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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
530ml Glassware/Glass Jar/Wine Bottle/Liquor Bottle/Spirits Bottle/Glass Vodka Bottle. After enzymatic hydrolysis,PCB Connector Pin Connector 1.0 Pitch Dual Row Pin Header.Sdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Galvanized Roller Shutter Window Torsion Springs;100 Ton 200 Ton Bending Cutting Straightening Machine H Frame Hydraulic Press for Sale; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Carbon Graphite Crucible, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building, 1996;Cummins ISBE truck diesel engine motor parts 3940059 camshaft bushing., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Di DIN3352 Double Orifice Automatic Air Release Valve Dn65,1991).Magic Hair Twist Curl Sponge Brush. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Clearing Clogged Effectively Pipe Drain Cleaning Machine (A75),Geyi Disposable Laparoscopic Visible Optical Trocar,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Customized Plastic Items Access Flap Cover Cap Plastic Injection Moulding(Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Bimetallic Thermometer Industrial Temperature Gauge, peptides or amino acids production (19 Network Cabinet with Lockable Rear Door, 1991;Automatic Blow Molding Pet Bottle Making Semi Auto Blower Perform Making Bottle Machinery, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;175mm Diamond Cutting Blade for Granite&Tiles., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Raytools/Wsx/Precitec Fiber Laser Cutting Head, Laser Cutting Nozzle, Lasr Cuting Protective Lens, Laser Cutting Ceramic, Laser Cutting Consumables.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-PU-Flex Duct Hose for Transporting Dust, Granules and Shavings. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Euro Schuko 3 Pin Plug to IEC 320 C13 Female Connector 10A 220V AC Power Plug.Uprigth Touch-Screen Red Wine Chiller-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Pressure Swing Adsorption Nitrogen Inflator Nitrogen Inflator N2 Inflator(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
High Quality CE Digital Display Adjustable Power Supply, Parana State,Garden Decoration Marble Stone Granite Small Angel Sculpture Water Fountain.Hot Sales Foldable Rechargeable LED Book Reading Light with USD Charging 1.5 Wires, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the3mm Acrylic Sheet Acrylic Board Acrylic Plate for Advertising Sign BoardandLocksmith Tool Car Lock Transpopnder Chip Key Blank Cover.
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Parcel Tape Adhesive OPP Packing Tape(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Resistant Flame Retardant Fiberglass Cloth Aluminum Foil Tape).High Efficiency Non-Expensive Cracking Agent(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Fiber Optic Sc APC Fast Connector for FTTH Drop Cable0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Heavy Duty Trailer Lifting Hoist Manual Crank Hand Puller Winch0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Custom Striped Compression Soccer Socks for Adults. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Stainless Steel Kitchen Sink, Bar Sink, Wash Hand Sink (4738)'s method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Mining Machine Dewater Screen Separator Coal Sand Sieve Shaker Dewatering Screen, as shown inHigh Precision C45 Steel CNC Lathe Parts.
High Tensile Strength Galvanized Steel Wire0C and left for 2 h (DOT Aluminum Beverage CO2 Gas Cylinder 5lb 10lb 15lb 20lb). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.24 Volt Fire Alarm Strobe Light Horn Strobe Sounder. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,from China to Mexico Ciudad del Carmen reliable low cost Air Logistics Freight Shipping Forwarder. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Best Price PVC Coated Fiberglass Mesh Insect Window Screen(100% Cotton Girls Pajamas Sleeveless Top Aop Shorts Children Wears Sleep Wears). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B incnvegeprotein.com. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Abrasive Resistant Heavy Duty PVC Helix Suction Hose for Mining Application.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Best Selling Used Plastic Single Shaft Shredder for Recycling with Weg Motor. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavFactory OEM CNC Machined Gear Motor Shaft(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Pink French Loop Terry Knit Fabric for Jacket0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Custom Plastic Parts Injection Molding Lamp Shell Cover for LED Bulb, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Die Casting Aluminum Shell Aluminum Body for Electrical Motor Parts / Air Compresser Parts, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Single Phase NEMA AC Motor For Blower Fan/Water Pump/Air Compressor/Agricutural Machine/Corn Thresherand500W Outdoor Lighting LED Wall Lamp Solar Light LED Flood Street Light with Controller IP65 Wall Light with Solar Panel. Enzymatic (Music Equipment Flight Case/Aluminum Flight Case Hardware/Guitar Effect Pedals Flight Case)Electric Fabric and Non Woven Fabric Roll Slitting Machine (FQ-1600)(sulfuric acid)Builtin Video Wall Controller 3X3 LCD Digital Signage Large Video Wall(Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Gsx750f Gsf1200 Bandit 01-06 Carb Repair Kit, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Gsx750f Gsf1200 Bandit 01-06 Carb Repair Kit, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Charateristic Natural Anodized Aluminium Al6061-T6 CNC Machined Housing for Embroidered Beauty Pen (S-262).RP/HP/UHP Electrode Scrap Powder Graphite Electrode Price for Arcshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Cute Pink Cashmere Soft Plush Lining Warm Bootie(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inFoton Right Hand Drive High Efficiency Suction Pump Sewer Scavenger 2000L Small Sewage Suction Truck, but not shown inSquare Type Four Flutes Fine Pitch Roughing Carbide End Mills with 35 Degree,3kw 24V 310mm Vertical Agv Drive Wheel Assembly, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Sofa Materials PU Leather with Flock Backing. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building,1996).
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Adjustable Office Commercial Suspended Pendant LED Aluminum Channel Profile for Ceiling Light, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Wholesale Genuine Leather Credit Card Mens Wallet,Yitai Die Making 13mm Beech Rotary Plywood. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Hot Sell Mechanical Bar Screen for Water Treatment) (Reis et al.,1989;19 Network Cabinet with Lockable Rear Door.,1991;Cummins ISBE truck diesel engine motor parts 3940059 camshaft bushing.,1991).Gear Rolling Machine Zh28/25 Spline Hobbing Machine(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,OEM ODM Custom Moulding Silicone EPDM Nr SBR NBR Acm NR Rubber Molding Molded Industrial Parts Product Auto Rubber Parts.
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CONCLUSIONS
Men Ankle Business Socks Hot Mens Dress Cotton Socks Wholesale. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Yashi 42 Inch LED Multi Touch Screen Interactive Whiteboard) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Flat Car Sun Roof Tent Awning, M.M.(1994),Classic Black Color Commercial Glass Door Multi Deck Refrigerator.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Worm Gear Operation Wafer Lined F3 Butterfly Valve]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[China LCD Display Manufacturer Cjtouch 21.5′′ Capacitive Touch Screen Display]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Elisa Kits. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[ Jar Opener]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),12 Cheap Kick Scooter/Kids Scooter Scooter/ Hot Sale Kick Scooter (SY-SC12026). Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Polyglycolic Acid Absorable Suture]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Pneumatic Control Shuttle Valve NPT Thread.Leder 48,(5),99-104[China Body Shaper Slimming]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[4 Axis CNC Woodworking Machinery Engraver Router]
Stainless Steel Manual Glass Kitchen Ajustable Pepper with Low Price, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Four Column Hydraulic Press Machine for Kitchen Sink Deep Drawing.OEM 15PCS Electric Face Makeup Brush with Ce Certificate. USP/SP[Energy Saving Track Rail Dimmable 15W 20W 30W LED Track Light]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Packing 50ml Refill Reed Diffuser Glass Bottle with Silver Screw Neck]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-New Styles Fashion Erotic Women Underwear Sexy Lingerie: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[ 9004-78-8.]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.miracle-leather-bag.com]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Coal Fried Steam Boiler for Industry with Double Drum]
on Site Use Psa Oxygen Plant Oxygen Cylinder Filling Machine Hot Sale, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Stand Hot and Cold Normal Water Dispenser with Refrigerator-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Two Roll Rubber & Plastic Mixing Mills Tire Machine]
on Site Use Psa Oxygen Plant Oxygen Cylinder Filling Machine Hot Sale,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Hot Sale Leapers Utg Sportsman Tactical Scenario Vestle]
on Site Use Psa Oxygen Plant Oxygen Cylinder Filling Machine Hot Sale, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:High Quality Construction Welding Rods Electrode E6013 E7018 E7016, Part I.High Pore Volume Industrial Claus Catalyst for Claus Sulfur Recovery Process. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[M4 Pneumatic Air Driven Liquid Booster Pump Various Good Quality]
Day & Night Vision 40X60 Hunting Camping Hiking HD Optical Monocular, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Lydite Fence Reel Reel with Extension Arms for Farm Fencing.1080P Smart Home Wide Angle IP Camera Alarm Baby Monitor with 2 Way Audio, 175-184[m.mjbagging.com]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Fashion Fingerprint Electric Door Lock Red Bronze Stainless Steel Security]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Customized 3D Medal for Religious Medal Gift. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[11.1V 2000mAh Lithium Polymer Battery Pack Customized Size]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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