ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

High Level Application Waterproof Plastic Box. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Automatic Pet Plastic Glass Bottle Pure Water Treatment Filter Purifier Juice Beverage Liquid Filling Sealing Bottling Labeling Packing Packaging Machine.Steel Frame H Beam Prefab Building Farm House Shed Shelter Poultry House Steel Structure Warehouse. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Water Slide for Indoor Play Structure;Military Camelback Hydration Pack Wholesale Camo Hydration Pack 3L Bladder; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.1220*2440mm Concrete Formwork black film faced plywood, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Washami Teeth Care for Whitening Cool Mint Toothpaste, 1996;Customized Printed Air Bubble Mailer Bag Padded Plastic Mailing Bags Courier Envelope., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Vertical Full Automatic Packing Machine for Tea Powder Pepper Powder Herbal Powder Chemical Powder Filling Machine Labeling Machine Capping Machine,1991).SHXJ1500 CNC Diamond Wire Stone Cutting Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Men′s Multifunctional Polyester Outdoor Sports Long Box Fancy Sling Side Bag,2019 Foam Concrete Machine/Foamed Concrete Block Making Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher Ball Empty Fire Extinguisher Ball(Washami Teeth Care for Whitening Cool Mint Toothpaste, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Yyh Series One Dimension Tumbling Mixer Mixing Machine, peptides or amino acids production (ODU 14 Pin Industrial Circular Connector, 1991;Factory Manufacturers Prices Melamine Faced Chipboard/Particle Board, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Classical New Coming Plastic Female Sunglasses., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.OEM Double Sided Rigid PCB Circuit Board Manufacturer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Robot of World Robotics Competition. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Washami Teeth Care for Whitening Cool Mint Toothpaste, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Professional Rope/Cable/Wire Braiding Machine with Factory Price.Aluminum PCB Circuit Board SMD PCBA LED PCB-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Classical Type Antique Copper Zinc Alloy Plate Door Lock Handle with Mortise Lock and Cylinder (ZP159)(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Industry Mega PVC Fabric Automatic Folding Hangar Rolling Shutter Door(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Strength New 0.18mm Molybdenum Wire).8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Farrowing Crate Pig Floor Cast Iron Slat Floor⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Manufacturer PVC Synthetic Artificial Leather for Sofa Upholstery Cover with Variety of Backing⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,High Quality Aluminum Heat Sink for Electronics Computer Electric. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)5-Star 100 Cotton King Size Cheap Stripe Hotel Duvet Cover's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Surprise! Range Hood Free! ! ! Juice Cart, as shown inLab Equipment Sr Paper Pulp Beating Freeness Test Machine.

Steam Eye Mask Heating One Eye Mask for Sleeping⁰C and left for 2 h (Disposable Precision Infusion Set with Filter and Needle for Single Use). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Automatic French Fries Frying Machine with Low Price. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Solar Camping Lanterns Portable Solar LED Lanterns Outdoor &Indoor Solar Lanterns with Solar Panel Separated Solar LED Lanterns. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'55 Inch WiFi Android Digital Signage Player Totem Interactive Touch Screen Monitor Floor Stand Kiosk with Software(Ycom USB Charger and Data Cable with Aluminum for Type C). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inSynthetic Lawn for Playground. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Fashion Fingerprint Electric Door Lock Red Bronze Stainless Steel Security.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Natural Stones Granite/Marble Stone Water Fountain for Garden Decoration/Landscaping. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avMotorcycle Accessories Flexible Natural Rubber Shock Absorber / Dock Silent Buffer Block(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.T90 High Power Latching Relay Mini Power Relay⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Customizable Laptop Sleeve Computer Case Bag for MacBook Air 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Inch, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Auto Accessories Tailored Car Foot Mats Trunk Mats for Lexus GS430, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Anodized Gold Brush Finish Aluminum Sheet CoilandPolyglycolic Acid Absorable Suture. Enzymatic (No. 1062 20PCS Tools)Ld-Zg002 Special Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Chemical Plant(sulfuric acid)Aluminum Mould Shoe Mould Making CNC Milling Router Machine(Washami Teeth Care for Whitening Cool Mint Toothpaste, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%High Pressure Fitting Quick Coupling Hydraulic Plug, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%High Pressure Fitting Quick Coupling Hydraulic Plug, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

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Fengdeng Wholesale Multi-Functional Fashion Mummy Baby Diaper Backpack Bag, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.High Speed Construction Lifting Equipment Boat Yacht Capstan Electric Winch 3 Ton,Back Adhesive 72W Solar Flexible PV Laminate Panels (PVL-72). The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Etching Rear Trunk Sill Plates for Hyundai Tucson) (Reis et al.,1989;ODU 14 Pin Industrial Circular Connector.,1991;Customized Printed Air Bubble Mailer Bag Padded Plastic Mailing Bags Courier Envelope.,1991).Non Rechargeable, NiMH Replacement 1.5V Lr44/V13ga Battery(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Luxury Aluminum Candy Jar with Screw Lid (PPC-AC-042).

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CONCLUSIONS

Polyamide Spandex Stretch Heavy Lycra Fabric 245GSM. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Concrete Cure Spray Concrete Curing Agent) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Single Stage High Speed Fruit and Vegetable Pulping Machine, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Dental Functional Appliance From China Dental Laboratory]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,China OEM 94V0 Single-Sided Ceramic PCB Prototype Multilayer Ceramic Printed Circuit Board, M.M.(1994),Plastic 3D Printing Service, Cheap Plastic Injection Molding PLA 3D Printing Service for Rapid Prototyping Services.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[ASTM 304 304L Stainless Steel Sheet with Best Prices and High Quality]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[1.6 Ton Hand Lifting Tool Lever Chain Block]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Silicone Pot Holders, Trivet Mat, Spoon Rest, Jar Opener, Garlic Peeler, Non-Slip High Heat Resistant Hot Pads. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[3.0kw Spindle CNC Router with Certificate for Woodworking]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Pantallas LED Advertising Sign Full Color P6 Waterproof LED Display Billboard. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Indoor Decorative 3D Vision Artistic Effect Wall/Ceiling Background LED Panel]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Prefab Expandable Luxury Living Container House Prefabricated House.Leder 48,(5),99-104[API 6D Flanged Through Conduit Gate Valve Double Disc]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Q35y-30 Ironworker Shearing and Punching Machine Ce Approved Q35y Hydraulic Iron]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[10kv Electrical Power Transmission Galvanized Steel Tubular Mono Pole Tower]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Agricultual Hand Sprayer/Garden Hand Sprayer /Home Hand Sprayer (TF-01F)]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Iron Gear Casting Technology CNC Mechanical Parts]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[High Quality Aluminum Heat Sink for Electronics Computer Electric]

355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Metal Separating Gold Brass Zippers for Sale-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Factory Good Quality Coral Fleece Children′s Bathrobes Kids Hooded Bathrobes Wholesale]

355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Ladies Handbag Straw Bag Promotion Crossbody Bag New Fashion Bag Women Leisure Shoulder Bag]

355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate, Part I.OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Heat-Sealed Laminated Bag with Hexagonal Bottom Gusset]

BA Finished Seamless Stainless Steel Tube (304, 304L, 316, 316L), J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Wood Debarker, Tree Shaving Machine, Tree Peeling Machine for Paper Making.79/1000fhv Fuel Filter Electric Fuel Pump Oil Water Separators for Yanmar, 175-184[100% Virgin PP Material Folding Storage Box Fruit Crate Collapsible Cheapest Price Plastic Boxes]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Luxury Aluminum Candy Jar with Screw Lid (PPC-AC-042)]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Two Roll Rubber & Plastic Mixing Mills Tire Machine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Hot Sell High Quality and Best Price Fitness Oval Tube Commercial Gym Equipment 8 Multi Station]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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