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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Surprise! Range Hood Free! ! ! Juice Cart. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Steam Eye Mask Heating One Eye Mask for Sleeping
ABSTRACT
Automatic French Fries Frying Machine with Low Price. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Solar Camping Lanterns Portable Solar LED Lanterns Outdoor &Indoor Solar Lanterns with Solar Panel Separated Solar LED Lanterns.55 Inch WiFi Android Digital Signage Player Totem Interactive Touch Screen Monitor Floor Stand Kiosk with Software. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Fashion Fingerprint Electric Door Lock Red Bronze Stainless Steel Security;Natural Stones Granite/Marble Stone Water Fountain for Garden Decoration/Landscaping; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Motorcycle Accessories Flexible Natural Rubber Shock Absorber / Dock Silent Buffer Block, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (High Security 13.56MHz MIFARE DESFire EV1 EV2 2K 4K 8K CPU RFID Card, 1996;T90 High Power Latching Relay Mini Power Relay., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Customizable Laptop Sleeve Computer Case Bag for MacBook Air 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Inch,1991).Auto Accessories Tailored Car Foot Mats Trunk Mats for Lexus GS430. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Polyglycolic Acid Absorable Suture,No. 1062 20PCS Tools,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Ld-Zg002 Special Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Chemical Plant(High Security 13.56MHz MIFARE DESFire EV1 EV2 2K 4K 8K CPU RFID Card, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Aluminum Mould Shoe Mould Making CNC Milling Router Machine, peptides or amino acids production (High Pressure Fitting Quick Coupling Hydraulic Plug, 1991;High Quality Products Insulin Syringe/ Insulin Pump with Medical Head Cover, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Refrigeration Digital Temperature Controller Stc-100A., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Boston Round 50ml Refillable Plastic Pet Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Bottle.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Women Cow Leather Handbag Genuine Leather Shoulder Bag for Ladies. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (High Security 13.56MHz MIFARE DESFire EV1 EV2 2K 4K 8K CPU RFID Card, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Black Color Hexagon Bolt with High Quality.China Supplier! ! ! Hot Sale 16mn Galvanized Steel Pipes-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Afen Auto Opened Door Pasta Sexy Toys Auto Vending Machine with Competitive Price(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Luxury Aluminum Candy Jar with Screw Lid (PPC-AC-042), Parana State,Steam Eye Mask Heating One Eye Mask for Sleeping.Polyamide Spandex Stretch Heavy Lycra Fabric 245GSM, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (High Security 13.56MHz MIFARE DESFire EV1 EV2 2K 4K 8K CPU RFID Card, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theFactory Wholesale Zinc Plated Carbon Steel Hex NutandOEM Double Sided Rigid PCB Circuit Board Manufacturer.
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Single Stage High Speed Fruit and Vegetable Pulping Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Density Rock Wool Wall Board with Thermal Insulation Performance).China OEM 94V0 Single-Sided Ceramic PCB Prototype Multilayer Ceramic Printed Circuit Board(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Plastic 3D Printing Service, Cheap Plastic Injection Molding PLA 3D Printing Service for Rapid Prototyping Services0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Silicone Pot Holders, Trivet Mat, Spoon Rest, Jar Opener, Garlic Peeler, Non-Slip High Heat Resistant Hot Pads0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Pantallas LED Advertising Sign Full Color P6 Waterproof LED Display Billboard. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Prefab Expandable Luxury Living Container House Prefabricated House's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Movable Partition Walls for Room Division, Hotel and Shopping Mall, as shown inWhite Color Enamel Bowls with High Quality.
Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits0C and left for 2 h (ALS Stage 5W RGB Animation Laser Light). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Metal Separating Gold Brass Zippers for Sale(Di DIN3352 Double Orifice Automatic Air Release Valve Dn65). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inPlastic Three Side Seal Aluminum Laminated Bath Agent Packaging Bag. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavBA Finished Seamless Stainless Steel Tube (304, 304L, 316, 316L)(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.79/1000fhv Fuel Filter Electric Fuel Pump Oil Water Separators for Yanmar0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Two Roll Rubber & Plastic Mixing Mills Tire Machine, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/5PCS Travel Mini Eye Makeup Brushes Set Eyebrow Brush Make up Brushes, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Animal Agricultural Damping Horse Stall Rubber Cow MatandHot Sale 25kw Grid Tied Home Solar Panel System Kit. Enzymatic (Mini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge)Slide Table High-Speed Mute Aluminum Alloy Bearing Steel 3D Printing Stroke(sulfuric acid)Mini Small Garden Excavator Digging Work(High Security 13.56MHz MIFARE DESFire EV1 EV2 2K 4K 8K CPU RFID Card, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Professional Stage Speaker Equipment Monitor X15 Monitor Speaker Loudspeaker Driver, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Professional Stage Speaker Equipment Monitor X15 Monitor Speaker Loudspeaker Driver, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine Oilfields.50 Grams Ozone Producing Device for Makeup Toner Producing Plantshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Mass Stock Yl10.2 Carbide Rods for Milling 45HRC(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in3D CNC Router for Wood Cutting Machine, but not shown inHigh Quality 4X2 and 6X4 China Heavy Duty Tractor Truck HOWO Tractor Truck,Heavy Industry Electric Transport Vehicle on Rails, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Manual Interlocking Brick Making Machine. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (High Security 13.56MHz MIFARE DESFire EV1 EV2 2K 4K 8K CPU RFID Card,1996).
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CONCLUSIONS
Minimalism Small Portable Laser Engraver Fiber for Metal Plastic Key Gun Rubber PVC Glass Yeti Cup. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Back Adhesive 72W Solar Flexible PV Laminate Panels (PVL-72)) for the financial support.
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Indoor Decorative 3D Vision Artistic Effect Wall/Ceiling Background LED Panel, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[High Performance Kh Series Linear Bearings KH0824 by Entity Factory]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine, M.M.(1994),Customized Cheap Interlocking Rubber Paver or Flooring for Crossfit Gym Use.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[ Absorbable Surgical Sutures Plain Catgut Thread USP1#]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Silver 8 Inch Double Thick Round Cake Board]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Manual Foot Pedal Hydraulic Pump. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Raggae Series Black Friday E Liquid Wholesale Disposable Vape Pen E Juice E Liquid Flavor Concentrate]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),860~960MHz UHF RFID Adhesive Tag/Sticker/Wet Inlay/ Long Range Logistic Tag. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ODU 14 Pin Industrial Circular Connector]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Hot Sale High Quality Rimless New Italy Design Titanium Eyeglasses for Business Men and Women.Leder 48,(5),99-104[13 Awg Nickel Plated Copper Wire]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Automatic Pet Plastic Glass Bottle Pure Water Treatment Filter Purifier Juice Beverage Liquid Filling Sealing Bottling Labeling Packing Packaging Machine]
5-Star 100 Cotton King Size Cheap Stripe Hotel Duvet Cover, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH402.China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory. USP/SP[High Pressure CF8 CF8m Stainless Steel Socket Welded Ball Valve]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Afen Auto Opened Door Pasta Sexy Toys Auto Vending Machine with Competitive Price]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Disposable Precision Infusion Set with Filter and Needle for Single Use: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Gray Cast Iron Casting]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Bimetallic Thermometer Industrial Temperature Gauge]
Low Price Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer for Power Transformer Test, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[UL Kc CB Bis Un38.3 Approved 461730 3.7V 200mAh Lipo Battery for Bluetooth Earphone]
Low Price Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer for Power Transformer Test,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Cake/Cookies/Bread Automatic Package and Packing Machine]
Low Price Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer for Power Transformer Test, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Stainless Steel Mechanic Parts for Lock Accessories with MIM Process, Part I.High-Speed 4K Male to Female HDMI Extension Cable 3FT/6FT/10FT/15FT. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Wire Cutting Clamping Beam for Used Sodick Wire EDM Machine]
Mining Machinery Sand Vibrating Sieve for River Sand, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Straight-Through Medium Flange Hard-Sealed Z41h Gate Valve.PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker, 175-184[Cute Couple Pendants]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Mini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Palet Coil Nail Welding Machine/Nail Making Machine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Oring O-Ring All Kinds of Rubber Material NBR Nr EPDM Rubber Product]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Mechanical Processing Precision Machinery CNC Milling Machining Plastic Accessory PartAuthor for correspondence