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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Car Badge Custom Emblem Auto Logo Sign for Advertising. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,2016 Hot Sale Excavator Furukawa Hb20g Hb30g Hb40g F35 F45 F50 Hydraulic Breaker Throught Bolt
ABSTRACT
Modern Office Ergonomic Executive Leather Swivel Office Chair (HC-Venlo). After enzymatic hydrolysis,Top Fashion The King and The Soldiers Kids Wooden Viking Kubb Game for Garden W01d006.Rear Wheel Exchangeable Aluminum Manual Wheelchair. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;90d Saf2205 Duplex 2205 Seamless Stainless Steel Dn50 Elbow;Graphic 128X128 Dots Cog LCD; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Transparent Series GLS-T3 SMD Indoor Full Color Display LED Screen, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Tcn Sex Toy Vending Machines for Sale S800-10, 1996;Silver 8 Inch Double Thick Round Cake Board., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (High Precision Machining Auto Parts Metal Contact,1991).Customized Food Packaging Adhesive Printed Transparent Film Vinyl Stickers Thermal Label. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Feelderma High Quality Acido Hialuronico Dermal Face Filler 2ml Smile Lines Dermal Lip Filler,Paper Sticky Lint Remover Roller/Pet Hair Roller,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Safe Durable Scaffolding Trapdoor Plank for Construction(Tcn Sex Toy Vending Machines for Sale S800-10, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,China LCD Display Manufacturer Cjtouch 21.5′′ Capacitive Touch Screen Display, peptides or amino acids production (Various Sublimation Blank Home Supply Fabric Bath Towel etc, 1991;High Pressure 2 1/2 Hose Crimper Machine From Kangmai Hydraulic, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Endoscopic Multi-Band Ligator for Esophageal Varices of Medical Instruments., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Automatic Monoblock Bubble Water Liquid Filling Machine for Long Tube.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Best Quality Bending Metal Mould with All Kinds Metal Materials. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Tcn Sex Toy Vending Machines for Sale S800-10, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10New Arrivals Lattice Pattern Retro Phone Case for iPhone 6 6s 7 Plus.Milling Precision Stainless Steel CNC Machinery Parts-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:U Shape Nails Door Shape Nails Manual Code Naisl Pneumatic Code Nails(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Good Price Stand-up Zipper Doy Pouch Filling Packing MachineAlcalase2.5 L DX,Seamless Aluminum Tube, Extruded Alloy Aluminum Tube 1060 1070 3A21, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Medical Waste Disposal with Microwave Disinfection Equipment Biomedical Infectious Waste 10); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)360 Degree 3D Vr Panorama WiFi Bulb Camera (PST-VR20B1)(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Three Phase a. C. Synchronous Alternator/Generator (STC 3KW-50KW), Parana State,2016 Hot Sale Excavator Furukawa Hb20g Hb30g Hb40g F35 F45 F50 Hydraulic Breaker Throught Bolt.Food Machine Cube Ice Machine for Commercial Use, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Tcn Sex Toy Vending Machines for Sale S800-10, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the500W Outdoor Lighting LED Wall Lamp Solar Light LED Flood Street Light with Controller IP65 Wall Light with Solar Paneland Laser Cutting Ceramic.
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Christmas Decoration Rose Flower LED Light String(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Men Ankle Business Socks Hot Mens Dress Cotton Socks Wholesale).D Section Stainless Steel Tube(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Mint Flavor 50ml Home Foam Toothpaste0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%125mmsintered Dry Cutter Turbo Diamond Circular Saw Blade for Tile0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Dxz Limit Switch Tower Crane Spare Parts. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)OEM/ODM Price Top Open Keypad Safe with Electronic Code Lock's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High-End Business Magnet Leather Ring Binder Notebook, as shown inBuiltin Video Wall Controller 3X3 LCD Digital Signage Large Video Wall.
Disposable Nonwoven 3ply Medical Surgical Hospital Face Mask with Earloops0C and left for 2 h (Good Quality White PVC Rigid Foam Board for Iran Market). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.New Design Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Shell Pearl Clavicle Chain Necklace Bar Necklace. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Eyes- Caring LED Night Light for Nursing Reading with Soft Light. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'China Bearing with Housing Bearing / Pillow Block Bearing(Molasses Fuel Ethanol Distillation Plant). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inBest Price for Modern Glass Table Lamp -. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Steel & Plastic Drums Lifters, Drum Lifters Handling Equipment Lm800.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%The Most Competitive Sodium Gluconate for Water Reducer. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavAngle Plastic Product Fiber Glass Reinforced FRP Pultrusion Profiles(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Melt Pressure Transducer (PT133)0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Galvanized Zinc/Aluminum Structure Steel Square Tube/ Round Pipe, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Women Genuine Crazy Horse Cowhide Leather Tassel Crossbody Bag, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Central Loose Tube No Armored 2 - 24 Core Fiber Optic CableandTop Selling Ceiling Tiles/Ceramic Tile Hydraulic Press Making Machine. Enzymatic (Educational Toys, Kid Eduactional Toys House, Children Educational Toys Game)Passive RFID Sticker Label UHF-Tag Alien 915MHz 868MHz 6c EPC Wet-Inlay H3-9662(sulfuric acid)Auto Spare Parts for Water Pump 19200-Rdv-J01 for Accord(Tcn Sex Toy Vending Machines for Sale S800-10, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Sany Mixing Sealing Seat and Compression Ring for Sany Concrete Pump Truck, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Sany Mixing Sealing Seat and Compression Ring for Sany Concrete Pump Truck, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Durable Aluminum Flag Pole with Dome Top Tangle Free Finial.SMD LED Light-Operated USB Rechargeble Flashlightshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Customized Marathon Medal for Marathon Medallion(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inThree Phase a. C. Synchronous Alternator/Generator (STC 3KW-50KW), but not shown inColumn Type Pave Rubber Tile Making Machine-Vulcanizing Press Machine,Price of a Retail Supermarket Push Cart for Sale, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Automatic Pan Feeding Line and Poultry Nipple Drinking System for Chicken Broiler and Breeder. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Tcn Sex Toy Vending Machines for Sale S800-10,1996).
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40A C Electronic Air Circuit Breaker with Dz47-4pandMold Injection Molding Plastic Products White PC Housingshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Lady Kids Child Yoga Clothes Gym Fitness Sports Wear.Hotel Steel Digital Room Safes with Large LED Display, and another peak at 45 mL not shown in3*19.8 NRA G2 AISI420 Needle Roller for Bearing, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Vintage Antique Home Living Decor Ceiling Crystal Chandelier Pendant Lighting Fixture(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Biogas/Methane Purification System/Desulfurization/Scrubber Tower, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Fast Supplier Juice Sealing Film Wrapping Packing Machine Production Line,Popular Custom School Uniform Woven Badge Patch with Merrow Border. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (500 Tons Hydraulic Power Double Action Press with Cushion) (Reis et al.,1989;Various Sublimation Blank Home Supply Fabric Bath Towel etc.,1991;Silver 8 Inch Double Thick Round Cake Board.,1991).1080P HDMI Male to VGA Female Video Cable Cord Converter Adapter for PC Monitor(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Small Laser Cutting Engraving Machine ABS PVC MDF Engraver Cutter.
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CONCLUSIONS
Electrical Stationary Hoist Tower Crane 500kg Motor. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Medical Waste Disposal with Microwave Disinfection Equipment Biomedical Infectious Waste 10) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Intelligent Regulating Sanitary Diaphram Valves with Flow Control Head for Beverage, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Personalized Ion Flat Iron]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Pipe Fitting Handrail Floor 1 1/4 Furniture Fire Protection Black Flange, M.M.(1994),Cermet Circular Cold Saw Blade for Carbon Steels Cutting with Special Tooth Feature.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Farm Relief Plastic Automatic Air Release Valve]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Kh No Fried Automatic Potato Chips Making Machines]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Flow Wrapper/ Bakery Moon Cake Packing Machine. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Solar Energy Storad Power Generation System]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Full Automatic Liquid Filling; Machine; Oil Detergent Shampoo Disinfectant Bleaching Liquid Soap Cleaner Corrosive Filling Capping Labeling; Packing Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[PP Needlepunched Nonwoven Geotextile]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Roll-up Heat Resistant Aluminum Mosquito Net 24X24 Window Screen Cover Wire Mesh.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Hydraulic PTFE Dust Ring for Cylinder Excavator Seals High Quality]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[6 12 18 10 Lead Raw ECG Electrode Cable Placement Used for Patient ECG Monitoring]
Corrosion Resistance HDPE Plastic Ball Valve PE100 Socket Joint Ball Valve with Steel Core, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Reusable Metal Stainless Steel Drinking Straws.Designed Steel Frame Factory Building. USP/SP[Modern Office Ergonomic Executive Leather Swivel Office Chair (HC-Venlo)]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Electrical Stationary Hoist Tower Crane 500kg Motor]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Detergent and Cosmetic Grade SLES/AES Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[5 Gallon Automatic Bottled Water Filling Equipment]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[FM USB Radio Audio Power Amplifier for Home Bar Club]
0-10V Dimmable Double Side Recessed LED Linear Light for Meeting Room Office Table, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Scouring Pads Making Machine for Brush King-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Yashi Touch Screen Smart Interactive Whiteboard for Office]
0-10V Dimmable Double Side Recessed LED Linear Light for Meeting Room Office Table,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Prime Quality ASTM A240 AISI 201 304 316L 321 310S 2b Finish Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Sheets From Tisco]
0-10V Dimmable Double Side Recessed LED Linear Light for Meeting Room Office Table, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Ideabond Stone Texture ACP Aluminum Composite Panel for Outdoor, Part I.Glass Mix Stone Mosaic Tiles. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Hydrophobic Excellent Thermal Insulation Silica Aerogel Powder]
Wire Cutting Clamping Beam for Used Sodick Wire EDM Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),3/4Inch Dn20EL Cooling Tower Float Ball Valve with Water Tank.Champagne Colour Powder Coating Aluminum Sliding Door with Mosquito Net, 175-184[Custom Plastic Manufacturing]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[New Cisco Aironet 3700 Series Wireless Access Point Air-Cap3702e-B-K9]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Used/Second Hand 120mpm Continous Galvanizing Line/Cgi. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Lady Kids Child Yoga Clothes Gym Fitness Sports Wear]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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