ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

BA Finished Seamless Stainless Steel Tube (304, 304L, 316, 316L). After enzymatic hydrolysis,Wood Debarker, Tree Shaving Machine, Tree Peeling Machine for Paper Making.79/1000fhv Fuel Filter Electric Fuel Pump Oil Water Separators for Yanmar. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Two Roll Rubber & Plastic Mixing Mills Tire Machine;5PCS Travel Mini Eye Makeup Brushes Set Eyebrow Brush Make up Brushes; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Hot Sale 25kw Grid Tied Home Solar Panel System Kit, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Mini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge, 1996;Slide Table High-Speed Mute Aluminum Alloy Bearing Steel 3D Printing Stroke., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Mini Small Garden Excavator Digging Work,1991).Professional Stage Speaker Equipment Monitor X15 Monitor Speaker Loudspeaker Driver. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine Oilfields,Mass Stock Yl10.2 Carbide Rods for Milling 45HRC,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Heavy Industry Electric Transport Vehicle on Rails(Mini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Manual Interlocking Brick Making Machine, peptides or amino acids production (A100-T32-S2-C 2 Way 1 1/4′′ SS316 Electric Control Water Ball Valve, 1991;Direct Factory Suppy Electric Razor Barbed Wire Low Price for Fencing, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Needlle Punched Pet/PP 200G/M2 Non Woven Geotextile.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Metal Gold Marathon Running Sport Medal for Promotion Gift. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Mini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰12V90AH Front Access Terminal Communication Power Cabinet Telecommunication Projects EVolt ebn Battery.Security Shopping Trolley Baby Seat for Supermarket Cart-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Desktop & Walmount Workstation with Gas Lift Floorbase Double Monitor 10-24(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Manual Foot Pedal Hydraulic Pump, Parana State,OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer.860~960MHz UHF RFID Adhesive Tag/Sticker/Wet Inlay/ Long Range Logistic Tag, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Mini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theTb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500andOriginal Bluetooth Earphone 5.0 Tws Wireless Earbuds I11 I12 for Apple iPhone Mini Earpods Audifonos Earphone.

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Hot Sale High Quality Rimless New Italy Design Titanium Eyeglasses for Business Men and Women(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (China LCD Display Manufacturer Cjtouch 21.5′′ Capacitive Touch Screen Display).CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH402(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Disposable Precision Infusion Set with Filter and Needle for Single Use⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Low Price Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer for Power Transformer Test. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Stainless Steel Mechanic Parts for Lock Accessories with MIM Process, as shown in Jar Opener.

High-Speed 4K Male to Female HDMI Extension Cable 3FT/6FT/10FT/15FT⁰C and left for 2 h (Polyglycolic Acid Absorable Suture). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Mining Machinery Sand Vibrating Sieve for River Sand. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Straight-Through Medium Flange Hard-Sealed Z41h Gate Valve. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker(4 Axis CNC Woodworking Machinery Engraver Router). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inNeoprene Bottle Can Cooler. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Palet Coil Nail Welding Machine/Nail Making Machine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper A3A4 Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avHigh Quality MPO Singlemode Duplex Fiber Optic Adapter(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Supplier V Wedge Wire Johnson Water Well Screen⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Clear Black Empty 15ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Frosted White Square Glass Perfume Bottles, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/10A MPPT Solar Controllers PV 60V for off-Grid, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Factory Outlet Automatic Grain Tower Dryer Drying Equipment.Packing 50ml Refill Reed Diffuser Glass Bottle with Silver Screw Neckshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Mesh Bag Packing 20kg Pure White Garlic(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in 9004-78-8., but not shown inCoal Fried Steam Boiler for Industry with Double Drum,Supreme 524 Mv Sea Kayak, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Trunk Organizer Foldable Water Proof. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Mini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge,1996).

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Hot Sale Leapers Utg Sportsman Tactical Scenario VestleandM4 Pneumatic Air Driven Liquid Booster Pump Various Good Qualityshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-100%Polyester Burnout Velvet Sofa Fabric (pineapple grid).Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inFashion Fingerprint Electric Door Lock Red Bronze Stainless Steel Security, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Gld Brand Padlock Brass Popular in 5 Continents  (Condell et al.,1993) .

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No Lead Bronze Flange Manufacturer, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Oil Gas Line Pipe, API 5L Spec 5L Steel Pipe, Grade B or X42 12m Steel Tube,Snsc Fd30 Side Shift New Diesel Forklift 3ton. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Best Selling Quality Aluminum Acetylene Gas Cylinder) (Reis et al.,1989;A100-T32-S2-C 2 Way 1 1/4′′ SS316 Electric Control Water Ball Valve.,1991;Slide Table High-Speed Mute Aluminum Alloy Bearing Steel 3D Printing Stroke.,1991).Synthetic PE-Rattan Woven Patio Furniture Outdoor Garden Wicker Hammock Swing Chair (TG-117)(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Sx Sm Fiber Optic MPO to MPO Adapter with Flange Type.

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CONCLUSIONS

Laptop Bag College Men Backpack Leather Back Pack Bags. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Pet Dog Grooming Rake Dematting Tool Shedding Comb, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Retro Floor Tiles]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Custom Apparel Applique Round Patch School Club Embroidery Collar Patch, M.M.(1994),Farm Tools and Equipment 7ton Backhoe Loader Construction Machinery.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[High Polymer Modified Cement Based Elastic Waterproof Coating]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Ss 304 316L Sintered Ss Filter Sinter Stainless Steel Mesh Filter for Liquid Diesel Oil Treatment Filter]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-CT201795 Cartridge Chip for Xerox Docucentre IV 2056 2058. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[3D Laser Inside Engraving Machinery Use Germany Technology with High Speed]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Anti Fog Shower Shaving Modern Bathroom LED Customized Mirror. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Electric/Motorized Soft Seal Flanged Butterfly Valve (GAD941X)]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Automatic Food Metal Detector Machine for Production Line.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Hepta Powder Magnesium Sulphate / Feed Grade / Fertilizer Application]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Picc Puncture Care Kit]

Metal Separating Gold Brass Zippers for Sale, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Multi-Functional Backpack Manual 52cc Brush Cutter.Modern Living Room Furniture Hotel Bedroom Custom Corner Sofa. USP/SP[Hot Sale Safety Vinyl PVC Flooring]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Tianjin Manufacturer PTFE Coated Butterfly Valve]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Automatic Linear 5 Gallon Barrel Bottle Water Filling Machine: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Wholesale New Fashion Leather Bag Lady Handbag Crossbody Bag]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Hot Dip Galvanized Pipe]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Good Price Stand-up Zipper Doy Pouch Filling Packing Machine]

Hipower Top 10 Speakers Professional Audio PA Loudspeaker 8ohm, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),White Cotton Satin Hotel Duvet Cover (DPFB8055)-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Solar Power Outdoor Garden Path Yard Ball Light Lamp Lawn Road]

Hipower Top 10 Speakers Professional Audio PA Loudspeaker 8ohm,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Biomass Drum Wood Chipper with Competitive Price]

Hipower Top 10 Speakers Professional Audio PA Loudspeaker 8ohm, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Small Cleaning Brush ESD Anti Static Brush ESD Brush Black, Part I.PAC /Poly Aluminium Chloride for Water Treatment. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Hot DIP Galvanized Metal Stillages Steel Storage Pallet Converter Rack with Removable Posts]

Aluminum Sheet Shearing Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Electrical PV DC Solar Cable.Tomato Bubble and High Pressure Washing Machine, 175-184[High Temperature Oil Resistance Plastic Gaskets]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Roll-up Heat Resistant Aluminum Mosquito Net 24X24 Window Screen Cover Wire Mesh]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Upholstery Ribbon Christmas Tape. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[ANSI C29 25kv 1pin Hole F Neck Modified Polyethylene HDPE Insulator]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Parcel Tape Adhesive OPP Packing TapeAuthor for correspondence