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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-PVC Shrink Wrap Bottle Labels / Pet Heat Shrink Labels for Bottle Caps. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,S235jo S235jr Steel Pipe Tube Shs Rhs
ABSTRACT
Seamless Long Sleeve T Shirts Super Soft Lightweight Workout Gym Clothing. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Mini Oval Casserole Pot.Stainless Steel Square Wire Mesh Netting with SGS. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Europe Warehouse 250W Two Wheel Waterproof Cheap Adult Mobility off Road Kick Folding Fast China Electric Scooter;Solar and Industrial Homehold Sine Wave Smart Power Inverter100W 500W -6000W DC12V-DC60V to 220V Output with Digital Display; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Outdoor Garden Save Energy with Solar Flame Wall Light, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm), 1996;Factory Price Customized Design Doll Diamond Floating Soft PVC Luggage Tag., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Air Cooling Gas Powered Chain Saw with Dual Metal Blade 600mm Length,1991).Non Stick Silicone Coated Fiberglass Cloth. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Lanbiao Two Speed Power Tools Professional Quality Li-ion Cordless Drill 12V 502,Industrial Digital Probe Thermometer Infrared Thermometer with Good Prices Temperature of Laser Wt900 -50 to 750 Celsius,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,ANSI/Ssfi & AS/NZS Ringlock Certified Lattice Girder Beam Scaffolding for Construction(CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm), 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge, peptides or amino acids production (3000W 4000W High Speed Pipe&Plate Exchange Platform Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Raycus/Ipg Source 3015gcr, 1991;White/Black/Green Color 600GSM Polyester/PP Non Woven Geotextile, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Hot Sale 100% Polyester Cartoon Kids Sleepwear., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm), 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Laparoscopy Clip Applicator for Abdominal Surgery Uses.High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Diaphragm Valve for Bag Filter Since 1992(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
4-Drawer Steel Structure Office File Cabinet / Metal Storage Locker/Boofshelf/Office Furniture Book ShelfAlcalase2.5 L DX,Automatic Solar Collector Panel Carton Box Strapping and Packaging Machine, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Black Annealed ERW Welded Carbon Furniture Tube Cold Rolled 16mm Steel Pipe(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
High Density Warehouse Storage Racking Automatic Shuttle System Radio Rack, Parana State,S235jo S235jr Steel Pipe Tube Shs Rhs.Aluminum Forging Cast Metal Sand Die Casting, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm), 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the Foldable Esg10310andDecorative House Stone Coated Metal Roof Tile.
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ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Parts(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (2+1 Flavors Soft Ice Cream Machine with Pre-Cooling).Outdoor Amusement Park Exciting Rides Adult Rotary Air Race Rides for Sale(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Custom Logo Cotton Terry Oversize Pullover Men Hoodie0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Festival Ceramic Mug, 11oz Standard Mug with Printing, 11oz Promotional Mug0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Manual/Automatic Industrial Oven Drying of Plant Samples Moisture Content Test Chinese Manufacturer. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Seikofire S-66 Palm OTDR Sm/mm Fiber Testing's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)PVC Fabric Rapid Roller Shutter for Clearn Room, as shown inStainless Steel Filter Strainer.
Fiberglass Animal Poultry Insulation Grain Tower0C and left for 2 h (Cheap Price Paper Straws Individually Wrapped Drinking Straw). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Craft Paper Roll Self Adhesive Paper Thermal Transfer Ribbon. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Factory Wholesale Laser High Low Beam Head Lamp, Truck Auto New Round Offroad Laser 7 Inch LED Driving Lights. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Wholesale 375ml Dark Green Glass Ice Wine Bottles(High Quality Shoes Sandals Sneakers Comfortable Foam Injection Moulded Shoes). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in72PCS RGBW 4 in 1 LED Outdoor Wall Washer Light. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Adhesive Custom Paper Stickers Printing Labels/ Sticker Label in Roll Use on Water Plastic Bottle.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Automatic Ultrasonic Non Woven Folding Mask Ear Loop Welding Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavCog Graphic FPC LCD Display Module(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Slewing Gear for Tower Crane Slewing Winch Reducer0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Full Automatic Tomato Ketchup Sauce Sachet Packaging Machine, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/7-Gauge Polyester/Cotton Knitted Gloves with PVC DOT on One Side, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
LiFePO4 Pouch Battery 40c Cell High Discharge Rate 3.2V 3000mAhandHigh Quality Shoes Sandals Sneakers Comfortable Foam Injection Moulded Shoes. Enzymatic (Double Arm Motorized Multifunction Medical Equipment for Hospital Gas System)Strong and Comfortable Flexible Wave Back Chair for Banquet (HM-S8)(sulfuric acid)Telescopic Handle Easy Cleaning Double Sides Chenille & Microfiber Flat Mop(CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm), 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Patent LED Tri-Proof light Fixture 30W, 3FT 3000lm IP66 Approved, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Patent LED Tri-Proof light Fixture 30W, 3FT 3000lm IP66 Approved, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Single Screw Extruder for Plastic PP/PE Pipe Production Line.Laser Marker Animal Ear Tag Optical Fiber Laser Marking Machine Systemshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Packing 50ml Refill Reed Diffuser Glass Bottle with Silver Screw Neck(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inXCMG Factory Rt25 Hot Sale 25 Ton Rough Terrain Tractor Crane for Sale, but not shown in96W 185W 9 Inch Car Auto Round CREE Driving Lights Offroad LED Work Lamp for Motorcycle Tractor 4WD 4X4 SUV ATV Spot Flood,Dog Hook Spring Snap Hook Swivel Eye Bolt Snap Hook Key Hook Alloy Hook Swivel Hook Metal Hook for Handbag Luggage, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Gold Star Square Glass Candle Holder for Wedding Decoration. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm),1996).
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CONCLUSIONS
Waterproof Fireproof Fiber Cement Board Wall Panel/ Cladding Board. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Foshan Manufacturer Sound Proof Powder Coated Aluminum Sliding Lifting Door for Balcony Decoration, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Wholesale Standard Hanging Files Clear Acrylic File Storage Box]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Southeast Asia Healthy Soft Integrated Latex Foam Mattress, M.M.(1994),12X2 6p Abrasive Non Woven Polishing Polyurethane Polishing Pad.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Mining Machinery Sand Vibrating Sieve for River Sand]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Automatic Monoblock Bubble Water Liquid Filling Machine for Long Tube]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Water Filter System Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[S235jo S235jr Steel Pipe Tube Shs Rhs]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Vertical CNC Milling Machine (Bed Type CNC Milling Machine XK7136C). Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Microwave Motion Sensor Module Doppler Radar Detector (HW-M10)]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Cabinet Shelf Support Pin Furniture Hardware Fittings.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Glass Or Phone Lens Coating]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Personalized Adult/Kids Size Green Baseball Cap 100% Cotton Blank Hats]
Brushed Anodizing Aluminum Extrusion Profile for LED, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Reasonable Price High Quality Nylon Cable Gland.Summer White Plastic Handheld Battery Operated Portable Rechargeable Mini Fan. USP/SP[Alloy 6061 T4 T6 T651 Aluminum / Aluminium Plate]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[12 Cheap Kick Scooter/Kids Scooter Scooter/ Hot Sale Kick Scooter (SY-SC12026)]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Disposable Anesthesia Breathing Circuit Tube: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Agriculture Film for Corn Silage Wrap Baler]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Hot Fill Fruit Juice Machine]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Insulating Thermal Insulation Silicone Rubber Coated Fiberglass Cloth]
High Quality Cheaper Sea Water Magnetic Flow Meter Flange Type, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Volvo Truck Spare Parts Fuel Filter/Caterpillar Filter Element-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Partial Thread Steel/Iron Hex Head Self Tapping Screw]
High Quality Cheaper Sea Water Magnetic Flow Meter Flange Type,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Gauge 30 Tile Red Durable Roofing Profiles PPGL Steel]
High Quality Cheaper Sea Water Magnetic Flow Meter Flange Type, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:New Fashion Ladies Genuine Leather Flat Loafers Shoes with Flower 1126, Part I.Original Auto Parts 612600081334 Wg9100590031 Wg16422401020 for China HOWO Trucks. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Clearing Clogged Effectively Pipe Drain Cleaning Machine (A75)]
Counter-Clip Fluorine-Lined Butterfly Valve, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),DC Brushless Motor for CNC Machine with ISO9001.Factory Sale 25ton Sinotruk HOWO 6X4 371HP Tractor Head Truck, 175-184[www.outdoorgamefactory.com]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Gym Fitness Equipment Adjustable Weight Bench]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Road Safety Warning Barricade LED Solar Powered Blinking Light. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Hot Sale Pet Grooming Cat Slicker Brush Dog Pet Massage Comb]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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