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vol.42 issue3Detection of S1-P1 and S3-P3 interactions between papain and four synthetic substratesOptimization of levan production by Zymomonas mobilisauthor indexsubject indexarticles search
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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Polyamide Spandex Stretch Heavy Lycra Fabric 245GSM. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Single Stage High Speed Fruit and Vegetable Pulping Machine


ABSTRACT

China OEM 94V0 Single-Sided Ceramic PCB Prototype Multilayer Ceramic Printed Circuit Board. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Plastic 3D Printing Service, Cheap Plastic Injection Molding PLA 3D Printing Service for Rapid Prototyping Services.Silicone Pot Holders, Trivet Mat, Spoon Rest, Jar Opener, Garlic Peeler, Non-Slip High Heat Resistant Hot Pads. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Movable Partition Walls for Room Division, Hotel and Shopping Mall, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits, 1996;Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials,1991).Metal Separating Gold Brass Zippers for Sale. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate,OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,BA Finished Seamless Stainless Steel Tube (304, 304L, 316, 316L)(Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Wood Debarker, Tree Shaving Machine, Tree Peeling Machine for Paper Making, peptides or amino acids production (79/1000fhv Fuel Filter Electric Fuel Pump Oil Water Separators for Yanmar, 1991;Two Roll Rubber & Plastic Mixing Mills Tire Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;5PCS Travel Mini Eye Makeup Brushes Set Eyebrow Brush Make up Brushes., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Hot Sale 25kw Grid Tied Home Solar Panel System Kit.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Mini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Slide Table High-Speed Mute Aluminum Alloy Bearing Steel 3D Printing Stroke.Mini Small Garden Excavator Digging Work-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Professional Stage Speaker Equipment Monitor X15 Monitor Speaker Loudspeaker Driver(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

A100-T32-S2-C 2 Way 1 1/4′′ SS316 Electric Control Water Ball Valve, Parana State,Single Stage High Speed Fruit and Vegetable Pulping Machine.Direct Factory Suppy Electric Razor Barbed Wire Low Price for Fencing, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHigh Quality Liquid Spouted Stand up Pouch with Custom LogoandFactory Wholesale Zinc Plated Carbon Steel Hex Nut.

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Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Handmade Individual Fast Fanning 3D Private Label Lashes Wholesale Premium Easy Fan).Needlle Punched Pet/PP 200G/M2 Non Woven Geotextile(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Metal Gold Marathon Running Sport Medal for Promotion Gift0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%12V90AH Front Access Terminal Communication Power Cabinet Telecommunication Projects EVolt ebn Battery0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Security Shopping Trolley Baby Seat for Supermarket Cart. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Desktop & Walmount Workstation with Gas Lift Floorbase Double Monitor 10-24's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Minimalism Small Portable Laser Engraver Fiber for Metal Plastic Key Gun Rubber PVC Glass Yeti Cup, as shown inHigh Density Rock Wool Wall Board with Thermal Insulation Performance.

Indoor Decorative 3D Vision Artistic Effect Wall/Ceiling Background LED Panel0C and left for 2 h (White Color Enamel Bowls with High Quality). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Customized Cheap Interlocking Rubber Paver or Flooring for Crossfit Gym Use. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Manual Foot Pedal Hydraulic Pump(ALS Stage 5W RGB Animation Laser Light). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in43cc Grass Trimmer Carburetor. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,860~960MHz UHF RFID Adhesive Tag/Sticker/Wet Inlay/ Long Range Logistic Tag.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Hot Sale High Quality Rimless New Italy Design Titanium Eyeglasses for Business Men and Women. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavCH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH402(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Disposable Precision Infusion Set with Filter and Needle for Single Use0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Low Price Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer for Power Transformer Test, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Di DIN3352 Double Orifice Automatic Air Release Valve Dn65andStainless Steel Mechanic Parts for Lock Accessories with MIM Process. Enzymatic (High-Speed 4K Male to Female HDMI Extension Cable 3FT/6FT/10FT/15FT)Mining Machinery Sand Vibrating Sieve for River Sand(sulfuric acid)Straight-Through Medium Flange Hard-Sealed Z41h Gate Valve(Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Palet Coil Nail Welding Machine/Nail Making Machine.Animal Agricultural Damping Horse Stall Rubber Cow Matshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper A3A4 Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in50 Grams Ozone Producing Device for Makeup Toner Producing Plant, but not shown in3D CNC Router for Wood Cutting Machine,High Quality MPO Singlemode Duplex Fiber Optic Adapter, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Hotel Bedding. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits,1996).

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Wholesale Colorful Party Favor Straight Biodegradable Food Grade Paper Drinking Straw for CocktailandWaste Tire Cutter Machine Tire Shredder Equipment Price Tyre Shredder Indiashow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Supplier V Wedge Wire Johnson Water Well Screen.Clear Black Empty 15ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Frosted White Square Glass Perfume Bottles, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inGarden Decoration Marble Stone Granite Small Angel Sculpture Water Fountain, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.10A MPPT Solar Controllers PV 60V for off-Grid(Condell et al.,1993) .

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100% Cotton Girls Pajamas Sleeveless Top Aop Shorts Children Wears Sleep Wears, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Colorful Boys Outdoor Flat Beach Sandal with PU Upper and TPR Outsole,60ml 100ml Customized Glass Jar for Spice, Candle, Candy. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Mouse Pad with Gel Wrist Rest) (Reis et al.,1989;79/1000fhv Fuel Filter Electric Fuel Pump Oil Water Separators for Yanmar.,1991;Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools.,1991).Aluminium / Stainless Channel Letter Auto Profile Bending Machine Price(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Ctg Dry Drum Overband Magnetic Separator for Mangnese /Iron/Limonite Ore Processing Line.

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CONCLUSIONS

Factory Outlet Automatic Grain Tower Dryer Drying Equipment. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Heavy Industry Electric Transport Vehicle on Rails) for the financial support.

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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Supreme 524 Mv Sea Kayak, M.M.(1994),Trunk Organizer Foldable Water Proof.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[2019 Foam Concrete Machine/Foamed Concrete Block Making Machine]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[ Absorbable Surgical Sutures Plain Catgut Thread USP1#]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-100%Polyester Burnout Velvet Sofa Fabric (pineapple grid). Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Silver 8 Inch Double Thick Round Cake Board]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Raggae Series Black Friday E Liquid Wholesale Disposable Vape Pen E Juice E Liquid Flavor Concentrate]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Gld Brand Padlock Brass Popular in 5 Continents  .Leder 48,(5),99-104[Stainless Steel Bracelet Flow Magic Ring Decompression Spinning Toys]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ODU 14 Pin Industrial Circular Connector]

Luxury Aluminum Candy Jar with Screw Lid (PPC-AC-042), C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),No Lead Bronze Flange Manufacturer.Oil Gas Line Pipe, API 5L Spec 5L Steel Pipe, Grade B or X42 12m Steel Tube. USP/SP[Automatic Pet Plastic Glass Bottle Pure Water Treatment Filter Purifier Juice Beverage Liquid Filling Sealing Bottling Labeling Packing Packaging Machine]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High Pressure CF8 CF8m Stainless Steel Socket Welded Ball Valve]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Snsc Fd30 Side Shift New Diesel Forklift 3ton: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Afen Auto Opened Door Pasta Sexy Toys Auto Vending Machine with Competitive Price]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Steel Grating Calgary]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen]

Synthetic PE-Rattan Woven Patio Furniture Outdoor Garden Wicker Hammock Swing Chair (TG-117), M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Sx Sm Fiber Optic MPO to MPO Adapter with Flange Type-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Bimetallic Thermometer Industrial Temperature Gauge]

Synthetic PE-Rattan Woven Patio Furniture Outdoor Garden Wicker Hammock Swing Chair (TG-117),M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[UL Kc CB Bis Un38.3 Approved 461730 3.7V 200mAh Lipo Battery for Bluetooth Earphone]

Synthetic PE-Rattan Woven Patio Furniture Outdoor Garden Wicker Hammock Swing Chair (TG-117), M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Laptop Bag College Men Backpack Leather Back Pack Bags, Part I.Pet Dog Grooming Rake Dematting Tool Shedding Comb. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Cake/Cookies/Bread Automatic Package and Packing Machine]

Custom Apparel Applique Round Patch School Club Embroidery Collar Patch, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Farm Tools and Equipment 7ton Backhoe Loader Construction Machinery.CT201795 Cartridge Chip for Xerox Docucentre IV 2056 2058, 175-184[Copper Silver Wire]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Wire Cutting Clamping Beam for Used Sodick Wire EDM Machine]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Anti Fog Shower Shaving Modern Bathroom LED Customized Mirror. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Mini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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