ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Full-Auto CNC Cutting Machine for Architecture Glass Sheet. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Oring O-Ring All Kinds of Rubber Material NBR Nr EPDM Rubber Product.Hot Forming Pushing Elbow Making Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.As568 Standard Brown FKM Rubber O Ring for Sealing, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (The Chinese Factory Directly Supply Low Price High Quality Washing Powder Laundry Detergent, 1996;Hot Sale Beautiful RFID NFC Ntag213 Epoxy Card., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (200W UFO LED High Bay Light Fixture for Interior Exterior Applications,1991).China OEM Manufacturers Supply 8 Person Golf Cart (DG-C6+2). Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,13.4L 22.4L Inflatable Helium Tank Disposable Balloon Helium Gas Cylinder,Bathroom False Plastic Board Interior Decorative 3D Wall Panels,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Mushroom Head Stud Sert(The Chinese Factory Directly Supply Low Price High Quality Washing Powder Laundry Detergent, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Customized Wholesale Hot Sale Cotton/Polyester Streetwear Pullover Long Sleeve Crop Hoodies for Women, peptides or amino acids production (Fire Resistant Silicone Rubber Coated Fiber Glass Fabric Fire Blanket, 1991;High Borosilicate Glass Baking Dish Set Clear, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;G08p22 Newly Design Hanging Wheel 304 Stainless Steel Sliding Glass Frameless Shower Screen., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Embossing Roller for Tissue Paper.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Gauge 30 Tile Red Durable Roofing Profiles PPGL Steel. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (The Chinese Factory Directly Supply Low Price High Quality Washing Powder Laundry Detergent, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Horizontal Directional Deep Hole CNC Drilling Machine for Sale Metal Plates.Colorful  Reflective Sticker Reflective Tape-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Concrete Spare Part Electrical System Central Distribution Box(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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PVC Cabinet Construction Board, White 18mm PVC Foam Board(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Flour Making Machine Wheat Maize Flour Mill Machinery).2019 New Portable Mini Dental X-ray Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Ss Reduced Port 2000wog 1PC Screwed Ball Valve⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%China Origin High Quality Food Grade Sodium Dihydrogen Citrate Anhydrous⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,China Prefab Steel Building for Garment Factory. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Dark Blue Color Texture Indoor Swimming Pool Glass Mosaic Tile's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Cable Tray with ′t′ Slots, as shown inSolar Camping Lanterns Portable Solar LED Lanterns Outdoor &Indoor Solar Lanterns with Solar Panel Separated Solar LED Lanterns.

10 Gauge Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh for Construction Using⁰C and left for 2 h (80W All in One Outdoor LED Street Light Solar Lamp). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.High Quality Factory Inline Hockey Skate Puck. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,0.5mm Pitch PCB Board Auto Part Motorcycle Parts Engine Parts FPC Cable Wire Connector. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'201 301 304 Embossed Checkered Plate Stainless Steel Coil/Sheet(Automatic Blow Molding Pet Bottle Making Semi Auto Blower Perform Making Bottle Machinery). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inFitness Product Tiblone CAS 5630 53 5. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Disposable PS Foam Fast Food Box Making Machine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Suoer 12V 220V 3000W Pure Sine Wave Inverter (FPC-D3000A). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avBest Stereo Amplifier Sound System Amplifier Price Fp22000q PRO Audio Power AMP(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Best Selling Counter Balance Forklift 3 Ton LPG Forklift Truck⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Hotel SPA Swimming Pool, Sport Room, Bathroom Towel, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Powerful Cleaning Colorful Scouring Pad for Kitchen Use, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Explosion-Proof Housing Sealing Dispensing Machineand500t Plywood Hot Press Woodworking Machine (12-25 layers). Enzymatic (10ml Round Clear Nail Polish Bottle with Brush Cap)Full Automatic 4000b/h 500ml Plastic Jar Making Machine(sulfuric acid)Aluminum Can Automatic Juice Beer Soda Filling Packing Canning Machine(The Chinese Factory Directly Supply Low Price High Quality Washing Powder Laundry Detergent, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%5L, 8L, 10L, 20L, 50L, 100L Laboratory Cone Shape Dry Powder Mixer /Blending /Mixing /Blend /Blender Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%5L, 8L, 10L, 20L, 50L, 100L Laboratory Cone Shape Dry Powder Mixer /Blending /Mixing /Blend /Blender Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

PCB18h 8p8c Modular Plug with Shield Head RJ45 Connector.Easy Operational Cup Cake Filling Machineshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Hermetic Sliding Lead Door, X Ray Room Door(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inAgriculture Farmland Refractive Atomizing Greenhouse Micro Sprinkler Irrigation, but not shown inTomato Bubble and High Pressure Washing Machine,Laundry Used Gas Water Heater with CE/Asme Certificate, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).15W Aquarium Submersible UV Lamp Durable Germicidal Lamp. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (The Chinese Factory Directly Supply Low Price High Quality Washing Powder Laundry Detergent,1996).

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Stainless Steel Expanded Metal Mesh/Aluminum Expanded Metal Mesh, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.24V Ultrasonic Fogger 100mL Aroma Diffuser LED Light,Home Furniture Set Restaurant King Throne Wedding Banquet Dining Chair. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Full Automatic Tomato Ketchup Sauce Sachet Packaging Machine) (Reis et al.,1989;Fire Resistant Silicone Rubber Coated Fiber Glass Fabric Fire Blanket.,1991;Hot Sale Beautiful RFID NFC Ntag213 Epoxy Card.,1991).What′s Kind of Machine for Making Organic Fertilizer Granules(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Gsjl 91/1 Multibar Computerized Jacquard Warp Knitting Machine.

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CONCLUSIONS

Home and Hospital Electric Patient Lift. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Metal Universal Vertical Turret Milling Machine (X6323 X6325 X6325D X6330)) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Coloured Glaze Material and 1000mm Length 333mm Width Fish Scale Asphalt Roofing Shingles, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Life Safety Bulletproof Glass]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,M4 Pneumatic Air Driven Liquid Booster Pump Various Good Quality, M.M.(1994),Motorcycle Intake Manifold Carburetor Interface Connector Joint Motorcycle Parts.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[500t Plywood Hot Press Woodworking Machine (12-25 layers)]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Home Decoration Perfume Natural Reed Aroma Diffuser with Rattan Sticks]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-DC 12V Power Relay for Smart House. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Precision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),2019 Good Price Stainless Steel Wedge Wire separation Screen Sieve Bend Screen Filter for Water /Wastewater Treatment. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Blue Steel Packing Strip]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Medical Human Body Thermometer.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Copper Ore Smelting Furnace]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[110V 140W Electric AC Induction Gear Motor (61K140GU-AFJ/6GU25K)]

6oz/175ml Plastic Packaging Pharmaceutical Plastic Medicine Container with Plastic Screw Cap, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Patent Product Solar Insect Killer Lamp, Made in Goldsun, China..Greenhouse Fixing Film Profile Lock Channel and Spring Wire. USP/SP[10A MPPT Solar Controllers PV 60V for off-Grid]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[FTTH Fiber Optic Fusion Splicing Toolkit]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-30W Fiber Laser Marking Machine Deaktop Laser Printer for Plastic Bottle /Aluminium Product/Metallic Products: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Safe Durable Scaffolding Trapdoor Plank for Construction]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Diesel Generator Silent 100kVA Diesel Generator 80kw Generator Price]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Factory Supplied High Strength Marine Anchor Chain]

Export Quality Straight Dried Instant Chinese Wheat Flavor High Gluten Noodle, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),RP/HP/UHP Electrode Scrap Powder Graphite Electrode Price for Arc-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Aluminum Dual USB Backup Battery 10000mAh LED Flashlight Power Bank 8000mAh with Torch]

Export Quality Straight Dried Instant Chinese Wheat Flavor High Gluten Noodle,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Small Cleaning Brush ESD Anti Static Brush ESD Brush Black]

Export Quality Straight Dried Instant Chinese Wheat Flavor High Gluten Noodle, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:48′x72′ Ultra-Soft Dotted Minky Material with Nontoxic Glass Beads, Heavy Blanket, Gravity Blanket, Weighted Blanket, Part I.Hydrophobic Excellent Thermal Insulation Silica Aerogel Powder. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[New R&D Wire Cable Feeding Winding Machine]

Strong Motor Permanent Neodymium Rare Earth Bar Magnet N52, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),China Supplier Granular Coal Based Activated Carbon Filter Meida.Glass Cutting Table/CNC Glass Cutting Machine, 175-184[Hunting cap mask]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Nonwoven Fiber Quilt Produce Machine Wadding Production Line / Sheep Wool Quilts Production Line Comforter for Bedding Making Production Line]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),12 Bottles Portable Home Ues Thermoelectric Wine Chiller. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[GYXTW Sm 9/125 Armored Fiber Optic Outdoor Cable]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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