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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

Pressure Swing Adsorption Nitrogen Inflator Nitrogen Inflator N2 Inflator. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Daily Use Teeth Whitening Charcoal Powder Oral Hygiene Cleaning Activated Charcoal Powder.Multi-Layer Machine Press Hydraulic Hot for Plywood Making Machinery. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Yashi 42 Inch LED Multi Touch Screen Interactive Whiteboard;Groove Type Wood Log Tree Peeling and Debarking Machine; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.High Quality CE Digital Display Adjustable Power Supply, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Hot Sales Foldable Rechargeable LED Book Reading Light with USD Charging 1.5 Wires, 1996;Parcel Tape Adhesive OPP Packing Tape., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (High Efficiency Non-Expensive Cracking Agent,1991).Fiber Optic Sc APC Fast Connector for FTTH Drop Cable. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Heavy Duty Trailer Lifting Hoist Manual Crank Hand Puller Winch,Custom Striped Compression Soccer Socks for Adults,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Stainless Steel Kitchen Sink, Bar Sink, Wash Hand Sink (4738)(Hot Sales Foldable Rechargeable LED Book Reading Light with USD Charging 1.5 Wires, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Mining Machine Dewater Screen Separator Coal Sand Sieve Shaker Dewatering Screen, peptides or amino acids production (High Tensile Strength Galvanized Steel Wire, 1991;24 Volt Fire Alarm Strobe Light Horn Strobe Sounder, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;from China to Mexico Ciudad del Carmen reliable low cost Air Logistics Freight Shipping Forwarder., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Best Price PVC Coated Fiberglass Mesh Insect Window Screen.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Abrasive Resistant Heavy Duty PVC Helix Suction Hose for Mining Application. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Hot Sales Foldable Rechargeable LED Book Reading Light with USD Charging 1.5 Wires, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Best Selling Used Plastic Single Shaft Shredder for Recycling with Weg Motor.Factory OEM CNC Machined Gear Motor Shaft-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:High Quality and Lowest Price of Crr920 Common Rail Injector Repair Kits to Meet Stage(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Music Equipment Flight Case/Aluminum Flight Case Hardware/Guitar Effect Pedals Flight Case, Parana State,Uprigth Touch-Screen Red Wine Chiller.Electric Fabric and Non Woven Fabric Roll Slitting Machine (FQ-1600), exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Hot Sales Foldable Rechargeable LED Book Reading Light with USD Charging 1.5 Wires, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the500t Plywood Hot Press Woodworking Machine (12-25 layers)andHome Decoration Perfume Natural Reed Aroma Diffuser with Rattan Sticks.

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Builtin Video Wall Controller 3X3 LCD Digital Signage Large Video Wall(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Blue Steel Packing Strip).Gsx750f Gsf1200 Bandit 01-06 Carb Repair Kit(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Charateristic Natural Anodized Aluminium Al6061-T6 CNC Machined Housing for Embroidered Beauty Pen (S-262)0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Cute Pink Cashmere Soft Plush Lining Warm Bootie0C for 2 h. After this treatment,3kw 24V 310mm Vertical Agv Drive Wheel Assembly. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Sofa Materials PU Leather with Flock Backing's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Three Phase 800mm Plate Fan, as shown in110V 140W Electric AC Induction Gear Motor (61K140GU-AFJ/6GU25K).

ASTM Approved Popular Indoor Trampoline of Park0C and left for 2 h (10A MPPT Solar Controllers PV 60V for off-Grid). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Cheap Bent 6mm 8mm 10mm 12mm Clear Curved Tempered Glass for Construction Building. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Adjustable Office Commercial Suspended Pendant LED Aluminum Channel Profile for Ceiling Light. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Wholesale Genuine Leather Credit Card Mens Wallet(FTTH Fiber Optic Fusion Splicing Toolkit). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inLab High Shear Homogenizer (KRH-II Model). The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Yitai Die Making 13mm Beech Rotary Plywood.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Gear Rolling Machine Zh28/25 Spline Hobbing Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavOEM ODM Custom Moulding Silicone EPDM Nr SBR NBR Acm NR Rubber Molding Molded Industrial Parts Product Auto Rubber Parts(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Partial Thread Steel/Iron Hex Head Self Tapping Screw0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Flat Car Sun Roof Tent Awning, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Classic Black Color Commercial Glass Door Multi Deck Refrigerator, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Safe Durable Scaffolding Trapdoor Plank for ConstructionandNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Elisa Kits. Enzymatic (12 Cheap Kick Scooter/Kids Scooter Scooter/ Hot Sale Kick Scooter (SY-SC12026))Pneumatic Control Shuttle Valve NPT Thread(sulfuric acid)Four Column Hydraulic Press Machine for Kitchen Sink Deep Drawing(Hot Sales Foldable Rechargeable LED Book Reading Light with USD Charging 1.5 Wires, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%OEM 15PCS Electric Face Makeup Brush with Ce Certificate, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%OEM 15PCS Electric Face Makeup Brush with Ce Certificate, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

New Styles Fashion Erotic Women Underwear Sexy Lingerie.Factory Supplied High Strength Marine Anchor Chainshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.on Site Use Psa Oxygen Plant Oxygen Cylinder Filling Machine Hot Sale(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inAluminum Dual USB Backup Battery 10000mAh LED Flashlight Power Bank 8000mAh with Torch, but not shown inSmall Cleaning Brush ESD Anti Static Brush ESD Brush Black,Stand Hot and Cold Normal Water Dispenser with Refrigerator, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).High Quality Construction Welding Rods Electrode E6013 E7018 E7016. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Hot Sales Foldable Rechargeable LED Book Reading Light with USD Charging 1.5 Wires,1996).

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Nonwoven Fiber Quilt Produce Machine Wadding Production Line / Sheep Wool Quilts Production Line Comforter for Bedding Making Production LineandGYXTW Sm 9/125 Armored Fiber Optic Outdoor Cableshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-High Pore Volume Industrial Claus Catalyst for Claus Sulfur Recovery Process.Day & Night Vision 40X60 Hunting Camping Hiking HD Optical Monocular, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inJh21 Series Pneumatic Power Press CNC Punching Machine, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Lydite Fence Reel Reel with Extension Arms for Farm Fencing(Condell et al.,1993) .

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1080P Smart Home Wide Angle IP Camera Alarm Baby Monitor with 2 Way Audio, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Customized 3D Medal for Religious Medal Gift,Size0/Color/Organic/Pullulan/HPMC/Gel/Hollow/Veggie/Transparent/Clear/Empty Capsules. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (100 Ton 200 Ton Bending Cutting Straightening Machine H Frame Hydraulic Press for Sale) (Reis et al.,1989;High Tensile Strength Galvanized Steel Wire.,1991;Parcel Tape Adhesive OPP Packing Tape.,1991).Dbry-320 Christmas Stickers Labels Printing Machine(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Steel Wire Rope Pulling Hoist or Manual Lifting Tirfor.

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CONCLUSIONS

Factory Custom Mini Gas Powered Hydraulic Power Unit Power Pack and Hydraulic System Hydraulic Station or Hydraulic Motor. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Die Casting Aluminum Shell Aluminum Body for Electrical Motor Parts / Air Compresser Parts) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

14dBi 470-790MHz Outdoor Digital UHF VHF TV Antenna, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Invt Bd 3kw Hybrid Solar Power Inverter for Solar Power System Home]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Strong Cleaning Bow-Tie Scourer Pad Shape Abrasive Green Scouring Pad, M.M.(1994),Petrol Chain Saw Wood Cutting Machine 38cc Chainsaw CS3800.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Water Treatment Alkali Chemicals Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[As568 Standard Brown FKM Rubber O Ring for Sealing]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Heavy Duty Rope12 Strand PP PE Mixed Pull Mooring Mope. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[High Speed Roll Plastic T-Shirt Bag Making Machine]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),High Cut Genuine Leather Safety Shoes for Electrician in Guangzhou. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Sand Casting Aluminum Die Casting and Gravity Casting Aluminum Alloy Parts Auto Engine Spare Parts]

Heidemann, E.(1997),High Quality 4X2 and 6X4 China Heavy Duty Tractor Truck HOWO Tractor Truck.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Pvc Coloured Cable]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Leisure Men′s Waterproof Strap Light Cross Body Anti-Theft Chest Bag]

PU-Flex Duct Hose for Transporting Dust, Granules and Shavings, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Aluminum Bright Polished Mirror Sheet.Chik Chrome Steel High Carbon Ball Bearing for Motor Bike Automobile (6215 RS ZZ open). USP/SP[Hotel Steel Digital Room Safes with Large LED Display]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Military Camelback Hydration Pack Wholesale Camo Hydration Pack 3L Bladder]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Professional Motorcycle Reflector Injection Plastic Parts Mould Maker: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Custom Logo Cotton Terry Oversize Pullover Men Hoodie]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Booth For Painting]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Electric Hydraulic Three-Station Bus Bar Cutting Punching Bending Machine for Copper Processing]

O Shape Hole Design Small Round Hole Fixed Head LED Downlight 9W 11W, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Cheaper Factory Price! Foam Slicing Vertical Cutting Machine in China-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Custom Aluminum Cover Frame Half Aluminum Cover Profile]

O Shape Hole Design Small Round Hole Fixed Head LED Downlight 9W 11W,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Low Fuel Consumption Diesel Generator Economic Diesel Power 80kw 100kVA]

O Shape Hole Design Small Round Hole Fixed Head LED Downlight 9W 11W, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Auto Engine Radiator for Honda Accord 97-00 CF4 OEM 19010-PDA-E51, Part I.Customized Souvenirs Tin Metal Number & Name Plate for Car. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Carbon Graphite Crucible]

AC/DC Pure Sine Wave Inverters for PV Solar System off Grid System, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Molasses Fuel Ethanol Distillation Plant.Pond Self Priming Booster Pressure Water Pump with Check Valve, 175-184[fujielevator-jp]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Hot Saled Building Material 304 Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Coil]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Banded Type Tee Used on Oil. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[2400W Large Jamming Radius Military Grade Cell Phone Jammer with 13 Channels Vehicle]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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