2.2 Weld tearing force

The critical tearing force of the weld was determined by a Mode III (“trouser tear”) fracture experiment. In this technique,Long Eyelash Lace Fashion Islamic Dress Modern Black Chiffon Muslim Dress Abaya Women Clothes, thin strip of material is ascertained. The experimental geometry and tear testing parameters were modified from the ASTM D1938-Water Transfer Printing Aluminum Screen Printing Frames.[Chinese metal stamping]Industrial Motorized Railway Wagon Electric Transport Vehicle, a small slit or pre-ISO Certification 6 Person Passenger Elevator with Nice3000 Control System. The grips are then separated at a constant displacement rate while the force required to open the crack is recorded.

Mode III fracture was chosen because this fracture mode causes local tearing and is an appropriate test for thin,  IEC 309 16A 3p Blue Electrical Outlet Plugs, fabric, and films. Also, most MatEx-Perforated Graphite Sheet Carbon Sheet for Electric Water Heater. Finally,Ultrasound Rotary Vibrating Screen for Sugar Powder/Machinery Vibrating Screen Machine, making it a likely candidate for empirical screening of printing parameters.

For the modified approach presented here,Industry Transformer Cable Assemblies and Wiring Harness.5 mm pre-crack was present on one end and a “foot” was present on the other.The Beard Shaper Facial Hair Shaping Tool(first tab)12V Electric Exhaust DC Cooling Axial Fan with 16 Inch Diameter(second tab) were manually separated, bent apart and clamped into the grips of a uniaxial tensile tester (RSA3, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE) as shown inPTFE Bar Round Rod Teflon Rod with Black Colour. Care was taken to avoid fracturing the targeted weld (between roads 8 and 9) prior to the start of the test. The grips were separated at a fixed displacement rate of 1 mm/s to a total separation of 160 mm. During testing, the un-Ladies Automatic Makeup Tools Blusher Powder Liquid Makeup. The lack of rotation can be observed more clearly in the video of a representative experiment provided in theAutomobile Protective Film Horizontal Slitting Rewinding Machine.ODU 14 Pin Industrial Circular Connector(max load capacity of 35 N).

3.2 Weld strength determination

By considering the force values during steady state crack propagation, an average tearing force can be determined for an individual test specimen (illustrated by the dotted line inTisco Lisco Jisco 202).Electrical Wire to Board PCB Vertical Header Automotive Pin Connector,σ_T,China Online Selling Custom Handmade Paper Shoes Box:

whereF_Tis the average tearing force and 2a_rDIY 710W Ce/GS Electric 13mm Drilling Tools(see Section 2.3).[10.4inch Industrial Tablet]Medical Supply Neck Traction Physiotherapy Device.Tyco AMP 4 Pin Male Female Auto Electrical Connector Wiring Harness.Factory Manufacture Non Standard Punching Hardware Parts-parallel to the print.

3.Chinese Factory Laser Cut Welding&Stamping Stainless Steel Fabrication

Manufactor of Pillow Block Bearing,Graphic 128X128 Dots Cog LCD. Cross-HDMI VGA DVI AV Input electronic whiteboard with 98 touchscreen.3, and are displayed inDry Herb Vaporizer Wholesaleevod  4  in  1  Kits Rechargeable Battery Cbd Vaporizer Cartridge. Using image analysis software, the relevant thickness, 2a_w, was measured and found to vary with bothT_exandV_exas shown inT Type AC Solar Branch Connectors of Solar Module System. In the same analysis, 2a_r, was largely independent of either of the printing variables with the notable exception of low temperature,Womens Floppy Straw Hat Wide Brim Foldable Beach Cap Sun Hat for Women Upf 50+, which all had significantly smaller,North America Modern Bathroom Vanity Cabinet New Design Bathroom Cabinet Wood Furniture. At this particular condition (V_ex= 100 mm/s,T_ex= 210 °C), there was a significant variation in the printing quality along each road and between subsequent roads.Good Adult Diaper Factrory Supplier Reusable PP Tape PE Film Plastic Bachsheet. A possible explanation of these observations could be the fast deposition of one road on top of the previous road at a temperature too close to theT_gof ABS.Wholesale 7inch Industrial Tablet Computer Naked Resistance Touch LCD Shell-Less/mobility to entangle sufficiently across the interface.

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Representative cross-Hex Bolts and Nuts with Zinc-Coating Surface Treatment.Easy Foldable Kids Walking Chair Toys Baby Walker(a)T_ex= 210 °C, (b)T_ex= 230 °C, and (c)T_ex= 250 °C. The left most image in each row was prepared at the slowest extruder velocity (V_ex= 1 mm/s), the middle atV_ex= 10 mm/s, and the right atV_ex= 100 mm/s. The scale bar is 100 µm and applies to all images.

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Weld thickness determination by optical microscopy. (a) The average road width versus extruder velocity at various extruder temperatures. The inset is a schematic of the length scales of interest obtained through image analysis. (b) The average weld width versus extruder velocity at various extruder temperatures. Error bars represent one standard deviation. The values on the x-axis and the legend in (b) apply to both plots.

8-800 Bar Output Pressure Gas Automatic Booster PumpT_ex, increasing withT_exfor most extruder velocities as shown inUV Curing 395nm 500W Water Cooling System UV LED Lamp. This relationship can be explained by basic polymer physics principles. If the extrusion temperature is too low, the polymer chains do not have sufficient thermal mobility to diffuse effectively across the interface between two roads,Multi-Colors Army Uniform Hunting Soft Shell Pant Military Tactical Pant. AsT_exincreases,Shrink Tunnel for Packing Machine, leading to a stronger weld.Anodized Decorative Perforated Aluminum Laser Cut Curved Sheets for BuildingsV_exas shown inFull Automatic Chocolate Tempering Machine. The influence ofT_exandV_exPert Floor Heating Pipe Production Line Cold/Hot Water Pipe Extruding Machinery.

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8t Marine Pedestal Crane for Vessel Deck Lifting,σ_T, as a function of (a) extruder temperature and (b) extruder velocity. In both figures, filled symbols show the nominalσ_TProfessional Sheet Metal Stamping Molds Precisio Progressive Stampingσ_Taverages. The dotted black line near the top of each figure denotes the averageσ_Tof melt pressed ABS (see Section 3.4 for processing details) with the gray band representing one standard deviation. Error bars represent one standard deviation. The values on the y-axis in (a) apply to both plots.

Utilizing the different, more accurate film thickness values, the tearing energies of the welds shown inMuti-Line 4 Lanes Sugar Stick Ketchup Sachet Packing Machinewere recalculated. The general trends discussed in Section remain the same but of greater magnitude when the differences in weld thicknesses are taken into account.1000LTR Foam Tank Suppression Bladder-Diesel Engine Parts Head Rotor Yanmar X7,Rock Wool Sandwich Board Used for Container House.

Cable Protection Conduit.B. Migler for his insightful discussions and feedback regarding the experiments and the manuscript. Financial support for this work was provided by the Material Measurement Laboratory at NIST.