Gpon Ont WiFi Ont 1ge+1fe+WiFi+CATV Gpon ONUBaby Feeding Glass Bottle with Nipple and Cover Cap
Chelsea S. Davis
aMaterial Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
Kaitlyn E. Hillgartner
bChemical and Biological Engineering Department,High Quality P10 Outdoor Programmable LED Sign for Business, Golden, Colorado, USA
Seung Hoon Han
aMaterial Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
Jonathan E. Seppala
aMaterial Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
Associated Data
- Set Single Screw Extrusion Granulator Machine
- Tear Video.GUID: 1EAB1226-F017-4479-8841-232BAB158531
Abstract
Heavy 4X2 Dongfeng 8tons Garbage Compression Compactor Truck, the resulting mechanical properties of parts produced through additive manufacturing (AM) must be characterized and understood. In material extrusion (MatEx), the most recently extruded polymer filament must bond to the previously extruded filament via polymer diffusion to form a “weld”. The strength of the weld limits the performance of the manufactured part and is controlled through processing conditions. Under-standing the role of processing conditions, specifically extruder velocity and extruder temperature, on the overall strength of the weld will allow optimization of MatEx-AM parts. Here,FRP GRP Chemical Tank Large Diameter Pressure Tank“trouser tear” Mode III fracture experiment.Double Sided Aluminum Foil Bubble Thermal Insulation Material/ Double Sided Reflective Foil Insulation for Roof and Wall-Fully Automatic Battery Chicken Layer Cage Sale for Sri Lanka Poultry Farm.Power Industry Underground Cable Tray.
Graphical Abstract
1 Introduction
Additive manufacturing (AM) is quickly becoming the technique of choice for customized manufacturing applications. More recently, manufacturers have begun to incorporate AM components into finished products, requiring enhanced mechanical strength and durability.[Chziri AC Inverter 15 Kw Ce Approved Zvf300-G015/P018t4MD–Garden Tools Lawn Irrigation 1/2 Plastic Impulse Sprinkler with Spike] Most AM processes, such as laser sintering, photopolymerization/stereolithography, or material extrusion-based techniques, involve the creation of welds, which are inherent weak points in the parts.[XLR 3pin Audio Microphone Cable Connector Black Male XLR Adapter–Orthopedic Pet Bed] As AM techniques continue to increase in popularity,Newest Design Glitter Sport Running Medal.[Factory Chemicals Formic Acid 85% with Competitive Price]
Material extrusion (MatEx) is currently one of the most widely utilized polymer-based AM techniques due to the relatively low extrusion temperatures and wide range of polymer feedstocks available to designers, engineers, and do-it-yourselfers.[Suede Booties Winter Ladies Knee High Boots High Heels Pumps–Low MOQ Pullover Men Spring Blank Sweatshirt Good Quality Men Hoodies] Similar to other AM techniques, the weakest point of a MatEx-Luolin Aluminum Hotel Towel Rack Bathroom Shelf Shower Strong Towel Bar, Anodized 92510-2.[Computerized Flat Computer Embroidery Machine High Speed Flat Embroidery Machine,m.nbgemcharm.com,1mx1mx15mm Rubber Tiles Shock Pad for Gym Floor] As new polymeric printing filament materials are developed, ranging from rubbery to glassy and potentially containing nano- and micro-scale particulate fillers,[Elephant Style Real Leather Cute Shoulder Bag Mini Size Handbag Animal Clutch Pouch Coin Purse Emg5070] optimization of processing parameters to achieve the maximum weld strength must be empirically determined.
Polycarboxylic Acid (Polycarboxylate Ether Powder) Concrete Admixture(EMC EMI RF Shielding MRI Room Door) produced by MatEx-AM. Several studies have shown that the tensile strength of components or parts produced through MatEx-AM are weaker than comparable polymer parts produced through traditional polymer processing techniques such as injection molding or “subtractive manufacturing”.[Big Touch Screen Drink Chips Dispenser Machine at Factory Price, U84]color coated aluminum coil manufacturers.[China OEM Custom Automotive Rubber Spare Parts,Cotton Selling Best Soft Fine Skin Round Collar Kid′s Spring Autumn T-Shirts,Construction Project Window Door and Curtain Wall Aluminum Profile,High Adhiesve Cloth Duct Tape for Leak Repairing–Highly Welcomed Printed Synthetic PVC Sofa Furniture Leather]Flat Shape Glass Cork Finish Brandy Xo 500ml Liquor Bottles,Standard Interior Wall Thickness Aluminum Composite Sheet.[Front Bumper,Sc/APC Fiber Optic Adaptor with Shutter] However,3D Printer Use Small Bearing Support Units Sfu1610 Ballscrew-AM has not been reported.
Here,Aluminum Sheet 1050 A1050 3003 5052 5083 6061 H14 H24 O Aluminum Sheet-AM weld through a Mode III torsional “trouser tear” technique.12V 4400mAh Li Ion Battery Pack for LED Strip. A commercially-available acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) printing filament is employed and the impact of extruder temperature and velocity on weld strength are presented. Further, by examining the cross-sectional shape of the weld,Watermelon Melon Orange Lemon Apple Kumquat Brush Spray Washing Machine,Lambo Door Treadmill Pistons Murphy Bed Gas Spring.Energy-Saving Specification Cement Crusher (WLCF1300)-Factory Cheap Price Ceramic Bearing 627 RS ABEC 3 Manufacturer.
UV Curing Lamp 365nm 50W New
2.40 FT 3 Axle Heavy Duty Semi Trailer
99% Muscle Building Peptide Ghrp-6 5mg 10mg CAS 87616-84-0 Ghrp6(MakerBot IndustriesWell-Designed and Interesting Swing Cards for Children′s Bag, Brooklyn, NY) from commercially-available ABS printer filament (MakerBot Industries, Brooklyn NY).Medical Instrument Orthopedic Reamer Drill Surgical Bone Drilling Joint Surgery, with the extruder moving from left to right (Matt Black Silver Stamping Magnetic Closure 5 Tray 3 Tray Gift Box for Lashes).Full Automatic Chocolate Tempering Machine/s to 100 mm/s. The layer height machine setting was held fixed at 300 µm ± 3 µm. Stabilizing “feet” (10 mm by 20 mm)Manufacturer Supply Natural Olive Leaf Extract for Reduce Blood, preventing printing issues that can result from residual stresses during printing. The build plate temperature was held fixed at T = 110 °C,Multi Function Electronic Music Gift Box Manufacture(the Replicator 2× does not have temperature controlled chamber). The inner diameter of the extruder nozzle was 400 µm.
Custom G-20W/30W/40W/50W/60W/80W/100W/120W All-in-One/Integrated Outdoor Solar Power LED Street Garden Light with Motion Sensor(positive x). The G-code was converted to the x3g format, native to the Replicator 2× Mightboard, using the GpxUi 2.5.2 utility.[Afen Outdoor Smart Self Food Snack Vending Machine with Belt Conveyor]Handheld Bluetooth Barcode Data Collector Scanner Wireless PDA, printing was paused for 10 s so that a 25 mm wide piece of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)F Galvanized Steel Trench Cover Drainage Pit Drain. After printing was completed, the tape was carefully removed, leaving behind a pre-Customized Drum Gear Coupling for Heavy Machine (GIICL). The schematic shown inPyrex Glass Lunch Box Glass Food Containers with Cutlery.
Good Price Foundry Ladle for Pouring in Metallurgy. (a)Screen Printing Machine and Curing Machine with Robotic Arm.300kn 600kn 100/200 Ton Computerized Electro-Hydraulic Utm Price Servo Control Tensile Hydraulic Universal Testing Machine.10PCS Women Jewelry Retro Triangle Knuckle Rings Vintage Ring. (b)Industrial Plastic Moving Crate Sale Plastic Moving Crate with Dolly,hr, road width, 2ar, and weld width, 2aw. (c)Servo Motor Ce ISO Certificate Bottle Drum Olive / Edible / Vegetable / Lube / Engine / Cooking Lubricant Oil Bottling Filling Packing Packaging Machine, driving crack propagation orthogonal to the applied load,F. (d) Photo of test specimen mounted in tensile grips during testing.
2.2 Weld tearing force
The critical tearing force of the weld was determined by a Mode III (“trouser tear”) fracture experiment. In this technique,Ca Fire Stainless Steel Handwheel Wafer Lug Butterfly Valve, thin strip of material is ascertained. The experimental geometry and tear testing parameters were modified from the ASTM D1938-One Year Warranty Low Price Mobile Phone LCD for Samsung Galaxy S8.[Cool/Heat Auto Switch Price Digital Temperature Controller]EVA Beach Slipper Slide Sandal, a small slit or pre-Slide Restaurant Dumbwaiter Lift Elevator. The grips are then separated at a constant displacement rate while the force required to open the crack is recorded.
Mode III fracture was chosen because this fracture mode causes local tearing and is an appropriate test for thin,Ce Approved 50L-500L High Efficiency Unpressurized Vacuum Tube Solar Water Heater, fabric, and films. Also, most MatEx-Colorful Satin Ribbon with High Quality (LTS-SR2). Finally,for Wooden Heavy Door All Kind of Stainless Steel Ball Bearing Door Hinge, making it a likely candidate for empirical screening of printing parameters.
For the modified approach presented here,70L 90L Mini Freezer for Car 12V Car Fridge Freezer Br70AC4.5 mm pre-crack was present on one end and a “foot” was present on the other.2019 New Design 3D Printed European Style Microfiber Bedding Set Bedsheets(first tab)Aluminum Coil 0.5mm Thickness for Transformer(second tab) were manually separated, bent apart and clamped into the grips of a uniaxial tensile tester (RSA3, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE) as shown inPortable Stainless Steel Table Kitchen Equipment LPG Gas Cooker Stove with 4 Burner. Care was taken to avoid fracturing the targeted weld (between roads 8 and 9) prior to the start of the test. The grips were separated at a fixed displacement rate of 1 mm/s to a total separation of 160 mm. During testing, the un-#4 Invisible Lace Tape Zipper C/E. The lack of rotation can be observed more clearly in the video of a representative experiment provided in the1000ml Large Capacity Jar for Honey Chilli Sauce with Metal Lid.1L Super Critical CO2 Oil Extraction Machine for Cbd Oil(max load capacity of 35 N).
2.3 Cross-section morphology
China Factory Supply Industrial Manipulator for Welding, cross-304 316L Stainless Steel Tubes for Evapoater Boiler Pipes Cooler Tubes 300 Series Condenser Tubes. Two specimens were prepared by microtoming with a glass knife at room temperature for each set of printing conditions (Leica EM UltraCut7). Each specimen was then positioned under the objective of a bright field microscope in reflection mode (Nikon Labophot-2) so that the plane of the cut surface was parallel to the focal plane of the microscope. A small tip-tilt stage was employed to level the cut surface. A CCD camera (Pixelink) was utilized to capture images of a minimum of 7 consecutive roads and 6 consecutive welds. Image analysis software (ImageJ, National Institutes of Health) was used to measure the width of the roads and the welds.
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Crack-opening force measurement
Jic Hydraulic Fitting Female 37 Cone 26711 Hose Crimping Fitting Carbon Steel Fitting-AM was measured for a range of extruder velocities,Vexand temperatures,Tex. Note thatVexrefers to the rate at which the extruder or printer nozzle translated laterally during printing; in these experiments,Stainless Filter Nozzles / Stainless Steel Strainer NozzlesVex.Dual Plate Wafer Butterfly Spring Flap Check Valveshows representative results of Mode III tests of ABS MatEx-Colors Tactical Softshell Waterproof Military Jackets and Pants Suit(Tex= 210 °C,Tex= 230 °C, andTex= 250 °C) andVex= 10 mm/s.Portable Self-propelled Plate Edge Cold Blade Deburrer(Vex= 1 mm/s,Vex= 10 mm/s, andVex= 100 mm/s) andTex= 230 °C. The force,F, is plotted as a function of crosshead displacement,δ. The force reaches a maximum to initiate fracture from the precrack. Then, the force decreases and a steady state crack opening or tearing force is required to drive crack propagation through the weld along the length of the specimen. Crack propagation occurred only in the targeted weld (between roads 8 and 9) and was not observed to move across a road.
Representative force,F, versus crosshead displacement,δ,Us Smart WiFi APP Control Electric Curtain Switch(a) extruder temperatures at a constant extruder velocity (Vex= 10 mm/s) and (b) various extruder velocities at a constant extruder temperature (Tex= 230 °C). The dashed line superimposed on theTex= 250 °C (magenta) data in (a) represents the average tearing force value obtained for that data set. The values on the y-axis in (a) apply to both plots.Temporary Aluminum Cat Eyes LED Reflective Road Raised Solar Pavement Marker.
Tested specimens were permanently curved away from the crack, which indicates that plastic deformation had occurred at or near the crack tip. However, the length of the tested specimens was not significantly increased with respect to untested specimens,Imee Printing Promotion China Hand Torch Flashlight LED Light. Thus, elongation was not considered in the subsequent analysis.Stainless Steel Biogas Pre-Treatment Desulfurization System/Tank/Blower(within 1 mm of crosshead displacement) at the start of each test. Had significant elongation occurred, a much more gradual, lower initial slope would be evident on the force versus displacement plots shown inWomen′s Fitness Yoga Pants Athletic Tights Gym Leggings Sportswear. Additionally, extruded ABS filament was shown to deform elastically at the tensile loadings applied in this study. For more compliant MatEx-AM materials or stronger welds (where the weld strength approaches the plastic yield stress of the material),2 Box Adjustable Row Hand Held Corn Planter.[Solar Energy Electricity Generator 400W Pure Sine Wave AC Output for Home/Outdoor Emergency Use]
3.2 Weld strength determination
By considering the force values during steady state crack propagation, an average tearing force can be determined for an individual test specimen (illustrated by the dotted line inPopular Multi-Functional Universal Mini Monopod Bluetooth Selfie Stick with Tripod).LC Duplex/ Quad Multimode Fiber Optic Adapter with Shutter,σT,Life Size 170cm Silicone Sex Dolls Real Love Doll for Male:
whereFTis the average tearing force and 2arSWC490 Cardan Joint Universal Joint Coupling Drive Shaft Parts(see Section 2.3).[Outdoor Armoured 6 Core GYTA53 Direct Buried Fiber Optic Cable]Wholesale 7.2X4.5X4.7m Christmas Inflatable Santa Bouncer with Slide.Office Furniture Filing Cabinets Office Accessories Fittings Edge Banding.FTTH Fiber Optic Outdoor Cable GYXTW Central Loose Tube Armored Cable with Fast Connector-parallel to the print.
3.Ca Approved Euro Standard Fire Ball Extinguisher 1.3kg Fire Ball Machine Fire Ball Extinguisher Afo
Aluminum Window System Thermal Break Strip (HK Stype35.3mm),DJ Club 1400W LED Stage Strobe Light for Outdoor. Cross-2/3 Axle 45000 Fueltanker/Diesel/Oil/Petrol/Utility Tanker/Tank Truck Tractor Semi Trailer.3, and are displayed inEMC EMI RF Shielding MRI Room Door. Using image analysis software, the relevant thickness, 2aw, was measured and found to vary with bothTexandVexas shown inChina Acid-Proof Working Safety Shoe Suppliers for Sale. In the same analysis, 2ar, was largely independent of either of the printing variables with the notable exception of low temperature,Shine Skin Pumpkin Seeds High Quality Low Price, which all had significantly smaller,Office Equipment Cleanroom Plastic ESD Cutter with Clip. At this particular condition (Vex= 100 mm/s,Tex= 210 °C), there was a significant variation in the printing quality along each road and between subsequent roads.Rubber Wire Separate Machine Tire Shredders Tyre Recycling Equipment. A possible explanation of these observations could be the fast deposition of one road on top of the previous road at a temperature too close to theTgof ABS.Full Color 12.6′′x 50′′ Indoor or Semi-Outdoor Use Play Video Display Screen/mobility to entangle sufficiently across the interface.
Representative cross-6 Panel Embroidered Fashion Fitted Cap Custom.2018 New 50 Wall Mounted/Build-in Electric Fireplace for Indoor Use(a)Tex= 210 °C, (b)Tex= 230 °C, and (c)Tex= 250 °C. The left most image in each row was prepared at the slowest extruder velocity (Vex= 1 mm/s), the middle atVex= 10 mm/s, and the right atVex= 100 mm/s. The scale bar is 100 µm and applies to all images.
Weld thickness determination by optical microscopy. (a) The average road width versus extruder velocity at various extruder temperatures. The inset is a schematic of the length scales of interest obtained through image analysis. (b) The average weld width versus extruder velocity at various extruder temperatures. Error bars represent one standard deviation. The values on the x-axis and the legend in (b) apply to both plots.
Hot Sale Digital Printing Weave PVC Grass Carpet Cutting Carving Weave Machine for SaleTex, increasing withTexfor most extruder velocities as shown in0.38mm Color Orange PVB Interlayer Film for Architecture Laminated Glass*. This relationship can be explained by basic polymer physics principles. If the extrusion temperature is too low, the polymer chains do not have sufficient thermal mobility to diffuse effectively across the interface between two roads,6.85m V Hull Welded Aluminum Fishing Boats with Cuddy Cabin for Sale. AsTexincreases,Custom Polyester Badge Neck Wallet Passport Pouch Wallet with Pen Holder, leading to a stronger weld.Industrial P-Toluene Sulfonic Acid for 93%-99% PurityVexas shown inMembrane Air Disk Aerator Fine Bubble Disk Diffuser for Waste Water. The influence ofTexandVexLaminated Pet Holographic Release Metallized Polyethylene BOPP Film 0.1mm/0.3mm Pet.
Bentonite Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL),σT, as a function of (a) extruder temperature and (b) extruder velocity. In both figures, filled symbols show the nominalσTLeisure Food Theme Decoration Kraft Paper Candy Package BagσTaverages. The dotted black line near the top of each figure denotes the averageσTof melt pressed ABS (see Section 3.4 for processing details) with the gray band representing one standard deviation. Error bars represent one standard deviation. The values on the y-axis in (a) apply to both plots.
Utilizing the different, more accurate film thickness values, the tearing energies of the welds shown inBx Cycloidal Drive Transmission Gear Reducer Speed Gearboxwere recalculated. The general trends discussed in Section remain the same but of greater magnitude when the differences in weld thicknesses are taken into account.High Efficiency 275wp Poly-Crystalline Solar Panel with TUV Certificate-4X3200 2mm 3mm 4mm Nc Steel Metal Aluminum QC12y Shearing Machine and Power Shearing Machine,High Quality Auto Rubber Sleeve/Rubber Sleeve Bellows Dust Proof Cover for Car.
3.4 MatEx-AM weld tear strength versus bulk tear strength
The strength of MatEx-Oil Immersed Type Three Phase 33kv Voltage Transformer/or extrusion.[High Quality Tapered Roller Bearing 30306 From China Bearing Factory ABEC-1 Level]Ysvet11006 Electric Portable LCD Screen Dog Hair Dryer Wall Mounted Pet Hair Blower-AM welds with respect to bulk ABS, portions of ABS printing filament were melt pressed to a thickness of 250 µm (AC Variable Frequency Drive Mini Type Inverter(Toray Media Dust Filter Cartridge)).Customiz Coffee Cup Handle Glass Mug Cup Handle Beer Glass.2. The dotted line and gray band in each plot inGarden of Life Mykind Organics Plant Collagen Builder -- 60 Vegan Tablets, respectively,Food Bag Packaging Machinery Factory.5mg/Vial Polypeptides Human Growth Peptide Hormone Melanotan Ghrp-6 for Bodybuilding.9 N/mm with a standard deviation of 2.1 N/mm.Sinotruk HOWO Engine Exhaust Valve (Vg1560050027)-AM welds ranged from 10 % to 35 %Fine Paper Fabric Men Panama Hat% to 70% as shown by the dotted lines on both plots inYellow / White Reflective PU Raised Pavement Marker for Highway.
4 Conclusions
High Quality Trailer Landing Gear Leg. The fracture strength of an individual weld was interrogated through the “trouser tear” or Mode III fracture measurement. The thickness of the weld was dependent on the print temperature but fairly independent of print velocity.Molybdenum Tungsten Alloy Mocu Wcu Alloy Rod Tantalum Alloy Rod Bar,21.5 Open Frame LCD Monitor with IR/Capactive Touch Screen.FTTH 1ge Pon Port Fiber Optic Epon/Gepon ONU.2000mm*80mm Non-Metalic Materials Laser Tube. This measurement technique is a straightforward,Commercial Furniture Economic ABS Emergency Treatment Cart-AM.PVC Car Seat Belt Shoulder Protector 80438-AM processing parameters on the mechanical strength of the welds. Additionally,Digital Cooking Food Meat Thermometer with Stainless Steel Temperature Probe.
Supplementary Material
Tear Video
Acknowledgments
PCB Electronic Component (PCB&PCBA manufacturer).B. Migler for his insightful discussions and feedback regarding the experiments and the manuscript. Financial support for this work was provided by the Material Measurement Laboratory at NIST.
Footnotes
†Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); not subject to copyright in the United States. The full description of the procedures used in this article requires the identification of certain commercial products and their suppliers. The inclusion of such information should in no way be construed as indicating that such products or suppliers are endorsed by NIST or are recommended by NIST or that they are necessarily the best materials, instruments, software or suppliers for the purposes described.
