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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
Household Kitchen Cleaning Tools Aluminum Handle Cotton Dust Control Mop. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Manufacture Best Choice Liquid Flocculant for Ink Removal.Hot Dipped Galvanized Oval Wire Brazil. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Colorful Pet Natural Tough TPR Rubber Toy Cat Dog Chew Toys;Wood Grain Embossed Film for Flooring, Flower Design Film, Wood Grain Heat Transfer Polyester Film, Pet Heat Transfer Film; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.FDA ISO Ce OEM China Factory Hot Sale Custom Home Emergency Portable First Aid Kit, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Custom Fashion Cup Mat Silicone Rubber Coaster for Tea- Best Housewarming Beverage, Drink Silicone PVC Coaster Beer Drink Coaster Cup Coaster (YB-CC-1), 1996;Aluminum Foil PE Bottle Cap Induction Seal Liner., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Aluminium Profile/Shell/Housing for T5/T8 LED Tube Light (SQ-HRJ-002),1991).Sophisticated Durable Membrane Panel/Panel with 3m Glue. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Automatic Packing Machine for Chili Powder Spice Powder Red Pepper Powder,HDPE Polyethylene PE Pipe for Water Supply,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Embossing Waterproof Push Button Membrane Switch Panel Membrane Keypad(Custom Fashion Cup Mat Silicone Rubber Coaster for Tea- Best Housewarming Beverage, Drink Silicone PVC Coaster Beer Drink Coaster Cup Coaster (YB-CC-1), 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Plug-in Supermarket Chest Type Display Freezer with Sliding Glass Door, peptides or amino acids production (Hot Sell High Quality and Best Price Fitness Oval Tube Commercial Gym Equipment 8 Multi Station, 1991;Galvanized Pressure Locked Grating, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Phenol Polyoxyethylene Ether for Water-Reducing Admixture, 9004-78-8.., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.2019 Ce Approved Car Spray Booth /Furniture Infrared Paint Spray Booth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Trending Hot Products Rotary Floor Cleaner Microfiber Cleaning Mop Bucket. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Custom Fashion Cup Mat Silicone Rubber Coaster for Tea- Best Housewarming Beverage, Drink Silicone PVC Coaster Beer Drink Coaster Cup Coaster (YB-CC-1), 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 105/8 Alco Drier Filter Refrigerator Liquid Line Filter Drier Gas Filter Ek-165 Flare Type.3*19.8 NRA G2 AISI420 Needle Roller for Bearing-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:JIS G3461 STB410 Steam Steel Tube, JIS G 3461 ASTM A179 Seamless Boiler Pipe(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Portable Mini Fridge with Light Box, Parana State,Adhesive CAS 9003-35-4 Phenolic Resin.Agriculture Film for Corn Silage Wrap Baler, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Custom Fashion Cup Mat Silicone Rubber Coaster for Tea- Best Housewarming Beverage, Drink Silicone PVC Coaster Beer Drink Coaster Cup Coaster (YB-CC-1), 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theCustomized Good Quality Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Enclosure with Hinged DoorandMass Stock Yl10.2 Carbide Rods for Milling 45HRC.
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Cheap Gabion Wire Mesh Box(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Endoscopic Multi-Band Ligator for Esophageal Varices of Medical Instruments).Stainless Inox Escalator Decorative Panel 304 Grade Brushed Stainless Steel Sheet with 7 PVC Film(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Stainless Steel Double Layer Filter USD in POY Machines0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%8oz 250ml Disposable Paper Soup Bowl with Lid for Take Away0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Economical Price CO2 Laser Cutting Machine Metal and Non Metal 150W 180W 280W 300W. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Graphite Ring Good Lubrication's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)China Tower 6-Axis Screwdriver Machine Robot Manufacturer, as shown inOutdoor Amusement Park Exciting Rides Adult Rotary Air Race Rides for Sale.
Mslqs-P Needle-Free Injector/Needleless Syringe Price0C and left for 2 h (Self Adhesive Paper Stickers 13.56MHz NFC Anti-Theft Security RFID Label Tags for Alcoholic). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.YAMAHA Yv100II Nozzle Horder Square Head Short Type. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Juice Doypack Packing Machine (ZLDB-4). Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Stainless Steel Wok with Soft Touch Handle(Ferrule Woven Rope Wire Mesh /SS316 Decorative Rope Mesh). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inSkiving Hydraulic Hose Fitting. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Living Room Furniture Hotel Sofa Set with Matching Tables Hotel Bedroom Sofa.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Funny Newest Design for Children Theme Outdoor Playground Park. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavHigh Frequency Pure Sine Wave 25kw Inverter 240V off-Grid Solar Power Inverter(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Prompt Delivery 3 Stainless Steel 304 Spring Vertical Check Valve with Customized OEM0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Em4200 Clamshell Card 125kHz Proximity Card Access RFID Thick Card, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Good Strength GRP Cooling Towers for Mechanical Cooling, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Water Filter System Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment SystemandAmazon Pet Supplier Mesh Dog Chest Back Traction Rope Aliexpress Set Dog Harness Dog Leash. Enzymatic (Lightweight Adjustable Dorsal Ankle Night Splint for Pain Relief)Custom Made Fabrication Service Anodized Aluminium CNC Machining Parts(sulfuric acid)Loquat Juice and Loquat Syrup Production Machinery Export Worldwide(Custom Fashion Cup Mat Silicone Rubber Coaster for Tea- Best Housewarming Beverage, Drink Silicone PVC Coaster Beer Drink Coaster Cup Coaster (YB-CC-1), 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%PE Film Self Adhesive Bitumen Waterproof Membrane/ Roofing Material, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%PE Film Self Adhesive Bitumen Waterproof Membrane/ Roofing Material, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Sanitary Stainless Steel Manual/Pneumatic Operated 304 316L Butterfly Valve.Durable Aluminum Flag Pole with Dome Top Tangle Free Finialshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Concrete Floor Grinding Disc Machine for Four Segments(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inProfessional Motorcycle Reflector Injection Plastic Parts Mould Maker, but not shown inFull Computer Plain Socks Knitting Machine with High Quality,Black Tko Wholesale Vape Carts 0.8ml Empty Tank Vape Cartridges Atomizer 510 Thread Sauce Carts, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Custom Fashion Cup Mat Silicone Rubber Coaster for Tea- Best Housewarming Beverage, Drink Silicone PVC Coaster Beer Drink Coaster Cup Coaster (YB-CC-1),1996).
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Socket Flange, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Dn32 (11/4) BSPT Thread Air Actuated Piston Valves,Free Sample Cheap Customized Elastic Nylon Fabric Woven Cloth Wrist Band for Events. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Home Products 16′ Perforated Flex Pipe) (Reis et al.,1989;Hot Sell High Quality and Best Price Fitness Oval Tube Commercial Gym Equipment 8 Multi Station.,1991;Aluminum Foil PE Bottle Cap Induction Seal Liner.,1991).Foam Cutting 9.0kw Atc Spindle CNC Wood Engraver Machine(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Disposable Sterile Twist Top Blood Lancet.
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CONCLUSIONS
Industrial Control Housing with Plate Shape (XD-CC04). Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Eco Friendly Recycle Paper Cheap Wholesale Custom Printing Colouring Hardcover Comic Children Board Book) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Customized Precision Hydraulic Cylinder Metal Machinery Parts for Forklift, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[m.unitecblinds.com]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Low Fuel Consumption Diesel Generator Economic Diesel Power 80kw 100kVA, M.M.(1994),Wholesale Price Auto Iridium Spark Plug for Turbo Trumpchi Cars.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Hex Thin Head Nut]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Modern Artificial Stone Bathroom Cabinet Sink Resin Basin for Bathroom Furniture]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-CNC 3 Axis Milling Machining Center. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[U Shape Nails Door Shape Nails Manual Code Naisl Pneumatic Code Nails]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Hot Sale Bathroom Downlight LED 10W Ceiling Light IP54 Spot Light Fitting. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Strong Cleaning Bow-Tie Scourer Pad Shape Abrasive Green Scouring Pad]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Variable 50Hz 22kw AC Drive 3 Phase Frequency Inverter.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Plastic Baby Feeding High Chair]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Twilled Packaging Box PP Folding Box Transparent Frosted Plastic Sheet]
Stainless Steel Body Infrared Burner Good Selling Gas Stove, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),4 Axis CNC Woodworking Machinery Engraver Router.Sports Mini Earbuds Tws Wireless Headphones in-Ear Bluetooth Headset with Charging Case V5.0. USP/SP[Nn/Ep/Rubber Conveyor Belt for Mine /Coal/Sand/Stone]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Anodized Aluminum Expanded Metal Mesh Competitive Price]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Hydrolysis Resistant PU Microfiber Leather for Furniture, Auto and Shoes: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[DC24V 36W Solar Fan Motor PCBA Card]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Aluminium Chicken Cage]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Toilet Roll Tissue Wrapping Machine with Auto - Counting]
Corrosion Resistant Waterborne Epoxy Resin on Metal Surface with We-8216, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Baking Stone Cookware-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[ Painting Canvas]
Corrosion Resistant Waterborne Epoxy Resin on Metal Surface with We-8216,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate]
Corrosion Resistant Waterborne Epoxy Resin on Metal Surface with We-8216, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Compression Polyester Light Ankle Support Brace for Youth, Part I.Good Quality White PVC Rigid Foam Board for Iran Market. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ Safe Lock (AL-206)]
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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[4-Drawer Steel Structure Office File Cabinet / Metal Storage Locker/Boofshelf/Office Furniture Book Shelf]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Bathroom Accessories Well Designed High End 82116 Sliver Design Toilet Stainless Steel or Brass Angle Valve A6002. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Low Carbon Heavy Galvanized Steel Wire]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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