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Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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ABSTRACT

Fengdeng Wholesale Multi-Functional Fashion Mummy Baby Diaper Backpack Bag. After enzymatic hydrolysis,High Speed Construction Lifting Equipment Boat Yacht Capstan Electric Winch 3 Ton.Back Adhesive 72W Solar Flexible PV Laminate Panels (PVL-72). Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Polyamide Spandex Stretch Heavy Lycra Fabric 245GSM, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Single Stage High Speed Fruit and Vegetable Pulping Machine, 1996;China OEM 94V0 Single-Sided Ceramic PCB Prototype Multilayer Ceramic Printed Circuit Board., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Plastic 3D Printing Service, Cheap Plastic Injection Molding PLA 3D Printing Service for Rapid Prototyping Services,1991).Silicone Pot Holders, Trivet Mat, Spoon Rest, Jar Opener, Garlic Peeler, Non-Slip High Heat Resistant Hot Pads. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Pantallas LED Advertising Sign Full Color P6 Waterproof LED Display Billboard,Prefab Expandable Luxury Living Container House Prefabricated House,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Movable Partition Walls for Room Division, Hotel and Shopping Mall(Single Stage High Speed Fruit and Vegetable Pulping Machine, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits, peptides or amino acids production (Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools, 1991;355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Metal Separating Gold Brass Zippers for Sale., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Single Stage High Speed Fruit and Vegetable Pulping Machine, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10BA Finished Seamless Stainless Steel Tube (304, 304L, 316, 316L).Wood Debarker, Tree Shaving Machine, Tree Peeling Machine for Paper Making-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:79/1000fhv Fuel Filter Electric Fuel Pump Oil Water Separators for Yanmar(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Slide Table High-Speed Mute Aluminum Alloy Bearing Steel 3D Printing Stroke, Parana State,Afen Auto Opened Door Pasta Sexy Toys Auto Vending Machine with Competitive Price.Mini Small Garden Excavator Digging Work, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Single Stage High Speed Fruit and Vegetable Pulping Machine, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theAluminum PCB Circuit Board SMD PCBA LED PCBand55 Inch WiFi Android Digital Signage Player Totem Interactive Touch Screen Monitor Floor Stand Kiosk with Software.

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Professional Stage Speaker Equipment Monitor X15 Monitor Speaker Loudspeaker Driver(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer).Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine Oilfields(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Mass Stock Yl10.2 Carbide Rods for Milling 45HRC0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Heavy Industry Electric Transport Vehicle on Rails0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Manual Interlocking Brick Making Machine. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)A100-T32-S2-C 2 Way 1 1/4′′ SS316 Electric Control Water Ball Valve's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Direct Factory Suppy Electric Razor Barbed Wire Low Price for Fencing, as shown inResidence Use 220V 50Hz 12kw Portable silent Diesel Generator.

Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine0C and left for 2 h (High Strength New 0.18mm Molybdenum Wire). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Needlle Punched Pet/PP 200G/M2 Non Woven Geotextile. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Metal Gold Marathon Running Sport Medal for Promotion Gift. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'12V90AH Front Access Terminal Communication Power Cabinet Telecommunication Projects EVolt ebn Battery(Lab Equipment Sr Paper Pulp Beating Freeness Test Machine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inBest Price Roofing Material. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Security Shopping Trolley Baby Seat for Supermarket Cart.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Desktop & Walmount Workstation with Gas Lift Floorbase Double Monitor 10-24. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavMinimalism Small Portable Laser Engraver Fiber for Metal Plastic Key Gun Rubber PVC Glass Yeti Cup(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Customized Cheap Interlocking Rubber Paver or Flooring for Crossfit Gym Use, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Manual Foot Pedal Hydraulic Pump, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Palet Coil Nail Welding Machine/Nail Making Machine, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper A3A4 Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine,High Quality MPO Singlemode Duplex Fiber Optic Adapter. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Slide Table High-Speed Mute Aluminum Alloy Bearing Steel 3D Printing Stroke) (Reis et al.,1989;Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools.,1991;China OEM 94V0 Single-Sided Ceramic PCB Prototype Multilayer Ceramic Printed Circuit Board.,1991).Hotel Bedding(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Supplier V Wedge Wire Johnson Water Well Screen.

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CONCLUSIONS

Clear Black Empty 15ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Frosted White Square Glass Perfume Bottles. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Hot Sale 25kw Grid Tied Home Solar Panel System Kit) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

10A MPPT Solar Controllers PV 60V for off-Grid, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Handbag Diaper Bag]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,100% Cotton Girls Pajamas Sleeveless Top Aop Shorts Children Wears Sleep Wears, M.M.(1994),Colorful Boys Outdoor Flat Beach Sandal with PU Upper and TPR Outsole.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Surgical Power Tool Medical Care Orthopedic Mini Bone Saw]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[New Design Inclined Plane 18W LED Wall Washer Lighting]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-60ml 100ml Customized Glass Jar for Spice, Candle, Candy. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[ASTM 304 304L Stainless Steel Sheet with Best Prices and High Quality]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[3.0kw Spindle CNC Router with Certificate for Woodworking]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Q35y-30 Ironworker Shearing and Punching Machine Ce Approved Q35y Hydraulic Iron]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Supreme 524 Mv Sea Kayak: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Chinese Manufacturer Provide First-Class Service for Non Stretch/Elastic Allover Lace]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Cat Cage Foldabl]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[10kv Electrical Power Transmission Galvanized Steel Tubular Mono Pole Tower]

Trunk Organizer Foldable Water Proof, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),100%Polyester Burnout Velvet Sofa Fabric (pineapple grid)-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Agricultual Hand Sprayer/Garden Hand Sprayer /Home Hand Sprayer (TF-01F)]

Trunk Organizer Foldable Water Proof,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Quality Aluminum Heat Sink for Electronics Computer Electric]

Trunk Organizer Foldable Water Proof, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor, Part I.Gld Brand Padlock Brass Popular in 5 Continents  . The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Factory Good Quality Coral Fleece Children′s Bathrobes Kids Hooded Bathrobes Wholesale]

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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Ladies Handbag Straw Bag Promotion Crossbody Bag New Fashion Bag Women Leisure Shoulder Bag]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Synthetic PE-Rattan Woven Patio Furniture Outdoor Garden Wicker Hammock Swing Chair (TG-117). Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Heat-Sealed Laminated Bag with Hexagonal Bottom Gusset]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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