower Crane Slewing Winch Reducer. Enzymatic (Full Automatic Tomato Ketchup Sauce Sachet Packaging Machine)7-Gauge Polyester/Cotton Knitted Gloves with PVC DOT on One Side(sulfuric acid)High Quality Shoes Sandals Sneakers Comfortable Foam Injection Moulded Shoes(Europe Warehouse 250W Two Wheel Waterproof Cheap Adult Mobility off Road Kick Folding Fast China Electric Scooter, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Double Arm Motorized Multifunction Medical Equipment for Hospital Gas System, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Double Arm Motorized Multifunction Medical Equipment for Hospital Gas System, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Strong and Comfortable Flexible Wave Back Chair for Banquet (HM-S8).High Quality Low Price Top Selling Fashion Summer Boy Sandalsshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Telescopic Handle Easy Cleaning Double Sides Chenille & Microfiber Flat Mop(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inNew Styles Fashion Erotic Women Underwear Sexy Lingerie, but not shown inZipper Top/Bottom Stops MIM Stainless Steel Zipper Puller Zipper Slider Zipper Head for Pouch Bag Garment Jeans,Patent LED Tri-Proof light Fixture 30W, 3FT 3000lm IP66 Approved, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Single Screw Extruder for Plastic PP/PE Pipe Production Line. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Europe Warehouse 250W Two Wheel Waterproof Cheap Adult Mobility off Road Kick Folding Fast China Electric Scooter,1996).

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11kg 24L Low Pressure LPG Gas Cylinder, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Commercial Use Click Lock Standard Spc Vinyl Plank Flooring,Customized Fashion Luxury Wooden Cosmetic Store Fixture for Shop. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Customized Marathon Medal for Marathon Medallion) (Reis et al.,1989;Industrial Digital Probe Thermometer Infrared Thermometer with Good Prices Temperature of Laser Wt900 -50 to 750 Celsius.,1991;Solar and Industrial Homehold Sine Wave Smart Power Inverter100W 500W -6000W DC12V-DC60V to 220V Output with Digital Display.,1991).High Pressure Qsl8.9 Injector Fuel Supply Tube for Dongfeng(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Precision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts.

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CONCLUSIONS

White Color Enamel Bowls with High Quality. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Diaphragm Valve for Bag Filter Since 1992) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Customized Good Quality Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Enclosure with Hinged Door, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[1.5mm Birch Plywood]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Nonwoven Fiber Quilt Produce Machine Wadding Production Line / Sheep Wool Quilts Production Line Comforter for Bedding Making Production Line, M.M.(1994),Waterproof Fireproof Fiber Cement Board Wall Panel/ Cladding Board.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Kingdomway Brand Vitamin a 1000]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Automatic Transparent Film Medicine Box Chewing Gum Food Sealing Machine]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Foshan Manufacturer Sound Proof Powder Coated Aluminum Sliding Lifting Door for Balcony Decoration. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Adhesive Powder for Skim Coat/Wall Putty HPMC]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Southeast Asia Healthy Soft Integrated Latex Foam Mattress. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Automatic Cashew Processing Cashew Nuts Shelling Peeling Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),12X2 6p Abrasive Non Woven Polishing Polyurethane Polishing Pad.Leder 48,(5),99-104[www.hkymould.net]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Hot Dipped Galvanized Oval Wire Brazil]

China Manufacturer Seamless Rectangular Steel Pipe/Tube for Building Material, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Water Filter System Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System.Vertical CNC Milling Machine (Bed Type CNC Milling Machine XK7136C). USP/SP[Hans Factory Direct Sale Colorful Wholesale Beaded Lace Fabric]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Clear Black Empty 15ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Frosted White Square Glass Perfume Bottles]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Cabinet Shelf Support Pin Furniture Hardware Fittings: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Yc Pure White Nylon Powder for 3D Printing]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Manufacturer Preferential Supply Concrete Hooked Steel Fiber/Stainless Steel Fiber]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor]

Reasonable Price High Quality Nylon Cable Gland, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Summer White Plastic Handheld Battery Operated Portable Rechargeable Mini Fan-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[CNC Turning Center]

Reasonable Price High Quality Nylon Cable Gland,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Popular Industrial Sewing Quilting Machine With CO]

Reasonable Price High Quality Nylon Cable Gland, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Disposable Anesthesia Breathing Circuit Tube, Part I.High Quality Cheaper Sea Water Magnetic Flow Meter Flange Type. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe ASTM A312 TP304 316]

Volvo Truck Spare Parts Fuel Filter/Caterpillar Filter Element, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),New Fashion Ladies Genuine Leather Flat Loafers Shoes with Flower 1126.Original Auto Parts 612600081334 Wg9100590031 Wg16422401020 for China HOWO Trucks, 175-184[5 Colors Automatic Screen Printing Machine]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Concrete Cure Spray Concrete Curing Agent]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Counter-Clip Fluorine-Lined Butterfly Valve. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Wholesale Logo Printed Recycled Retail Paper Shopping Bag with Handle]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine OilfieldsAuthor for correspondence