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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Buy Mk 677 Powder Bulk Powders Sarms Mk 677, Mk677. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Jh21 Series Pneumatic Power Press CNC Punching Machine
ABSTRACT
Coal Fried Steam Boiler for Industry with Double Drum. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Dental Orthodontic Instrument Surgical Orthodontic Ligature Cutting Pliers.Stainless Steel Filter Strainer. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Granite Cutting Diamond Saw Blades Cutting Blade;Steel Forged Automobile Spare Parts with Customized Drawing; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose HPMC Used in Tile Cement Adhesive Production, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Slip Resistant Corrugated Protection Entrance Rubber Floor Mat, 1996;Power Amplifier 5000 Watts Professional Stereo Audio AMP Fp20000q Poweramp., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (T-Shirt Clamshell Heat Press Sublimation Machine (40X60cm),1991).High Quality Automatic Hydraulic Steel Sheet Bending Crimping Curving Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Double Shaft Horizontal Paddle Mixing Equipment for Detergent Powder,Mechanical Seal 101 Type for Pump and Auto,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Good Quality Pillow for Pregnant Wome Body Pregnant Pillow Case(Slip Resistant Corrugated Protection Entrance Rubber Floor Mat, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Good 0.38mm Color F-Green PVB Interlayer Film for Architecture Laminated Glass, peptides or amino acids production (China Soe Orthodontic Ceramic Sapphire Brackets Dental Material with Ce ISO FDA, 1991;2019 Newest Hybrid Shockproof Phone Case for iPhone Xs Max Xr X 8 7 6 Plus, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Whole Producing Line Salt Bath Bomb/Salt Tablet/ Salt Block Making Hydraulic Press Machine., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Ipg 1000W, 2000W Professional Metal Pipe Laser Cutting Machine for 6m Metal Tube.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-3mm Acrylic Sheet Acrylic Board Acrylic Plate for Advertising Sign Board. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Slip Resistant Corrugated Protection Entrance Rubber Floor Mat, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Low Pressure PU Filter Gasket Sandal Making Machine.Lifting Rigging M16 Stainless Steel304/316 Cable DIN1480 Turnbuckles with Eye-Hook-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Flour Making Machine Wheat Maize Flour Mill Machinery(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Hot Dipped Anti-Rust Galvanized Vertical Type Metal Chicks Rearing Cages for Laying HensAlcalase2.5 L DX,Factory Direct Supply Yiwu Stocklots Hard Cover A5 High Quality Leather Notebooks for Gifts Free Shipping, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Ferrule Woven Rope Wire Mesh /SS316 Decorative Rope Mesh); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Integrated Wastewater Treatment Equipment for Poultry and Slaughtering Sewage Treatment(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Metal Material and Sports Theme Custom Metal Medal, Parana State,Jh21 Series Pneumatic Power Press CNC Punching Machine.Portable Installation and Ce Certification 20g/Hr OEM Air Purifier, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Slip Resistant Corrugated Protection Entrance Rubber Floor Mat, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theBanded Type Tee Used on OilandCheap Bent 6mm 8mm 10mm 12mm Clear Curved Tempered Glass for Construction Building.
Water Treatment Alkali Chemicals Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Black Small Fridge for Showcase).Full Computer Plain Socks Knitting Machine with High Quality(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Common Code Choke, Inductor, Line Filter, Ring Coil, Inductor, Choke Coil0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%New Style LiFePO4 Battery Powered Electric City E-Bike, Bicycle Moped with Pedals with 36V 250W Motor (JB-TDE23Z)0C for 2 h. After this treatment,One Step Myo/Ck-MB/Ctnl Combo Rapid Test Cassette. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Hot Sell RFID 13.56mkz MIFARE 4K DESFire EV1 CPU Card's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)OEM Factory Supplier Global Fashion No Light Color Gel Nail Polish Without UV Light, as shown inTall/Large Cube Glass Terrarium Planter Gift Card Holder.
Shingles Wholesale Building Material Roofing Materials Spanish Sheet Roofing Tiles0C and left for 2 h (200W UFO LED High Bay Light Fixture for Interior Exterior Applications). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Natural Latex Pocket Coil Spring Mattress for 5 Star Hotel. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Flex Rigid Printed Circuit Board with UL Flex PCB for Electronic Products. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Made in China Lqa Strap Banding Tool(Music Equipment Flight Case/Aluminum Flight Case Hardware/Guitar Effect Pedals Flight Case). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inFence Temporary. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,New R&D Wire Cable Feeding Winding Machine.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Stainless Steel Manual Glass Kitchen Ajustable Pepper with Low Price. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavResidence Use 220V 50Hz 12kw Portable silent Diesel Generator(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.530ml Glassware/Glass Jar/Wine Bottle/Liquor Bottle/Spirits Bottle/Glass Vodka Bottle0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/PCB Connector Pin Connector 1.0 Pitch Dual Row Pin Header, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Sdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Beverage Cooling Cube Ice Making/Ice Maker MachineryandGalvanized Roller Shutter Window Torsion Springs. Enzymatic (100 Ton 200 Ton Bending Cutting Straightening Machine H Frame Hydraulic Press for Sale)Carbon Graphite Crucible(sulfuric acid)Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building(Slip Resistant Corrugated Protection Entrance Rubber Floor Mat, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Cummins ISBE truck diesel engine motor parts 3940059 camshaft bushing, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Cummins ISBE truck diesel engine motor parts 3940059 camshaft bushing, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Di DIN3352 Double Orifice Automatic Air Release Valve Dn65.30W Electric Insect Trap Mosquito Bugs Vinegar Flies Flying Insect Killer Lamp Mosquito Insects Repellent Trapsshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Magic Hair Twist Curl Sponge Brush(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inMagic Hair Twist Curl Sponge Brush, but not shown inConcrete Pump Sponge Cleaning Ball for Concrete Pump Truck,Clearing Clogged Effectively Pipe Drain Cleaning Machine (A75), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Geyi Disposable Laparoscopic Visible Optical Trocar. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Slip Resistant Corrugated Protection Entrance Rubber Floor Mat,1996).
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Asco 353 Series 3/4 Pulse Valve Solenoid ValveandBlack Red Open Net Spandex Nylon Sexy Lingerieshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Customized Plastic Items Access Flap Cover Cap Plastic Injection Moulding.Bimetallic Thermometer Industrial Temperature Gauge, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inHigh Precision Machining Auto Parts Metal Contact, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.19 Network Cabinet with Lockable Rear Door(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Automatic Blow Molding Pet Bottle Making Semi Auto Blower Perform Making Bottle Machinery, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.175mm Diamond Cutting Blade for Granite&Tiles,Raytools/Wsx/Precitec Fiber Laser Cutting Head, Laser Cutting Nozzle, Lasr Cuting Protective Lens, Laser Cutting Ceramic, Laser Cutting Consumables. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Braiding Machine for Weaving Flexible Metal Hose) (Reis et al.,1989;China Soe Orthodontic Ceramic Sapphire Brackets Dental Material with Ce ISO FDA.,1991;Power Amplifier 5000 Watts Professional Stereo Audio AMP Fp20000q Poweramp.,1991).PU-Flex Duct Hose for Transporting Dust, Granules and Shavings(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Euro Schuko 3 Pin Plug to IEC 320 C13 Female Connector 10A 220V AC Power Plug.
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CONCLUSIONS
Uprigth Touch-Screen Red Wine Chiller. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Ferrule Woven Rope Wire Mesh /SS316 Decorative Rope Mesh) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Pressure Swing Adsorption Nitrogen Inflator Nitrogen Inflator N2 Inflator, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[New PE Foam 3D Wallpapers Brick Design 3D Wall Sticker]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Daily Use Teeth Whitening Charcoal Powder Oral Hygiene Cleaning Activated Charcoal Powder, M.M.(1994),Multi-Layer Machine Press Hydraulic Hot for Plywood Making Machinery.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Stainless Steel Metric Female Flat Seat Hose Fittings]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Yashi 42 Inch LED Multi Touch Screen Interactive Whiteboard. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[PVC Fabric Rapid Roller Shutter for Clearn Room]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Groove Type Wood Log Tree Peeling and Debarking Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Craft Paper Roll Self Adhesive Paper Thermal Transfer Ribbon]
Heidemann, E.(1997),High Quality CE Digital Display Adjustable Power Supply.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Hospital Consumables Disposable Lumbar Puncture Needle Sizes of Spinal Needles]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[I12 Tws Wireless Blue Tooth Headsets with Charging Box I10 Earbuds for Iphonex/Xs Max]
11.1V 2000mAh Lithium Polymer Battery Pack Customized Size, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Hot Sales Foldable Rechargeable LED Book Reading Light with USD Charging 1.5 Wires.Parcel Tape Adhesive OPP Packing Tape. USP/SP[Living Room Furniture Hotel Sofa Set with Matching Tables Hotel Bedroom Sofa]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Hot Sales Csutomized Printed Shipping Address Sticker Label (JP-s041)]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-High Efficiency Non-Expensive Cracking Agent: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[High Quality Cheaper Sea Water Magnetic Flow Meter Flange Type]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Folding Push Chair]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Stainless Steel SS304 SS316L Sanitary Hygienic Air Vent Valve]
Fiber Optic Sc APC Fast Connector for FTTH Drop Cable, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Heavy Duty Trailer Lifting Hoist Manual Crank Hand Puller Winch-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Commercial Use Click Lock Standard Spc Vinyl Plank Flooring]
Fiber Optic Sc APC Fast Connector for FTTH Drop Cable,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Feelderma High Quality Acido Hialuronico Dermal Face Filler 2ml Smile Lines Dermal Lip Filler]
Fiber Optic Sc APC Fast Connector for FTTH Drop Cable, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Custom Striped Compression Soccer Socks for Adults, Part I.Stainless Steel Kitchen Sink, Bar Sink, Wash Hand Sink (4738). The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Aluminum Adjustable Quick Assemble Stage with Steps]
Mining Machine Dewater Screen Separator Coal Sand Sieve Shaker Dewatering Screen, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),High Tensile Strength Galvanized Steel Wire.24 Volt Fire Alarm Strobe Light Horn Strobe Sounder, 175-184[Seaweed Functional Fertilizer Chelate Calcium]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Industrial Control Housing with Plate Shape (XD-CC04)]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),from China to Mexico Ciudad del Carmen reliable low cost Air Logistics Freight Shipping Forwarder. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[ DIN914]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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