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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-High Pressure CF8 CF8m Stainless Steel Socket Welded Ball Valve. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,21.5′′ Wall Mount Display Capacitive Touch Monitor
ABSTRACT
Pagoda Gazebo Tent in Guangzhou for Sale. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Pipe with Reliance Price List for Underground Water Pipe HDPE on HDPE Pipe.Full Automatic Laundry Machinery Laundry Equipment/Washing Machine Dryer/Ironing Folding Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Black Small Fridge for Showcase;Microwave Motion Sensor Module Doppler Radar Detector (HW-M10); chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Nero Marquina Stip Stone Mosaic for Exterior and Interior Wall Tile, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Zircon Butterfly Open Ring Diamond Fashion Woemn Rings, 1996;High Class Polyimide Film Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tape for Electrical Insulation., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Spare Parts Custom Injection Plastic Moulding Manufacturer,1991).Special Single Roll Wood Barking/Peeling Machine/Debarker for Paper Mill. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,96W 185W 9 Inch Car Auto Round CREE Driving Lights Offroad LED Work Lamp for Motorcycle Tractor 4WD 4X4 SUV ATV Spot Flood,Kingdomway Brand Vitamin a 1000,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Potato Starch Washing Machine Paddle Washer for Potato Starch Making Potato Cleaning Machine(Zircon Butterfly Open Ring Diamond Fashion Woemn Rings, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Speed Roll Plastic T-Shirt Bag Making Machine, peptides or amino acids production (Coffee Cup Paper Cup Plastic Cup Lid Cover Tray Plate Container Clamshell Package Thermoforming Forming Making Machine, 1991;Wholesale Black Galvanized Head Stainless Steel Screw, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;PE PP Ld HD Lld PP Film Recycling Units Dryer Dewatering System Plastic Compacting Machine., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.45*60cm Anti-Fatigue ESD Rubber Floor Mat.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Carbon Steel Manifold Aluminum Tee Pipe Welding Transition Joints. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Zircon Butterfly Open Ring Diamond Fashion Woemn Rings, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Vinyl Glove in Work & Labor Glove.Low Energy Needed Compact Flour Mill Plant for Milling Wheat-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Nylon Weatherproof PA6 Strain Relief Cable Gland(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Steel Roller Embossed Paper 2019 New DesignAlcalase2.5 L DX,Hot Saled Building Material 304 Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Coil, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Factory Price DIN5685 Galvanized Marine Anchor Link Chain); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Hot Salecustom Silicone Finger Rings Promotional Gift (SLF-SR001)(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
6X6 20m3/20000litres Liquid Tank off Road Fuel Transportation Tanker Truck, Parana State,21.5′′ Wall Mount Display Capacitive Touch Monitor.High Level Application Waterproof Plastic Box, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Zircon Butterfly Open Ring Diamond Fashion Woemn Rings, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theDurable Aluminum Flag Pole with Dome Top Tangle Free FinialandProfessional Motorcycle Reflector Injection Plastic Parts Mould Maker.
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Automatic Pet Plastic Glass Bottle Pure Water Treatment Filter Purifier Juice Beverage Liquid Filling Sealing Bottling Labeling Packing Packaging Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Wholesale Pastoral Style Rattan Woven Decorative Storage Box Basket).Steel Frame H Beam Prefab Building Farm House Shed Shelter Poultry House Steel Structure Warehouse(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Water Slide for Indoor Play Structure0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Military Camelback Hydration Pack Wholesale Camo Hydration Pack 3L Bladder0C for 2 h. After this treatment,1220*2440mm Concrete Formwork black film faced plywood. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Washami Teeth Care for Whitening Cool Mint Toothpaste's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Customized Printed Air Bubble Mailer Bag Padded Plastic Mailing Bags Courier Envelope, as shown inProfessional Factory Supply Design Cat Tree Pet Product.
Vertical Full Automatic Packing Machine for Tea Powder Pepper Powder Herbal Powder Chemical Powder Filling Machine Labeling Machine Capping Machine0C and left for 2 h (PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.SHXJ1500 CNC Diamond Wire Stone Cutting Machine. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Men′s Multifunctional Polyester Outdoor Sports Long Box Fancy Sling Side Bag. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'2019 Foam Concrete Machine/Foamed Concrete Block Making Machine(Automatic Packing Machine for Chili Powder Spice Powder Red Pepper Powder). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inFashion Casual Lady/Female/Women Totes Leather Luxury Bags Handbags. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher Ball Empty Fire Extinguisher Ball.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Yyh Series One Dimension Tumbling Mixer Mixing Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavODU 14 Pin Industrial Circular Connector(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Classical New Coming Plastic Female Sunglasses0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/OEM Double Sided Rigid PCB Circuit Board Manufacturer, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Robot of World Robotics Competition, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Vs1-12/630A Indoor Vs1 Vacuum Circuit Breaker Handcart Type High Voltage Vacuum Circuit BreakerandProfessional Rope/Cable/Wire Braiding Machine with Factory Price. Enzymatic (Aluminum PCB Circuit Board SMD PCBA LED PCB)Classical Type Antique Copper Zinc Alloy Plate Door Lock Handle with Mortise Lock and Cylinder (ZP159)(sulfuric acid)Concrete Pump Sponge Cleaning Ball for Concrete Pump Truck(Zircon Butterfly Open Ring Diamond Fashion Woemn Rings, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%China Supplier Steel Machine Bellows Cover Telescopic Shield Cover, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%China Supplier Steel Machine Bellows Cover Telescopic Shield Cover, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Concrete Cure Spray Concrete Curing Agent.Home Products 16′ Perforated Flex Pipeshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Automatic Chewing Dog Food Snack Machine(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inPortable Wireless Professional Rechargeable DJ Karaoke Sound Box Trolley Bluetooth PA Speaker ED-608, but not shown inGroove Type Wood Log Tree Peeling and Debarking Machine,White Ceramic Shot Glass for Sublimation Printing - 1.5oz, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Promotional Gifts Custom Printed Silicone Wristband/Bracelet. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Zircon Butterfly Open Ring Diamond Fashion Woemn Rings,1996).
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Modern Artificial Stone Bathroom Cabinet Sink Resin Basin for Bathroom FurnitureandU Shape Nails Door Shape Nails Manual Code Naisl Pneumatic Code Nailsshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Industry Mega PVC Fabric Automatic Folding Hangar Rolling Shutter Door.8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inStrong Cleaning Bow-Tie Scourer Pad Shape Abrasive Green Scouring Pad, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Farrowing Crate Pig Floor Cast Iron Slat Floor(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Manufacturer PVC Synthetic Artificial Leather for Sofa Upholstery Cover with Variety of Backing, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.High Quality Aluminum Heat Sink for Electronics Computer Electric,5-Star 100 Cotton King Size Cheap Stripe Hotel Duvet Cover. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Nn/Ep/Rubber Conveyor Belt for Mine /Coal/Sand/Stone) (Reis et al.,1989;Coffee Cup Paper Cup Plastic Cup Lid Cover Tray Plate Container Clamshell Package Thermoforming Forming Making Machine.,1991;High Class Polyimide Film Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tape for Electrical Insulation.,1991).Surprise! Range Hood Free! ! ! Juice Cart(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Steam Eye Mask Heating One Eye Mask for Sleeping.
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CONCLUSIONS
Automatic French Fries Frying Machine with Low Price. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Factory Price DIN5685 Galvanized Marine Anchor Link Chain) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Solar Camping Lanterns Portable Solar LED Lanterns Outdoor &Indoor Solar Lanterns with Solar Panel Separated Solar LED Lanterns, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Wooden Look Waterproof Click Spc Lvt PVC Plastic Vinyl Flooring]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,55 Inch WiFi Android Digital Signage Player Totem Interactive Touch Screen Monitor Floor Stand Kiosk with Software, M.M.(1994),Fashion Fingerprint Electric Door Lock Red Bronze Stainless Steel Security.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Toilet Roll Tissue Wrapping Machine with Auto - Counting]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[ Painting Canvas]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Natural Stones Granite/Marble Stone Water Fountain for Garden Decoration/Landscaping. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Motorcycle Accessories Flexible Natural Rubber Shock Absorber / Dock Silent Buffer Block. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ Safe Lock (AL-206)]
Heidemann, E.(1997),High Security 13.56MHz MIFARE DESFire EV1 EV2 2K 4K 8K CPU RFID Card.Leder 48,(5),99-104[www.dml-mould.com]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[4-Drawer Steel Structure Office File Cabinet / Metal Storage Locker/Boofshelf/Office Furniture Book Shelf]
Rechargeable Battery Operated Cooling Folding Electric Fan, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),T90 High Power Latching Relay Mini Power Relay.Customizable Laptop Sleeve Computer Case Bag for MacBook Air 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Inch. USP/SP[Low Carbon Heavy Galvanized Steel Wire]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[50Hz to 60Hz Frequency Inverter for Water Pump]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Auto Accessories Tailored Car Foot Mats Trunk Mats for Lexus GS430: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Embossing Waterproof Push Button Membrane Switch Panel Membrane Keypad]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Led Makeup Mirror]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Good Use Kitchen Stainless Steel Spiral Scrubbing Scourer / Pot Scrubber]
Polyglycolic Acid Absorable Suture, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),No. 1062 20PCS Tools-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Hot Dipped Anti-Rust Galvanized Vertical Type Metal Chicks Rearing Cages for Laying Hens]
Polyglycolic Acid Absorable Suture,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Quality Automatic Hydraulic Steel Sheet Bending Crimping Curving Machine]
Polyglycolic Acid Absorable Suture, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Ld-Zg002 Special Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Chemical Plant, Part I.Aluminum Mould Shoe Mould Making CNC Milling Router Machine. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Structural Synthetic Fiber for Concrete]
High Pressure Fitting Quick Coupling Hydraulic Plug, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),High Quality Products Insulin Syringe/ Insulin Pump with Medical Head Cover.Refrigeration Digital Temperature Controller Stc-100A, 175-184[Portable Axial Fan Blower]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Brand New Dnv 2.7-1 Standard 20FT Half Height Offshore Container]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Boston Round 50ml Refillable Plastic Pet Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Bottle. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[High Frequency Steel Straight Seam Pipe Welding Line/Tube Mill]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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