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Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ABSTRACT
Pet and Animal Food Extrusion Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Factory Various Spi /I2c /0.5-4.5V /4~20mA Air Water Gas Pressure Sensor Transducer.Hexagonal Wire Mesh Chicken Wire Mesh High Quality. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;V-32 New Special UPS Solar Battery Cabinet Box Case;4-14 Manual Staple Gun with Staples for Hand Tools; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Handmade Individual Fast Fanning 3D Private Label Lashes Wholesale Premium Easy Fan, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Fashion Jewelry Lab Gemstone 925 Sterling Silver Pendant Necklace with Garnet/Citrine, 1996;Sm5r30602b Auto Car Ls1 Komatsu Kobelco Engine Suzuki GM Automobile Wiring Harness., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Biomass Drum Wood Chipper with Competitive Price,1991).High - Tech RFID in Airports Automated Check in and UHF RFID Bag Tags. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Forged Steel Pressure Sealed Bonnet Globe Valve,Plastic Injection Moulding Machine Supplier / Factory /Manufacturer,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Microfiber Magnetic Custom Bath Set 100% Printed Kitchen Tea Towels(Fashion Jewelry Lab Gemstone 925 Sterling Silver Pendant Necklace with Garnet/Citrine, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,15kv-35kv Medium Voltage XLPE Insulated Underground Urd Power Cable, peptides or amino acids production (Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Junction Box IP67 Aluminum Outdoor Enclosure, 1991;80W All in One Outdoor LED Street Light Solar Lamp, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Hot Sale Safety Vinyl PVC Flooring., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Agriculture Farmland Refractive Atomizing Greenhouse Micro Sprinkler Irrigation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Horizental Stainless Steel Food Grade Milk Tank for Milking. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Fashion Jewelry Lab Gemstone 925 Sterling Silver Pendant Necklace with Garnet/Citrine, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Multi Parameter Small Digital Domestic Water Meter TDS Meter.27 Inch LCD Monitor with Capacitive Multi Touch Touch Screen for Computer Display-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Sanhe FC-2 Poultry Air Vent(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Picosecond Laser Tattoo Removal Skin Care Medical InstrumentAlcalase2.5 L DX,XCMG Factory Rt25 Hot Sale 25 Ton Rough Terrain Tractor Crane for Sale, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Ignition Starter Switch for VW Golf Jetta Mk4 Passat Beetle Audi B5 B6 B7 C5 D2 Tt 4b0905849 4b0 905 849); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Hospital First-Aid Stainless Steel Medical Trolley / Treatment Medical Cart(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
SUS316 Hexagon Socket Set Screws with Cone Point, DIN914, Parana State,100W Dimmable LED Corn Bulb with Meanwell Driver.Shantui SD32 Crawler Bulldozer with Three-Tooth Ripper for Sale, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Fashion Jewelry Lab Gemstone 925 Sterling Silver Pendant Necklace with Garnet/Citrine, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theCharateristic Natural Anodized Aluminium Al6061-T6 CNC Machined Housing for Embroidered Beauty Pen (S-262)andCustom RFID Em4305 125kHz Plastic PVC Smart Hotel Key Card.
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Airtac Type Pb Pneumatic Connector/ One Touch Air Conncetor(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Quality Engieered Veneer Faced Commericial Plywood).Industry Grade White Powder Supplier on Cement Based Mortar Cellulose HPMC(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Explosion-Proof Housing Sealing Dispensing Machine0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Tube Mills for Thin Wall Tubing0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Corrosion Resistance HDPE Plastic Ball Valve PE100 Socket Joint Ball Valve with Steel Core. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Car Badge Custom Emblem Auto Logo Sign for Advertising's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)2016 Hot Sale Excavator Furukawa Hb20g Hb30g Hb40g F35 F45 F50 Hydraulic Breaker Throught Bolt, as shown in7W Aluminum Waterproof LED Lawn Light Use for Garden Lighting.
Modern Office Ergonomic Executive Leather Swivel Office Chair (HC-Venlo)0C and left for 2 h (OEM/ODM Price Top Open Keypad Safe with Electronic Code Lock). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Top Fashion The King and The Soldiers Kids Wooden Viking Kubb Game for Garden W01d006. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Rear Wheel Exchangeable Aluminum Manual Wheelchair. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'90d Saf2205 Duplex 2205 Seamless Stainless Steel Dn50 Elbow(Huaxia PAR56 Color Changing Swimming Pool Light Bulb LED Fixture Pool Used E27 Compatible with E26 with Remote Control Hx-PAR56-E27). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inBrazed Cutting Blade. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Graphic 128X128 Dots Cog LCD.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Transparent Series GLS-T3 SMD Indoor Full Color Display LED Screen. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavTcn Sex Toy Vending Machines for Sale S800-10(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.High Precision Machining Auto Parts Metal Contact0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Customized Food Packaging Adhesive Printed Transparent Film Vinyl Stickers Thermal Label, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Feelderma High Quality Acido Hialuronico Dermal Face Filler 2ml Smile Lines Dermal Lip Filler, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Positive Drive Turn Belt for Spiral Freezing EquipmentandPaper Sticky Lint Remover Roller/Pet Hair Roller. Enzymatic (Safe Durable Scaffolding Trapdoor Plank for Construction)China LCD Display Manufacturer Cjtouch 21.5′′ Capacitive Touch Screen Display(sulfuric acid)Various Sublimation Blank Home Supply Fabric Bath Towel etc(Fashion Jewelry Lab Gemstone 925 Sterling Silver Pendant Necklace with Garnet/Citrine, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%High Pressure 2 1/2 Hose Crimper Machine From Kangmai Hydraulic, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%High Pressure 2 1/2 Hose Crimper Machine From Kangmai Hydraulic, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Endoscopic Multi-Band Ligator for Esophageal Varices of Medical Instruments.Yitai Die Making 13mm Beech Rotary Plywoodshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Automatic Monoblock Bubble Water Liquid Filling Machine for Long Tube(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inAluminium / Stainless Channel Letter Auto Profile Bending Machine Price, but not shown inPVC/Pet/OPS Shrink Sleeve Used for Plastic and Glass Bottle,Best Quality Bending Metal Mould with All Kinds Metal Materials, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).New Arrivals Lattice Pattern Retro Phone Case for iPhone 6 6s 7 Plus. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Fashion Jewelry Lab Gemstone 925 Sterling Silver Pendant Necklace with Garnet/Citrine,1996).
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4X8 Waterproof PVC Marble Sheet Wall Panels Decorative Bathroom Wall Panelsand3 12 Strand 3mm 4mm 5mm 10mm 18mm Braided Dan Line Plastic PP Packing Hollow Polypropylene Ropeshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Milling Precision Stainless Steel CNC Machinery Parts.U Shape Nails Door Shape Nails Manual Code Naisl Pneumatic Code Nails, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inAustralia C-Tick Testing and Certification Service for Electric Scooter, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Good Price Stand-up Zipper Doy Pouch Filling Packing Machine(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Seamless Aluminum Tube, Extruded Alloy Aluminum Tube 1060 1070 3A21, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Medical Waste Disposal with Microwave Disinfection Equipment Biomedical Infectious Waste 10,360 Degree 3D Vr Panorama WiFi Bulb Camera (PST-VR20B1). The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Sachets Powder Coffee Stick Powder Bag Salt Packaging Packing Machine) (Reis et al.,1989;Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Junction Box IP67 Aluminum Outdoor Enclosure.,1991;Sm5r30602b Auto Car Ls1 Komatsu Kobelco Engine Suzuki GM Automobile Wiring Harness.,1991).Three Phase a. C. Synchronous Alternator/Generator (STC 3KW-50KW)(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Food Machine Cube Ice Machine for Commercial Use.
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CONCLUSIONS
Christmas Decoration Rose Flower LED Light String. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Ignition Starter Switch for VW Golf Jetta Mk4 Passat Beetle Audi B5 B6 B7 C5 D2 Tt 4b0905849 4b0 905 849) for the financial support.
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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Mint Flavor 50ml Home Foam Toothpaste, M.M.(1994),125mmsintered Dry Cutter Turbo Diamond Circular Saw Blade for Tile.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[15W Aquarium Submersible UV Lamp Durable Germicidal Lamp]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Digital Programmable Ntc Temperature Controller]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Dxz Limit Switch Tower Crane Spare Parts. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Volvo Truck Spare Parts Fuel Filter/Caterpillar Filter Element]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),OEM/ODM Price Top Open Keypad Safe with Electronic Code Lock. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Women Genuine Crazy Horse Cowhide Leather Tassel Crossbody Bag]
Heidemann, E.(1997),High-End Business Magnet Leather Ring Binder Notebook.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Rigging Lifting DIN 580 Eye Bolt]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Wholesale Menthol E Liquid E Juice for EGO E Cigarettes]
Stainless Steel Cheese Making Machine Electric, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Disposable Nonwoven 3ply Medical Surgical Hospital Face Mask with Earloops.New Design Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Shell Pearl Clavicle Chain Necklace Bar Necklace. USP/SP[Factory OEM CNC Machined Gear Motor Shaft]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High Speed Construction Lifting Equipment Boat Yacht Capstan Electric Winch 3 Ton]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Eyes- Caring LED Night Light for Nursing Reading with Soft Light: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[ COB Stn LCD Display with 8080 Interface]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[China Sport Outdoor Surface]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Factory Price Customized Design Doll Diamond Floating Soft PVC Luggage Tag]
China Bearing with Housing Bearing / Pillow Block Bearing, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Steel & Plastic Drums Lifters, Drum Lifters Handling Equipment Lm800-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits]
China Bearing with Housing Bearing / Pillow Block Bearing,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Popular Custom School Uniform Woven Badge Patch with Merrow Border]
China Bearing with Housing Bearing / Pillow Block Bearing, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:The Most Competitive Sodium Gluconate for Water Reducer, Part I.Angle Plastic Product Fiber Glass Reinforced FRP Pultrusion Profiles. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Pump Flower Sprinkler with Automatic Watering System]
Electric Magic Hot Hair Styling Curling Iron with Brushes, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Melt Pressure Transducer (PT133).Galvanized Zinc/Aluminum Structure Steel Square Tube/ Round Pipe, 175-184[High Quality Heavy Duty Truck Wheel Lug Nut Cover]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Rear Wheel Exchangeable Aluminum Manual Wheelchair]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Women Genuine Crazy Horse Cowhide Leather Tassel Crossbody Bag. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Stainless Steel Body Infrared Burner Good Selling Gas Stove]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
High - Tech RFID in Airports Automated Check in and UHF RFID Bag TagsAuthor for correspondence