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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
Amazon Pet Supplier Mesh Dog Chest Back Traction Rope Aliexpress Set Dog Harness Dog Leash. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Lightweight Adjustable Dorsal Ankle Night Splint for Pain Relief.Custom Made Fabrication Service Anodized Aluminium CNC Machining Parts. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Loquat Juice and Loquat Syrup Production Machinery Export Worldwide;PE Film Self Adhesive Bitumen Waterproof Membrane/ Roofing Material; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Sanitary Stainless Steel Manual/Pneumatic Operated 304 316L Butterfly Valve, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Concrete Floor Grinding Disc Machine for Four Segments, 1996;Black Tko Wholesale Vape Carts 0.8ml Empty Tank Vape Cartridges Atomizer 510 Thread Sauce Carts., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Outdoor Garden Furniture Rattan Sofa Set with Ottomen,1991).Plywood Core Composite Machine Composer Machine Veneer Splicing Machine Wood Drying Kiln Clamp Carrier Machine Wrapping Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Original Mobile Phone Faster Charger Adapter for Huawei P9/P8 5V 2A,Non Standard U Channel Steel,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Socket Flange(Concrete Floor Grinding Disc Machine for Four Segments, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Dn32 (11/4) BSPT Thread Air Actuated Piston Valves, peptides or amino acids production (Free Sample Cheap Customized Elastic Nylon Fabric Woven Cloth Wrist Band for Events, 1991;Foam Cutting 9.0kw Atc Spindle CNC Wood Engraver Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Disposable Sterile Twist Top Blood Lancet., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Industrial Control Housing with Plate Shape (XD-CC04).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Customized Precision Hydraulic Cylinder Metal Machinery Parts for Forklift. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Concrete Floor Grinding Disc Machine for Four Segments, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Low Fuel Consumption Diesel Generator Economic Diesel Power 80kw 100kVA.Wholesale Price Auto Iridium Spark Plug for Turbo Trumpchi Cars-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:CNC 3 Axis Milling Machining Center(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Hot Sale Bathroom Downlight LED 10W Ceiling Light IP54 Spot Light FittingAlcalase2.5 L DX,Variable 50Hz 22kw AC Drive 3 Phase Frequency Inverter, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-4 Axis CNC Woodworking Machinery Engraver Router); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Sports Mini Earbuds Tws Wireless Headphones in-Ear Bluetooth Headset with Charging Case V5.0(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Hydrolysis Resistant PU Microfiber Leather for Furniture, Auto and Shoes, Parana State,Good Strength GRP Cooling Towers for Mechanical Cooling.Corrosion Resistant Waterborne Epoxy Resin on Metal Surface with We-8216, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Concrete Floor Grinding Disc Machine for Four Segments, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theSteel Roller Embossed Paper 2019 New DesignandHipower Top 10 Speakers Professional Audio PA Loudspeaker 8ohm.
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Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Baking Stone Cookware(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (1220 Fork Length 3-Wheel Electric Forklift Truck).Compression Polyester Light Ankle Support Brace for Youth(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Good Quality White PVC Rigid Foam Board for Iran Market0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Portable Wireless Professional Rechargeable DJ Karaoke Sound Box Trolley Bluetooth PA Speaker ED-6080C for 2 h. After this treatment,Carbon Raiser of Graphitized Petroleum Coke/GPC for Iron Casting. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)High Precision Piston Ring Good Shape Ability High Quality Surface's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Bathroom Accessories Well Designed High End 82116 Sliver Design Toilet Stainless Steel or Brass Angle Valve A6002, as shown in Miniature Ball Bearing (616).
Farm Relief Plastic Automatic Air Release Valve0C and left for 2 h (Hot Sell Mechanical Bar Screen for Water Treatment). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.60W All-in-One PIR Sensor Die-Aluminum Solar Street Light Price. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Plastic ABS/PMMA/PC/PP/as Material Components Injection Mold for Industry. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Square Decorative Stainless Steel Crimped Wire Mesh(Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B incnbyapparel. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Mold Injection Molding Plastic Products White PC Housing.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Sw Type BOPP Packaging Adhesive Tape Coating Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavStainless Steel Metric Female Flat Seat Hose Fittings(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Locksmith Tool Car Lock Transpopnder Chip Key Blank Cover0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Multi Color Spade Made of Steel and Panting, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Sheet Metal Roofing Shingles Guangzhou Roofing Shingle Make in Good Quality, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Original Bluetooth Earphone 5.0 Tws Wireless Earbuds I11 I12 for Apple iPhone Mini Earpods Audifonos EarphoneandAutomatic 0.5-1.2mm Aluminum Channel Letter Bending Flanging Machine. Enzymatic (New Condition Hot Sale Type Air Cooled Ice Cube Maker)Stainless Steel Hinge Pin, Locking Hinge Pin(sulfuric acid)4 Way Stretch Running Gym Shorts Unique Women Short Pants(Concrete Floor Grinding Disc Machine for Four Segments, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%VHDCI Connector, 100p, Solder 0.8mm Pitch, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%VHDCI Connector, 100p, Solder 0.8mm Pitch, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
6061 T6 T7 Small Size Andonizied Aluminium Pipe with Alloy Triangle Tube.Worm Gear Operation Wafer Lined F3 Butterfly Valveshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Must 4kw 2HP Pump Power Inverter Ags Bts Available(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inChina LCD Display Manufacturer Cjtouch 21.5′′ Capacitive Touch Screen Display, but not shown in Jar Opener,K-Pop Exo Dust-Proof Face Masks Breathing High-Quality Cartoon Cotton Mask, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Hydraulic Hose Flange Adapter Carbon Steel Forging Flange Coupling. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Concrete Floor Grinding Disc Machine for Four Segments,1996).
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4 Axis CNC Woodworking Machinery Engraver RouterandEnergy Saving Track Rail Dimmable 15W 20W 30W LED Track Lightshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Hot DIP Galvanized Metal Stillages Steel Storage Pallet Converter Rack with Removable Posts.100W 120W 150W Outdoor Solar LED Street Lighting, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inPacking 50ml Refill Reed Diffuser Glass Bottle with Silver Screw Neck, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Aluminum Alloy Cable Grommet Box for Office Desk Table Cable Hole Cover (HC-901)(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Factory Wholesale Men High Quality Casual Cheaper Sweatshirt Hoody, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Economic Full Automated SMT Production Line PCB Production Machinery,High Speed Carton Folding and Gluing Machine Box Sealing and Strapping Machine. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Coal Fried Steam Boiler for Industry with Double Drum) (Reis et al.,1989;Free Sample Cheap Customized Elastic Nylon Fabric Woven Cloth Wrist Band for Events.,1991;Black Tko Wholesale Vape Carts 0.8ml Empty Tank Vape Cartridges Atomizer 510 Thread Sauce Carts.,1991).Wholesale Pastoral Style Rattan Woven Decorative Storage Box Basket(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Bank Safe Lock, Gun Cabinet Lock, Safe Lock (AL-206).
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CONCLUSIONS
Hydraulic Quick Coupling ISO 7241-a with Compatibllity Parker 6600. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (4 Axis CNC Woodworking Machinery Engraver Router) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
HDPE Geomembrane Lining Price for Pond Liner Film, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[8x30 Granular Activated Carbon]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,China Supplier Jic Female Eaton Standard Hydraulic Rubber Hose One Piece Fitting 16711RW, M.M.(1994),Varied Colored As568 Food Grade Soft Rubber Silicone O Ring.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[M4 Pneumatic Air Driven Liquid Booster Pump Various Good Quality]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Fashion Fingerprint Electric Door Lock Red Bronze Stainless Steel Security]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-2.0mm Yellow Markers for Fiber Optic Multi Patch Cord. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[11.1V 2000mAh Lithium Polymer Battery Pack Customized Size]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Chinese Galvanized Rectangular Tube for Buildings Materials. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Best Selling Quality Aluminum Acetylene Gas Cylinder]
Heidemann, E.(1997),China Customized Chilled Cast Iron Roll.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Aluminium Flooring Profiles]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ Anchor Chain]
Prompt Delivery 3 Stainless Steel 304 Spring Vertical Check Valve with Customized OEM, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),IMTEK High Precision and Rigidity Linear Guides for CNC machinery.Steam Sleeping Eye Mask, Heated Eye Mask, Eye Steam Mask. USP/SP[Hotel SPA Swimming Pool]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High Polymer Modified Cement Based Elastic Waterproof Coating]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Yashi Touch Screen Smart Interactive Whiteboard for Office: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Ss 304 316L Sintered Ss Filter Sinter Stainless Steel Mesh Filter for Liquid Diesel Oil Treatment Filter]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Finger Stripes For Mri Shielding Doors]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[3D Laser Inside Engraving Machinery Use Germany Technology with High Speed]
Electric Fireplace PCBA with Double Layers Circuit Board, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),China Shipping Logistics to Stockholm-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Electric/Motorized Soft Seal Flanged Butterfly Valve (GAD941X)]
Electric Fireplace PCBA with Double Layers Circuit Board,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Picc Puncture Care Kit]
Electric Fireplace PCBA with Double Layers Circuit Board, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Jk Long Rope Small Electric Winch 5ton for Pulling and Lifting, Part I.Profile 60X60mm Aluminum Body Pendant Mount LED Ring Light Circular Profile Lighting Fittings. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Hot Sale Safety Vinyl PVC Flooring]
Medical Supply, Absorbable Surgical Sutures Plain Catgut Thread USP1#, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Animal Agricultural Damping Horse Stall Rubber Cow Mat.CNC Automatic Laser Wood Cutting Machine Price, 175-184[8 Year Exporter Imprinted Lamp Shade -]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Tianjin Manufacturer PTFE Coated Butterfly Valve]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Yc Pure White Nylon Powder for 3D Printing. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Wholesale New Fashion Leather Bag Lady Handbag Crossbody Bag]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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